2686. Que l'arc soit la doctrine du vrai, c'est ce qu'on voit par sa signification. Dans la Parole, partout où il s'agit de Guerres, et partout où sont racontées des guerres, il n'est signifié, dans le sens interne, que des guerres spirituelles, numéro 1664. Il y a eu aussi, dans l'Ancienne Église, des Livres qui étaient intitulés les Guerres de Jéhovah, comme on le voit dans Moïse, - Nombres 21:14-15, 16, - ces guerres qui avaient été écrites en style prophétique avaient un sens interne, et traitaient des combats et des tentations du Seigneur, ainsi que des combats et des tentations de l'Église et des hommes qui sont de l'Eglise ; c'est ce qui est évident, parce que quelques passages en ont été extraits par Moïse ; on le voit aussi par d'autres Livres de cette Église, qui sont nommés Livres des Enoncés prophétiques, - dont il est parlé, Nombres 21:27, 28, 29, 30, - dans lesquels sont presque les mêmes paroles qu'on trouve dans Jérémie, Confér. Nombres 21:28, Jérémie 48:45.

On peut aussi conclure par ces Livres que l'Ancienne Église a eu des Écrits, tant Historiques que Prophétiques, qui étaient Divins et inspirés, et qui, dans le sens interne, traitaient du Seigneur et de son Royaume, et que ces Écrits étaient la Parole pour les hommes de cette Église, comme sont pour nous les Livres Historiques et Prophétiques qui, dans le sens de la lettre, traitent des Juifs et des Israélites, mais qui, dans le sens interne, traitent du Seigneur et des choses appartenant au Seigneur. Comme la Guerre, dans la Parole ainsi que dans les Livres de l'Ancienne Eglise, signifiait la Guerre spirituelle, de même toutes les armes, telles que l'Épée, la Lance, le Bouclier, l'Écu, les Traits, les Flèches et l'Arc, signifiaient spécialement les choses qui appartiennent à la Guerre prise dans le sens spirituel ; il sera dit ailleurs, par la Divine Miséricorde du Seigneur, ce que signifie spécialement chacune de ces armes ; ici, il va être parlé de ce qui concerne l'arc, en ce qu'il signifie la doctrine du vrai, et cela, en raison des traits, flèches ou javelots, qui sont les doctrinaux d'après lesquels et avec lesquels combattent ceux surtout qui sont spirituels et qui, à cause de cela, furent jadis appelés Tireurs d'arc : que l'Arc signifie la Doctrine du vrai, c'est ce dont on peut se convaincre par ces passages ; dans Ésaïe :

« Les traits de Jéhovah (sont) aigus, et tous ses Arcs tendus ; les sabots de ses chevaux sont réputés comme le roc, et ses roues comme la tempête. » - Ésaïe 5:28.

Là, il s'agit des vrais de la doctrine ; les traits sont les vrais spirituels, l'arc la doctrine, les sabots des chevaux les vrais naturels ; les roues leur doctrine ; et comme ces choses ont de telles significations, elles sont attribuées à Jéhovah, auquel elles ne peuvent l'être que dans un sens spirituel, autrement ces expressions seraient vaines et non convenables.

Dans Jérémie :

« Le Seigneur a tendu son Arc comme un ennemi, il a affermi sa droite comme celui qui attaque, et il a tué tout ce qui était désirable à l'œil dans la tente de la fille de Sion, il a répandu comme un feu sa colère. » - Lamentations 2:4.

L'Arc est la doctrine du vrai, laquelle se montre à ceux qui sont dans les faux comme quelque chose d'ennemi et d'hostile ; aucun autre arc ne peut se dire du Seigneur.

Dans Habacuc :

« Jéhovah, tu montes sur tes chevaux, tes chars (sont) le salut ; ton Arc sera mis entièrement à nu. » - Lamentations 3:8-9 ;

Dans ce passage l'arc est aussi la doctrine du bien et du vrai.

Dans Moïse :

« Ils l'aigriront et ils lanceront des traits, et ils auront de la haine contre lui les Archers ; il s'assiéra sur la fermeté de son Arc, et les bras de ses mains seront fortifiés par les mains du puissant de Jacob ; de là (il sera) le Pasteur, la Pierre d'Israël. » - Genèse 49:23-24.

Là, il s'agit de Joseph ; l'Arc est la doctrine du bien et du vrai.

Dans Jean :

« Je vis, et voici un cheval blanc, et celui qui était monté dessus avait un Arc ; on lui donna une couronne. » - Apocalypse 6:2.

Le cheval blanc est la sagesse, et celui qui était dessus est la Parole, ainsi qu'il est clairement dit au Chapitre 19 : Vers. 13, où il s'agit de nouveau du cheval blanc ; et comme celui qui était dessus est la Parole, il est évident que l'Arc est la doctrine du vrai, Dans Ésaïe :

« Qui a de l'orient excité la justice ? Il l'a appelé à sa suite ; il a placé devant Lui les nations ; et l'a fait dominer sur les rois ; il (les) a livrés comme de la poussière à son épée, comme de la paille agitée à son Arc. » - Ésaïe 41:2.

Là, il s'agit du Seigneur ; l'épée est le vrai, l'arc est la doctrine qui procède du Seigneur.

Dans le Même :

« Je poserai en eux un signe, et j'enverrai des réchappes d'entre eux vers les nations de Tharschisch, de Pul et de Lud, qui tirent de l'arc, de Thubal et de Javan. » - Ésaïe 66:19.

Ceux qui tirent de l'arc sont ceux qui enseignent la doctrine ; on a vu ce qui est signifié par Tharschisch, numéro 1156 ; par Lud, numéros 1195, 1231 ; par Thubal, numéro 1151 ; par Javan, numéro 1152, 1153, 1155.

Dans Jérémie :

« A la voix du cavalier et du tireur d'arc, toute la ville a fui ; ils sont entrés dans les nuées, et ils sont montés dans les rochers ; toute la ville a été abandonnée. » - Jérémie 4:29.

Le cavalier signifie ceux qui disent le vrai, l'arc est la doctrine du vrai que fuient ou craignent ceux qui sont dans les faux.

Dans le Même :

« Rangez l'armée contre Babel, tout à l'entour ; vous tous qui tendez l'arc, tirez contre elle, n'épargnez pas les traits, parce qu'elle a péché contre Jéhovah. » - Jérémie 50:44, Jérémie 51:2-3.

Là, ceux qui tirent et qui tendent l'arc sont ceux qui disent et qui enseignent la doctrine du vrai.

Dans Zacharie :

« Je retrancherai le Char d'Ephraïm, et le cheval de Jérusalem ; et l'Arc de guerre sera retranché ; et il parlera de paix aux nations. » - .

Ephraïm, c'est l'entendement du vrai de l'Église ; l'arc, c'est la doctrine. Dans Samuel :

« David prononça une lamentation sur Saül et sur Jonathan son fils ; et il l'intitula : Enseignement aux fils de Juda pour l'arc. » - 2 Samuel 1:17-18.

Là, il s'agit, non de l'arc, mais des doctrinaux de la foi.

Dans Ézéchiel :

« Parole du Seigneur Jéhovih : c'est le jour dont j'ai parlé ; et les habitants des villes d'Israël sortiront, et ils embraseront et brûleront les armes, et l'écu, et le bouclier, et l'Arc, et les traits, et le bâton de main et la lance, et ils y embraseront le feu sept ans. » - Ézéchiel 39:9.

Les armes, nommées dans ce passage, sont toutes des armes de la guerre spirituelle ; l'arc avec les traits, c'est la doctrine et ses vrais.

Dans l'autre vie, les vrais mêmes séparés d'avec les biens paraissent comme des traits, quand ils sont représentés à la vue. De même que l'Arc signifie la doctrine du vrai, de même il signifie dans le sens opposé la doctrine du faux : les expressions de ce genre, dans la Parole, ont pour la plupart un sens opposé, comme il a été dit et montré très souvent ;

Par exemple, dans Jérémie :

« Voici, un peuple vient de la terre du Septentrion, et une grande nation sera excitée des confins de la terre ; ils saisissent l'Arc et la lance ; cette (nation est) cruelle, et ils n'auront point de compassion ; leur voix sera tumultueuse comme la mer, ils seront montés sur des chevaux, équipés comme un homme de guerre, contre toi, fille de Sion. » - Jérémie 6:22-23 ; dans ce passage l'arc est pris pour la doctrine du faux.

Dans le Même :

« Voici, un peuple vient du septentrion, et une grande nation et plusieurs rois seront excités des confins de la terre ; ils tiennent l'Arc et la lance, ils (sont) cruels, et ils n'ont point de compassion. » - Jérémie 50:41-42.

Même signification.

Dans le Même :

« Ils tendent leur langue, leur Arc (pour) le mensonge, et non pour la vérité ; ils prévalent dans la terre, » parce qu'ils s'en sont allés d'un mal dans un mal, et ils ne M'ont point connu. » - Jérémie 9:1, 2.

Que l'arc soit la doctrine du faux, ou le voit clairement, car il est dit qu'ils tendent la langue, que leur arc est pour le mensonge et non pour la vérité.

Dans le Même :

« Ainsi a dit Jéhovah Zebaoth : voici, Moi je vais briser l'Arc et d'Elam, le principe de sa force. » - Jérémie 49:35.

Dans David :

« Allez, voyez les œuvres de Jéhovah, qui met des solitudes en la terre, faisant cesser les guerres jusqu'à l'extrémité de la terre ; il brise l'Arc, il coupe la lance, il brûle les chariots au feu.

Psaumes 46:9-10.

Dans le Même :

« En Juda Dieu est connu, en Israël son Nom (est) grand ; et en Schalem sera son tabernacle, et son habitacle en Sion ; là il a brisé les traits enflammés de l'Arc, le bouclier, et l'épée, et la guerre. » - Psaumes 76:2-3, 4.

Dans le Même :

« Voici, les impies tendent l'Arc, ils préparent leurs flèches sur la corde pour (les) lancer dans les ténèbres contre ceux qui ont le cœur droit. » - Psaumes 11:2.

Ici, l'arc et les flèches sont évidemment pris pour les doctrinaux du faux.

5354. 'And the name of the second he called Ephraim' means a new area of understanding within the natural, and the essential nature of it. This is clear from the meaning of 'the name' and 'calling the name' as the essential nature, dealt with in 144, 145, 1754, 1896, 2009, 2724, 3006, 3421; and from the representation of 'Ephraim' as the area of understanding within the natural, dealt with below. What the new area of understanding and what the new area of will are, meant by 'Ephraim and Manasseh', must be stated first. It is indeed well known in the Church that a person must be born again, that is, be regenerated, so that he may enter the kingdom of God. This is well known because the Lord has declared it quite explicitly in John 3:3, 5; yet What being born again implies is still known to only a few. And the reason for this is that few know what good and evil are. The reason people do not know what good and evil are is that they do not know what charity towards the neighbour is. If they did know what this was they would also know what good was, and from good what evil was; for everything is good that springs out of genuine charity towards the neighbour.

[2] But with no one can this good have its origin in the person himself, for it is something utterly heavenly flowing into him from the Lord. This heavenly good is flowing in constantly, but evils and falsities stand in the way and prevent the reception of it. So that it may be received therefore it is necessary for the person to remove the evils and, so far as he possibly can do so, the falsities too, and thereby bring himself into a condition to receive that good flowing in. When, after evils have been removed, he accepts the inflow of good he acquires a new will and a new understanding. The new will enables him to feel a sense of delight in doing good to his neighbour without any selfish end in view, and the new understanding enables him to take delight in learning what goodness and truth are for their own sakes and for the sake of the life he should lead. Because this new understanding and new will are brought into being by what flows in from the Lord, the person who has been regenerated therefore acknowledges and believes that the goodness and truth for which he feels an affection do not originate in himself but in the Lord, and also that what does originate in himself or is properly his own is nothing but evil.

[3] From all this one may see what is meant by being born again, and also what is meant by a new will and a new understanding. But regeneration, which brings the new will and the new understanding into being, does not take place in a single instant. Rather, it is taking place from earliest childhood through to the final phase of life, and after that for ever in the next life; and it is accomplished by Divine means that are countless and beyond description. In himself the human being is nothing but evil which is constantly radiating from him as if from a furnace and is constantly trying to smother good while it is still being born. The removal of that kind of evil and the firm implantation of good in its place cannot be effected except through the whole course of a person's life; nor can it be effected except by Divine means which are countless and beyond description. At the present time scarcely anything is known about these means, for the reason that people do not allow themselves to be regenerated. Nor do they believe that regeneration is anything, because they do not believe in a life after death. The process by which regeneration takes place, a process involving things beyond description, constitutes the major part of angelic wisdom; and that process is of such a nature that no angel can ever completely exhaust all there is to know about it. This is the reason why in the internal sense of the Word it is the chief matter that is dealt with.

[4] It is evident from very many places in the Word that 'Ephraim' means a new understanding within the natural, above all in the prophet Hosea, who makes many references to Ephraim, the following among them,

I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from Me, that you have altogether committed whoredom, O Ephraim; Israel has been defiled. Israel and Ephraim will collapse through their iniquity; Judah also will collapse with them. Ephraim will become a lonely place on the day of reproach. ¹ And I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like a worm to the house of Joseph. And Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound; and Ephraim went to Assyria and sent to King Jareb, and he could not cure you. Hosea 9:3, 5, 9, 11-13.

After this in the same prophet,

When I healed Israel the iniquity of Ephraim was revealed, and the evils of Samaria; for they practised a lie, and a thief came, a band spread itself outside. And Ephraim was like a silly dove with no heart; they called on Egypt, they went away to Assyria. When they go I will stretch My net over them. Hosea 7:1, 11-12 and following verses.

[5] And further on in the same prophet,

Israel has been swallowed up, now they are going to be among the gentiles, like a vessel in which there is no desire. When they went up to Assyria [they were like] a wild ass alone by himself; Ephraim procures lovers ² with a prostitute's hire. Hosea 8:8-9.

Israel will not dwell in Jehovah's land, but Ephraim will return to Egypt, and in Assyria they will eat what is unclean. Hosea 9:3.

Ephraim has encompassed Me with a lie, and the house of Israel with deceit; and Judah will have dominion still with God and with the saints of the Faithful One. ³ Ephraim feeds the wind, and pursues the east wind. All the day long he multiplies lies and devastation and they make a covenant with the Assyrian, and oil is carried down into Egypt. Hosea 11:11; 12:1.

[6] Ephraim is referred to by this prophet in many other places besides these, such as Hosea 4:16-18; 5:3, 5, 9, 11-13; 7:8-9; 9:8, 11, 13, 16; 10:6, 11; 11:3, 8-9; 12:8, 14; 13:1, 12; 14:8. In all these places 'Ephraim' is used to mean the area of understanding within the Church, Israel' the spiritual area within it, and 'Judah' the celestial area. Also, since the area of understanding within the Church is meant by 'Ephraim', frequent reference is therefore made to Ephraim going away into Egypt or into Assyria. This is because 'Egypt' means factual knowledge and 'Assyria' reasonings based on this; and factual knowledge and reasonings are things associated with the understanding. For the meaning of Egypt' as factual knowledge, see 1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 2588, 3325, 4749, 4964, 4966; and for that of 'Asshur' or 'Assyria' as reason or reasoning, 119, 1186.

[7] The understanding area of the Church is meant in a similar way by 'Ephraim' in the following places: In Zechariah,

Exult greatly, O daughter of Zion! Make a noise, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king comes to you. I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem, and I will cut off the battle bow; on the other hand he will speak peace to the nations. And his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the river even to the ends of the earth. I will bend Judah for Me, I will fill Ephraim with the bow; and I will rouse your sons, O Zion, together with your sons, O Javan. Zechariah 9:9-10, 13.

This refers to the Lord's Coming, also to the Church among the gentiles. 'Cutting off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem' stands for the entire understanding which the Church possesses. 'Filling Ephraim with the bow' stands for imparting a new understanding. For 'the chariot' means doctrinal teaching, see 5321; 'the horse' means the power of understanding, 2760-2762, 3217, 5321; and 'the bow' too means doctrinal teaching, 2685, 2686, 2709. Doctrinal teaching is dependent on the power of understanding, for to the extent that a person understands it, he believes it; his understanding of doctrinal teaching determines what his faith is like.

[8] For this reason the children of Ephraim are called 'archers' in David,

The children of Ephraim who were armed (they were archers) turned back on the day of battle. Psalms 78:9.

In Ezekiel,

Son of man, take a stick and write on it, For Judah and for the children of Israel, his companions. Then take another stick and write on it, Joseph's - the stick of Ephraim and of the whole house of Israel, his companions. After that join them together, one to the other into one stick for you, that both may be one in your ⁴ hand. Behold, I am about to take the stick of Joseph which is in the hands of Ephraim and of the tribes of Israel his companions, and I will add them who are on it to the stick of Judah, and will make them into one stick, that they may be one stick in My hand. Ezekiel 37:16-17, 19.

Here also 'Judah' is used to mean the celestial area within the Church, 'Israel' the spiritual area within it, and 'Ephraim' the understanding area. The idea that these will be made one through the good of charity is meant by the promise that one stick will be made out of two. For 'a stick' means good which is the good of charity and of works motivated by charity, see 1110, 2784, 2812, 3720, 4943.

[9] In Jeremiah,

It is a day [when] the watchmen will cry from mount Ephraim, Arise, let us go up to Zion, to Jehovah our God. I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be My firstborn. Jeremiah 31:6, 9.

In the same prophet,

I have surely heard Ephraim bewailing, You have chastised me and I was chastised, like an unruly calf. Direct me, that I may be directed. Is not Ephraim a precious son to Me? Is he not a delightful child? For after I have spoken against him I will surely remember him again. Jeremiah 31:18, 20.

In the same prophet,

I will bring back Israel to his own habitation so that he may feed on Carmel and Bashan; and on mount Ephraim and in Gilead his soul will be satisfied. Jeremiah 50:19

In Isaiah,

Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, to the falling flower and the glory of its beauty, which is on the head of a valley of fat ones confused by wine. Isaiah 28:1.

[10] In all these places too 'Ephraim' means the area of understanding within the Church. The area of understanding within the Church is that understanding which members of the Church have about truth and goodness, that is, about matters of doctrine regarding faith and charity. Thus it is the notions, conceptions, or ideas which they possess about these matters. Truth forms the spiritual area of the Church, and good the celestial area. But one member's understanding of truth and goodness is different from another's, and therefore the nature of each member's understanding of truth determines the kind of truth known to him. And the same is so with each person's understanding of goodness.

[11] What the Church's area of will, meant by 'Manasseh', is exactly can be recognized from the area of understanding, which is 'Ephraim'. The nature of the Church's will is similar to that of its understanding in that it varies from one member to another. 'Manasseh' means that area of will in Isaiah,

Through the wrath of Jehovah Zebaoth the earth has been darkened, and the people have become as fuel for the fire; a man will not spare his brother. A man will eat the flesh of his own arm; Manasseh [will consume] Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh, and together they are against Judah.

'A man will eat the flesh of his own arm, Manasseh [will consume] Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh' stands for the member of the Church when his will acts in opposition to the activity of his understanding, and his understanding acts in opposition to the activity of his will.

[12] In David,

God has spoken by means of His holiness, I will exalt, I will divide up Shechem and portion out the valley of Succoth. Gilead is Mine, and Manasseh is Mine; and Ephraim is the strength of My head. Psalms 60:6-7.

In the same author,

Turn Your ear, O Shepherd of Israel, You who lead ⁵ Joseph like a flock; You who are seated upon the cherubim, shine forth. Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up Your power. Psalms 80:1-2.

Here also 'Ephraim' stands for the area of understanding within the Church and 'Manasseh' for the area of will there. The same meaning is also evident from the blessing of Ephraim and Manasseh by Jacob before he died, and in addition from the fact that Jacob accepted Ephraim in place of Reuben, and Manasseh in place of Simeon, Genesis 48:3, 5. For Reuben had represented the Church's area of understanding, which is faith in the understanding, or doctrine, 3861, 3866. Also, Simeon had represented faith in action - or obedience and the will to put truth into practice - from which charity springs and through which charity expresses itself; thus he represented truth realized in action, which is good belonging to the new will, 3869-3872.

[13] The reason why Jacob, who by then was Israel, blessed Ephraim more fully than Manasseh, by placing his right hand on the former and his left on the latter, Genesis 48:13-20, was the same as the one involved in Jacob's procurement for himself of Esau's birthright. It was also the same as what was involved in the birth of Perez and Zerah, Judah's sons by Tamar; though he was the firstborn, Zerah nevertheless came out after Perez, Genesis 38:18-30. The reason this happened was that the truth of faith, which belongs to the understanding, seems to occupy the first place while a person is being regenerated, and the good of charity, which belongs to the will, seems to occupy the second. But in actual fact good occupies the first place, as is plain to see once the person has been regenerated. On this subject, see 3314, 3539, 3548, 3556, 3563, 3570, 3576, 3603, 3701, 4243, 4244, 4247, 4337, 4925, 4926.

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