1. INDEX OF WORDS, NAMES, AND SUBJECTS

A

Aaron (Aharon). Aaron denotes the doctrine of good and truth, 6998, 7009; the truth of doctrine which proceeds mediately from the Lord, 7009; the Lord as to good: shown, 9806; the external of the Word, the Church, and worship, separated from the internal: illustrated, 10397.

Moses denotes the Word in the internal sense; Aaron denotes doctrine therefrom, when they are named together, 7089. Moses denotes the internal law or truth; Aaron denotes the external law or truth, 7382. Moses denotes the internal; Aaron denotes the external, 10468. Aaron denotes the doctrine of truth from the external sense of the Word, and Hur denotes truth of that doctrine, 9424. The sons of Aaron denotes Divine Truth proceeding from Divine Good, 9807. The priesthood succeeded from Aaron to his sons, because they represented the Lord as to Celestial Divine Good; consequently the celestial kingdom is a kingdom of priests: briefly shown, 9946. The priesthood of Aaron, his sons, and the Levites denotes the work of the Lord's salvation in successive order, 10017. Aaron and his garments represent the higher heavens, thus the celestial kingdom, and his sons and their garments represent the lower heavens, or the spiritual kingdom, 10068.

Abel (Abel). Abel denotes charity, 342, 354.

Abib, The Month (Abib mensis). Abib denotes the beginning of a new state, 8053, 9291.

[Abide, To. See To DWELL.]

Abihu (Abihu). See NADAB.

[Ability. See MIGHTY and POWER.]

Abimelech (Abimelechus). Abimelech, because he denotes the doctrine of faith, also represents, in the supreme sense, the Lord, 3393, 3401; those who are in the doctrine of faith, and regard truths in cognitions, 3392; the doctrine of faith that regards rational things, 3391, 3397, 3447.

The king of the Philistines denotes doctrinal things, 3365, 3391. The king of Gerar denotes the doctrine of faith that regards rational things, 2504, 2509, 2510.

[Abodes. See MANSIONS.]

Abomination (abominatio). Abomination denotes the separation of perverted things from goods, 6052; infernal foulness and defilement, 7454. [The abomination of desolation denotes the state of the Church when there is no love and no charity, 2454:4, 3652.]

Abortion (abortus). See To BRING FORTH.

[About. See ROUND About.]

Above (supra). What is interior is expressed by that which is higher, 2148, 3084, 4599, 5146, 8325. Lower things may be seen from higher, not contrariwise, 8237. To look above and below self, 7814-7821. See CHARITY.

[Abraham (Abraham). See under ABRAM.]

Abram (Abram). Abram knew not Jehovah, 1356; was an idolater, 1356, and worshipped the god Shaddai, 1992; is unknown in heaven, 1834:3, 1876; but when he is named the Lord is understood, 1989.

What Abram signifies, 1732, 1741. What Abram the Hebrew signifies, 1702, 1741. Abram represents the Lord in that state and in that age, 1989; the common stock of the Church where the Word is, 3778, and the genuine Church, 4206, 4207. Because by Abram the Lord is represented, by him many things are represented, 1965, 3245. Abram was called Abraham, the letter H being inserted from Jehovah, so as to represents the Divine of the Lord, 2010.

Abraham knew not Jehovah, 7194; worshipped other gods, 3667:2; in the first state, worshipped other gods, 2559.

Abraham denotes the Lord in that state, 2501; also the Lord's Divine Human; when, 2833, 2836; represents the Lord, and more besides, 3245; represented the Divine of the Lord, which is the Father, and the Divine Human, which is the Son, but the Divine Human from eternity, 3251. Jehovah the God of Abraham denotes the Divine of the Lord, which Abraham represents, 3439. Jehovah the God of Abraham thy father denotes the Lord, that from Him is good, 3703. Abraham represents the Lord's Human as to Good; Sarah represents the Lord's Human as to Truth, 2172, 2198. Abraham and Keturah represents the Lord's Divine Spiritual, 3236. The sons of Abraham by Keturah represents the Lord's Spiritual Kingdom with derivations, 3239-3242.

The fathers of the Jews, as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, worshipped each his own god, 5998. See JEW. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob worshipped the god Shaddai, 3667:2. If the historicals were the Word, apart from the internal sense, many, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, would be esteemed as saints and as gods, when yet there is nothing more in them than in others, in the other life, 3229. When Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are named in the Word, the Lord is understood, in heaven, and as to the Divine Itself and the Divine Human: shown, 6804.

What is represented by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the supreme sense, or in the Lord; and what in the representative sense with man, 6098. Abraham signifies the Lord's Internal Man, and what Isaac and Jacob signifies, 1893. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob denotes the Lord, and the Lord as to the Human not yet made Divine, 7193; the Divine Life together, thus the Divine Itself, the Divine Rational, and the Divine Natural, 4615; in the supreme sense, the Lord; and, in the relative sense, internal and external good, 6276; heaven and the Church: illustrated, 10445; represents three things in the Lord, which are one, and three things in the Church, 6185. The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob denotes the Lord as to the Divine Itself and the Divine Human, 6847. A covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob denotes conjunction by means of the Divine Human of the Lord, 6804. The seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob denotes the goods and truths of heaven and the Church, 10445. What to swear by Abraham, Isaac, and. Jacob signifies, 6589. To sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob denotes to be with the Lord; and to come to Abraham's bosom denotes to be in the Lord, 3305:7. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob buried in the land of Canaan signifies regeneration and resurrection, because the Church was there, 6516.

[Abrech (Abrech). Abrech denotes adoration, 5323. See KNEE.]

Abscesses (apostemata). Abscesses in the cavity of the breast; who corresponds to them, 5188. See WOUND.

Abstract (abstractum). In heaven they think and speak by abstract things; why, 4380e, 8343, 8985, 9007. See PERSON.

Abyss (abyssus). Abyss denotes those who are in lusts and falsities, 18; temptations, also hell, 756, 845. Abysses, in that they are waters in plenty, denote truths of faith in abundance, also falsities from lusts; thence the hells: shown, 8278; temptations: shown, 8278:3; the hells as to falsities; and depths denote the hells as to evils, 8279. See also DEPTH. The abyss lying beneath denotes scientifics which are in the natural, 6431.

Accident, By (fortuitu). See FORTUNE.

Accurse, To (devovere). To accurse denotes casting out from the Church, and an extirpation of falsities from evil, 9193.

Acknowledge, To (agnoscere). It is one thing to know (scire), another to acknowledge, and another to have faith, 896. [See also under SCIENCE.]

Acquainted with, To be (nosse). See To KNOW and To COGNIZE.

Acquisition (acquisitio). What acquisition signifies, 1435, 1717, 1851. Acquisition denotes those things which are acquired; thus scientifics, truths, and goods, 1435, 1851, 4105, 4391, 4487, 6017; the scientific from which a man thinks, 1435; good and truth in general, 4391; truths acquired, 6017. Acquisition denotes truth, and substance denotes good, 4105. Acquisition denotes the good of truth, and purchase denotes truth, 4487.

Act, To (agere). Reagency is from agency, 6262. The conjunction of good and truth illustrated by agency and reagency, 10729:2. See REGENERATION.

Action (actio). See To ACT.

[Active. See To ACT.]

Adam (Adam). See MAN (homo). That the history of creation in the first chapters of Genesis is made-up history is illustrated from various things therein, 8891:2. Adam's nakedness is explained, 9960:19. See NAKEDNESS.

Add, To (addere). 'God hath gathered my reproach, and Jehovah will add another son,' from which words Joseph was named, denotes, in the supreme sense, the Lord as to the Divine Spiritual; in the internal sense, the Spiritual Kingdom, or the good of faith; in the external sense, salvation, also fructification and multiplication, 3969:4.

[Adhere, To. See To CLEAVE.

Adjure, To. See To SWEAR.

Admah and Zeboim (Adma et Zeboim). What Admah and Zeboim signifies, 1212.]

Adoration (adoratio). Adoration is described, 1153:2. There is no adoration unless there is charity, 1150. To fall upon the face was a mode of adoring with the ancients; why, 1999. [See also WORSHIP.]

Adornment (ornatus). Adornment denotes holy truth, also the Divine in externals: illustrated, 10536; shown, 10540.

Adullam (Adulla). Adullamite denotes truth which is from good; in the opposite sense, falsity which is from evil, 4816, 4854.

Adultery (adulterium). See also HARLOT. Everyone can know how impious adultery is, if he would think about it as a case of his own wife being thus deceived, 2733:3. The mercilessness and religious condition of adulterers, 2747. Adulterers wish to obsess men, 2752; are cruel, 824; excite pain in the loins and genital members, 5059, 5060. The greatest adulterers, when they apply themselves, induce pain in the periostea everywhere and heaviness in the stomach, 5714. Adulterers do not fear Divine and human laws, but they fear blows, 2748. How filthy their ideas are, 2747, 2748. Adulteries are also destructive of society, since all adulterers are in the love of self, 2045:2. Marriages are most holy, but adulteries are most profane, 9961:4; they are profane and from hell, 10174. They who take delight in adulteries do not believe those things which relate to heaven and the Church, because it is from the marriage of evil and falsity, which is infernal, 10175.

When anyone commits adultery on earth, heaven is closed against him; his character hereafter, 2750. Adulterers cannot come into heaven, 2747, 2748. It is impossible for them to enter into heaven, 827; they cannot approach to heaven, and adulteries are contrary to conjugial love, the laws of both kingdoms, and order, 2733:2. An adulterer approaching towards heaven rejected, 539. By accustomed blandishments adulterers insinuated themselves into societies, but were rejected, beaten, and at length associated with their like in the hells, 2753. Angelic bliss and felicity communicated to adulterers become nauseous, painful, and stinking, on which account they cast themselves together into hell, 2749.

Concerning the hells of those who have lived in adulteries and lasciviousness, see HELL. In their hells they love dirt and excrements, 2755. Concerning those who are most filthy; their filthiness is unmentionable; their character and hell, 5722. Adulterers are in the excrementitious hells, 5394. The most deceitful adulterers beyond others, are above the head: they ensnare by means of innocence and mercy; their hell is the most grievous, 2754. The hell of cruel adulterers is under the right foot, where those are who are of the Jewish nation; from experience, 5057. A body of adulterers which sends out investigators who report that they are against conjugial love, good and truth, and the Lord, 2751. Adulterers who are in contraries are they who ensnare in conjugial love, by means of love, friendship, and kindnesses; concerning whom from experience, 5060. The very grievous punishment of those who have communion of wives, 2756. One who by adulteries and whoredoms extinguished the desire for marriage and the procreation of offspring; his punishment, 2746. With the lascivious who have not extinguished the desire of procreating offspring there is heat, 2757. The hell of those from the Church who have lived in faith separated from charity, and in a life of evil, is under that of adulterers; the reason, 8137:2.

Adulteries denotes the perversions of truth and good, 3399; adulterations of good, and whoredoms denotes falsifications of truth; this is from representative things, 2466, 2729. To commit adultery (adulterari), whoredom (moechari), and fornication (scortari), denotes to pervert those things which relate to faith; thus to apply the Word to the confirmation of evils and falsities; in the internal, representative sense, to worship idols: shown, 8904. Prohibited degrees signify profanations of various kinds, 6348:2. The dog Cerebus denotes a guard lest anyone pass over from the heavenly delight of conjugial love to the opposite, 2743, 5051:2. See DOG.

[Adversary. See ENEMY.]

Afar (longinquum). To see from afar denotes to perceive remotely, 4723. To stand afar off denotes remoteness from internals, thus from good and truth: shown, 8918. To bow oneself from afar off denotes humiliation, also adoration from the heart, and then the influx of the Lord, 9377. See also NEAR.

Affection (affectio). See also LOVE, CHARITY. Affection is that which is continuous of love, 3339. What the delight of affection is, 3933e. See DELIGHTFULNESS. Celestial affections are altogether incomprehensible and inexpressible, 3339, 3857:3. Every affection contains in itself things innumerable; concerning which things; and the affection is the whole man, 3078, 3189. To one affection there are many subordinate affections, and these in an incomprehensible form, 3189. The quality of the love and affection of a man is known from the end; concerning which subject see 3796:2.

There is an affection of good and an affection of truth; what the distinction between them is, 1904, 1997. The quality of those who are in the affection of good, and that of those in the affection of truth; the distinction, 2425:2, 2429:2. There is an affection of rational truth, and that of scientific truth, 2503. The first affection in the natural man is not that of genuine truth, but the affection of this truth comes afterwards, 3040. What the genuine affection of truth is, and its nature; and what the affection of truth, not genuine, is, and its nature; the distinction, 8993:3. Affections, when they ascend or are elevated towards the interiors, become gentler, and other spiritual affections are substituted, 3909. The affection of truth appears to be from truth, but it is from good, 4373. All affections are bonds, and they are external and internal, 3835. Those who are in truths without affection, [who are man-servants,] and those who are in truths from affection, who are maid-servants; the distinction between them, 8994:3.

Affections are what excite truths and falsities, 2480e. The celestial angel’s form to themselves lights of affections, and then of ideas, from the affection of good and truth in the Word,2157, 2275. Conjunction is made by means of affections, 3939. The conjunction of truth with good is made by means of affection, 3024. By means of affections the implantation and conjunction of the love of good and truth are effected: illustrated, 4018. Truths are nothing without affections: illustrated, 3849. The affection of good is adjoined to truth in the natural man by the Lord, with man, and, through the affection of good, truths are produced, and so falsities and evils are removed, 3336:3. Affection is insinuated by means of refusal, 4366, 4368. Truth without affection does not enter, still less inhere, 3066. Affection always adjoins itself to the subjects which are implanted in the memory, and is, together with them, reproduced, 3336:2. Heavenly freedom is from the affection of truth and good, and infernal freedom, from the affection of falsity and evil, 2873. See FREEDOM. To imitate affections, as if they were heavenly, from the proprium, is infernal, 10309.

All affections have gestures corresponding to them, 2153. Affections are signified by little children, girls, young women, and daughters, but with a difference, 3067.

Affinity (affinitas). There are affinities of love and faith, 917. There are consanguinities and affinities relating to heavenly loves, 2739. With all things in man there are consanguinities and affinities, 2508, 2524, 2556. If men recognised and perceived what good is, they would then first know innumerable things: namely, the proximities of good and truth, such as they are in heaven, 3612. Societies in heaven are situated like consanguinities and affinities on earth, 685. All consanguinity in heaven is from good, and proceeds therefrom, 3815. Consanguinities and affinities in the other life take place according to good, 4121. To contract affinities denotes union, 4450.

Affirmative (affirmativum). The affirmative of good and truth must be the first thing of man's regeneration, 3923. There must be the affirmative of truth before the influx of good from the Lord can be received, 3913e. They who consult scientifics concerning Divine things, if they are in an affirmative state, are confirmed; if in a negative state, they are weakened, and at length believe nothing, 4760. The learned more than the simple denotes this; and they believe less, because they consult scientifics from a negative state, and so deprive themselves of interior sight, 4760:4.

Affliction (afflictio). Affliction is predicated respecting truth, 4060; denotes temptation, 1846, 5356; the means of arriving at good, 3864; infestation, 6663, 6851. To afflict denotes to infest by falsities of doctrine; to oppress denotes to infest by evils of life, 9196. By to afflict the soul is signified to compel to do good, 1947.

After (post). See also BACKWARDS. After denotes near to, 5216. After thee, what it signifies, 2019. To go after them, when spoken of the Divine, denotes to protect lest evils should flow into the voluntary, 8194. See also BACK. To be, go, walk after, denotes to follow and consociate with them: shown, 9251.

Agate, Ligure, Amethyst (achates, cyanus, amethystus). Agate, ligure, amethyst, denotes the spiritual love of good, or the internal good of the Spiritual Kingdom, 9870.

Age (aetas). Concerning the successive states of a man according to ages; the first is from birth to the fifth year, then there are ignorance and innocence; the second is from that age to the twentieth year, which is the state of instruction and knowledge; the third is from that age to the sixtieth year, which is the state of intelligence; and the fourth is the state of innocence in wisd.om,10225. Times, as times of a man's age, denotes states; concerning which, 3254.

Age (saeculum). An age, when mentioned with respect to the Church, denotes duration to the end; when spoken of heaven and the Lord, what is eternal; it is predicated in general of every Church, in particular of the celestial Church; it also denotes the world and the life there, likewise the life after it: shown, 10248. See also GENERATION.

[Aged, See OLD.

Agency. See TO ACT.

Agreement. See CONSENT.]

Aholiab (Aholiabus). Aholiab, who did the works, denotes those who are in the good and truth of faith,10329:4; with whom the Church was to be established, 10335.

Ai (Aja). What Bethel and Ai signifies, 1453, 1557.

Aid. See HELP.

[Alien. See STRANGERS.

Alive. See under LIFE.

Almighty. See OMNIPOTENCE and SHADDAI.]

Almonds (amygdaloe). Almonds denotes the goods of life corresponding to the truths of interior natural good, 5622. Almond-shaped bowls denotes scientifics from good, 9557.

Alone (solus). What to be alone or to dwell alone signifies, 139, 471.

Altar (altare). [See also under To ANOINT.] In ancient times heaps were made, and the altars were therefrom, 4192. The altar and the tent were polluted by the sins of the people: shown and illustrated, 10208:3.

The altar and the temple were the principal representatives of the Lord, 921, 2777, 2811; and altars primarily signified the Lord's Divine Human, as does the Holy Supper, 2811. Altar denotes what is holy of worship, 4541; also what is built in witness and memory: shown, 8623; a representative of the Lord, and the worship of Him, as to good: shown, 9714; the principal representative of the Lord, and the worship of Him: references, 10642; heaven and the Church as to the reception of good from the Lord: illustrated and shown, 10123, 10151; the representative of the Lord as to the Divine Good; statues denotes the same as to the Divine Truth, 9388, 9389.

The altar of Jehovah denotes the principal thing of the worship of the Lord, 8935, 8940, 9014; they who acted from deceit or hypocrisy were to be taken from the altar and die: shown, 9014:4. All things of the altar represented and signified; concerning which see 4489:2 To build an altar denotes, in the highest sense, sanctification, 4558. An altar from the ground denotes the principal representative of the worship of the Lord from good; but an altar from stone denotes the same from truth, 8935, 8940. Ashes of the altar denotes those things which are to be removed after uses; concerning which, 9723. The grate, the network, which was around the altar, denotes the sensual: illustrated, 9726. The vessels of the altar denotes scientific truths serving good, 9724, 9725, 10344. The foundation of the altar denotes the sensual, 10028. The altar of incense, see INCENSE. The altar of the nations denotes the representative of idolatrous worship, 10642:2. To enter into the tent of meeting denotes to represent all things of worship from spiritual good; to come near to the altar denotes to represent all things of worship from celestial good, 10242, 10245. To enter into the tent of meeting denotes to represent the Lord as to worship from Divine Truth, 9963; and to come near to the altar denotes to represent the Lord as to Divine Good, also as to worship, 9964.

[Alternations. See CHANGES.

Always (semper). See under To-DAY.

Amalek. See AMALEKITEl

Amalekite (Amalekita). Amalekites denotes the falsities by which truths are assaulted,1679. Amalek denotes falsity from interior evil: shown, 8593; concerning those who are represented by the Amalekites further; their character, 8622:2, 8625:2.

Amazement, To be Amazed (stupor, stupescere). To be astonished (obstupescere) denotes a sudden change of state, 5705.

Ambush (insidiae). See DECEIT.

Amethyst (amethystus). Ligure, agate, and amethyst denotes the spiritual love of good, or the internal good of the Spiritual Kingdom, 9870.

Ammon (Ammon). The sons of Ammon denotes those with whom truths are falsified; Moab, those with whom goods are adulterated, who nevertheless have been in natural good, 2468:15.

Amorite (Emmoraeus). Amorite denotes evil in general; and the inhabitants of the land of Canaan were called Amorites, 6306:4; evil and falsity; whence, 1857. Amorite [and Perizzite] denotes evil and falsity therefrom, 6859.

Anakim (Anakim, Enakim). See NEPHILIM [and PERSUASION].

Ancients. See under ANGEL.]

And (et). 'And' was used in the place of punctuation, as was also 'it came to pass,' 5578.

Angel (angelus). See also HEAVEN, [ARMY, and BEAUTY]. All spirits and angel’s have been men,1880; they appear as men; whence, 3633. Angels are forms of love and charity, 3804:2, 9879; they are images of love and charity under the human form, 4735:2; they are of ineffable beauty, and are as loves and charities in form, 4985; they are of ineffable beauty, because they are in the form of heaven, 5199. Those who are in hell appear to themselves, in their own light, as men, but looked into by angel’s, as devils and monsters; whence this is,4533. The deceitful, looked into by angel’s, appear as serpents and vipers,4533.

Concerning the spirits and angel’s with man,5846-5866, and 5976-5993. See MAN (homo). With every man there are evil spirits and angel’s,2887, 2888. According to the doctrine of the churches, in some measure, there are spirits from hell and angel’s from heaven with man,5979:2. Angels and spirits are always present with man, 968. There are two angel’s with man, because there are two kinds of them: celestial and spiritual,5978. That man may live, angel’s from heaven and spirits from hell must be adjoined to him,5993. Angels are successively with infants and children, 2303. A man is governed by means of spirits and angel’s, from the Lord,50, 697. All changes of state with motion, as to voluntary things as well as to intellectual things, are regulated by the Lord through spirits and angel’s,2796. Angels protect a man in various ways, they inspire goods, and this from love which is from the Lord, 5992; they rule over evil spirits, 1755. Angels with men do not attend, except to ends, 1645e; they bend evils toward goods, 5980. Spirits and angel’s perceive the interior things of man's thought,1931. Angels from certain societies see from causes what is with man, 4073e. Angels flow into the truths of faith with man: illustrated, 5893. See REGENERATION. Angels dwell in everyone's affection, 3464; they dwell with those who are in the good of faith, 2268; they feel exquisitely what enters with a man, 228. In spirits and angel’s every sense, except taste, is more exquisite than in man,1880, 1881.

Angels regard man as a brother, but evil spirits regard him as a vile slave, 2890. With what charity and joy those who are let in are received; they are received by angel’s into the heavens, and how they come into agreeable societies,2131. Celestial angel’s occupy the province of the heart, and two sit at the head, when a man is resuscitated from the dead,168-181; spiritual angel’s succeed them,132-189. Angels do not forsake the resuscitated man, but he desires to depart from them, 182. Because angel’s love everyone, they do not relinquish a soul, but it desires to depart from them, and dissociates itself,314-316; they are very indignant when compelled to retire, 4077.

A man, an angel, or a spirit is according to his love: illustrated, 10177. A man is in the society of such spirits or angel’s as he himself is; concerning which,4067:3, 4073:2, 4077:2. Angels who are in similar good know each other as if they had been acquainted from infancy, and it is from this that truths with man acknowledge and conjoin themselves, 9079:2.

There are three heavens; those of spirits, of angelic spirits, and of angel’s; in each of which there are both celestial and spiritual angel’s,459. The angel’s of the three heavens are subordinate to each other,1752; but the subordination is not that of command, 1802. Concerning the heavenly freedom in which angel’s are, see FREEDOM. The whole of an angel’s power is from the Lord,1752. There are angel’s who are nearer to the Lord and those who are remoter, or, who are interior and exterior,1802:2. The Lord appears to celestial angel’s as the Sun, to spiritual angel’s as the Moon,1529-1531.

Angels are continually being purified, and can never come to perfection, 4803. Evil is not separated from a man or an angel, but he is withheld from evil, and so held in good, 1581. Those who are in evil associate themselves with societies, those who are in good are adjoined by the Lord to them, 4073:2. The changes of angel’s' states appear in their faces according to the societies into which they come,4797; which things were seen, 4797. Angels appear in the heavens clad in garments 165; those who are likenesses of the Lord appear in radiance and white, after the likeness of the Lord in the transfiguration, 5530:2. Angels are veiled by a thin and suitable cloud lest they should be hurt by the Divine influx, 6849. See also FIRE.

What angel’s introduce beautiful dreams,1977. The influx of angel’s is like streams of flaming light,6209; it is into conscience, 6207, 6213. Conscience is from the combat of spirits and angel’s,227. In temptations there are indignations and many affections, 1917. Angels were with the Lord when He fought, 1705, 1752; He had societies of spirits and angel’s with Him, yet He took nothing from them, but through them from the Divine,4075. He admitted into Himself temptations from angel’s,4295:3. Angels have no name, but are named from their quality as to good, 1705; and are distinguished by goods and truths, 1754. The base and filthy things of infernal spirits are turned into milder things with angel’s,5981. See also SUBJECTS. Angels moderate penalties in the other life, but cannot take them away, 967. The angelic life consists in use and the goods of charity, 454.

They who are in love to the Lord and charity have angelic wisd.om in them, but obscurely; they come into it after death,2494. The wisd.om of angel’s continually increases in the other life, yet they cannot advance far beyond the first degree,6648. Nothing of an angel's intelligence and wisd.om is from himself, but from the Lord,4295:2. Angels are in wisd.om above that of man,3404, 3405. There are innumerable things which are apprehended by angel’s, but not by men,2786, 2795, 2796, 2802; they apprehend innumerable things of which man does not apprehend even the most general: exemplified, 3314; they comprehend and see innumerable things of which man knows not even that they are, still less what they are, 9176e. Angelic wisd.om is ineffable: illustrated, and from experience,9094. Angels are in wisd.om and intelligence, and in the principles of things, and they see all things which are beneath, because they are in celestial and spiritual love,2572:3. Thoughts and affections extend themselves far into angelic societies, 6598-6613. See To THINK. Angelic ideas are alive, because they refer natural things to spiritual, and to such as relate to man, 7847. The state of angel’s as to those things which relate to the memory,2493. Celestial angel’s form for themselves lights of ideas, from affection,2802; they never wish to name faith, but they perceive love, with a difference known to them, 202; with the spiritual angel’s it is otherwise,203.

The speech of spirits and angel’s,1634-1650. See To SPEAK and LANGUAGE. The difference of the speech of spirits, angelic spirits, and angel’s,1642. The speech of angelic spirits described, 1643. The speech of angel’s in the world of spirits appears like the light of a flame,1646. The case of thoughts and speech of angel’s is as internal things in the body are with respect to external,3347; for ideas they have ends and uses, 1645. The speech of celestial angel’s is distinct from that of spiritual angel’s, and is also more copious,1647; because they form for themselves lights of ideas from the affections in the Word, 2157; but the spiritual form significations of things, 2157, 2275. Because celestial angel’s derive all things from love, their speech is more incomprehensible than that of spiritual angel’s,880e. What angel’s speak of among themselves,5249e. When the wise ancients thought about God, they thought of the Divine Human, as angel’s do,6876:2. The state of angel’s when they speak, not from themselves, but from the Lord,1745:2. How it is with angel’s, when the Lord speaks by means of them, that they know not but that they are the Lord,1925. The man of the Most Ancient Church spake with angel’s, but not those afterwards, they spake, but in another manner,784. I have spoken with spirits and angel’s; and man was so created that he might speak with them,5, 67-69, 1880. See TO SPEAK. Angels see nothing that is in the solar world; they have seen through my eyes, 1880; when this first happened, it was regarded as a miracle, 1880:2. Heaven and earth were so united from their first creation, 1880:2. It is dangerous for man to have heaven opened to him, 784e.

The internal sense is for angel’s, and to them it is precious, though of slight account with man,2540:2, 2541, 2545, 2551, 2574:3. Many things in the internal sense come within the angelic apprehension, because angel’s are in the light of heaven, which do not come within man's apprehension, because he is in the light of the world,2618, 2619, 2629e. Because the Word in the highest sense treats of the Lord's glorification, and in the representative sense of man's regeneration, therefore, they who are in the Lord enter into angelic wisd.om and happiness,5688e.

The Lord as to the Divine Human is called the angel of Jehovah; the reason is that the Human Divine formerly appeared as an angel when Jehovah or the Divine Itself passed through heaven, 6831. The Lord is an angel, and is called an angel as to the Divine Human: briefly shown, 9303. The man who receives the Divine is also called an angel: shown, 10528. Many are called an angel, and named an angel, as Michael, which denotes the function, 8192:3. See GOD. An angel, in the supreme sense, denotes the Lord as to the Divine Human, and also the Divine of the Lord with angel’s and men: briefly shown,10528. The Lord is understood by angel’s in the Word, but what with respect to the Lord is signified appears from the series,1925e. By angel’s are signified the Lord, and why,3039; and an angel denotes the Divine Providence, 3039. An angel signifies something of the Lord, 2821; and the reason is that angel’s do not speak from themselves, and do not attribute good and truth to themselves,4085. Angels denotes Divine Truth: illustrated, 8192:2. Two angel’s signify the Divine Human and the Holy which proceeds from the Lord,2319. The redeeming angel is the Lord's Divine Human, and the Lord is called an angel: shown, 6280. The Sent, as the Lord called Himself, is the angel of Jehovah: shown 6831. The angel’s of God met him, denotes enlightenment,4235.

Anger (ira). Anger is described as being a flame in the understanding breaking forth from the fire, when love is assailed: illustrated, 9144. Anger and evil are from man, and not from the Lord, although they are attributed to Him: references, 9306:4. When anger is attributed to God, it is with man: shown, 5798; also to the Lord, when yet it is with man, 8483; and to Jehovah; the reasons: shown, 6997:3. The love and mercy of the Lord appear to the evil as anger, when they are punished; thence it is called anger: shown, 8875. Zeal has good in it; anger, evil, 4164. Anger is predicated of evil, wrath of falsity, 6358, 6359.

Anger signifies departure from charity, 357e. Anger denotes to be indignant, in which there is nothing of anger, 3909; aversion; the reason, 5034; aversion and assault: shown, 5798: sadness of spirit or understanding, 5887, 5888; evil, because it is from evil, and not from good, thus not from the Lord, although attributed to Him: illustrated, 10618:2. To burn with anger, when spoken of the Lord, denotes aversion on the part of man: illustrated, 10431. Long-suffering as to angers, denotes to endure evils long, and the Divine clemency, 10618. The anger of Jehovah denotes clemency and mercy, 6997; punishment and damnation: shown, 6997:6. The wrath of Jehovah denotes the fury of lusts and the endeavour to offer violence, on the part of the evil, 8284. Wrath and anger denotes resistances and also punishments; wrath is predicated of truth and falsity; anger of good and evil, 3614. Fire denotes anger: shown, 9143.

Animal (animal). See BEAST [and BRUTES.

Animal, Wild. See WILD BEAST.]

Anoint, To, Anointing, Ointment (ungere, unctio, unguentum). See here what is said concerning OIL. They anointed stones, arms of war, the altar, and similar things, priests, prophets, kings, and themselves: shown and explained, 9954. They anointed themselves with common oil, and not with the oil of holiness: shown, 9954:20. To anoint denotes to induce representation, 10268; inauguration for the purpose of representing the Lord as to the Divine Good, thus for the purpose of representing the good of love from Him: shown, 9954, 10285. To anoint a pillar, 3728, 4090. See PILLAR. The Anointed, king, and Divine Truth are the same, 3009. See CHRIST. The Anointed of Jehovah denotes the Lord as to the Divine Human: shown, 9954:11.

Anointing denotes inauguration for the purpose of representing, 9474. See also OIL. Anointing upon the head represented upon the whole Human of the Lord: shown, 10011. By anointing was represented the Divine Good, and by filling the hand, the Divine Truth and the power therefrom, 10019.

Ointment of ointment, and a dealer in ointment, 10264, 10265. See SPICE.

Answer, To (respondere). To answer, when assented to, denotes what is reciprocal, 2919, 4096; whence: shown, 8340; also reception, 2941, 2957; cognition, 5255; perception, 5472. To answer and say denotes thought, 6943. To answer in a cause denotes to declare an opinion, and judge, 9252. A Divine answer denotes the Divine Truth from which it is, 8824.

Antediluvians (antediluniani). See FLOOD.

Antipodes (antipodes). Navigation round the world cannot be comprehended by many, nor how the antipodes stand on their feet, 1378.

Anxiety (anxietas). See SAD.

Apollyon (Apollyon). Apollyon denotes the reasoning from falsities which appears as if from truths, and from philosophical considerations wrongly applied, 7643.

Apostles (apostoli). The apostles believed that they were to be great in heaven, 3417:2. What is signified by the apostles sitting upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel, 2129:2; they cannot judge any single thing appertaining to man, 2129:2, 2553:2. The twelve apostles signified all things of faith, both its good and its truth, 3488 See TWELVE. Concerning the tribes and the apostles, it is said they are to judge, but this denotes the truths which are signified by them, 6397:2.

The disciples at first held no other opinion concerning the Lord than that which the Jews held concerning the Messiah, and, further, concerning the heavenly kingdom than that there would be sub-ordinations as in an earthly kingdom, 3857:6. The disciples of the Lord represented all who are of the Church, 3354. The twelve disciples denotes all things of love and faith, as the twelve tribes, 3858:16. See also TRIBES.

[Apparel. See GARMENT.]

Appear, To (apparere). Jehovah appearing to him denotes from the Divine, 3367, 3438.

Appearance (apparentia). See also FALLACY, [TRUTH, and WORD.] In the Word of the Lord much is spoken according to appearances, 589, 735, 926, 1838, 1874. Appearances of truth; what they are; adapted as if they were truths, 1832:2; examples, 3207:3. There are no pure truths with man, neither with angel’s, but in the Lord alone,3207:3. The truths of man are appearances, 2196:2, 2203, 2209, 2242:2. Appearances of truth with angel’s, and with men who are in good, are received by the Lord as truths,3207. The doctrine of faith is invested with such appearances as are from human conditions, 2719, 2723. Those appearances are listened to as truths which belong to doctrinals, 3364, 3365. See To APPEAR. Rational things are appearances of truth, 3368:2. Truths Divine flow in by means of appearances with angel’s and men, otherwise they could not at all be apprehended,3362; they are in appearances with angel’s and men, because Divine things cannot otherwise be apprehended,3364e, 3356e. Appearances of truth are and exist by means of influx from the Divine of the Lord into rational things, and therefrom into natural things, where they are presented as an image of many things in a mirror, so that those which are in heaven appertaining to the angel’s are presented in the world of spirits, from which are representations,3368:3. Representations in the other life are appearances, but living, thus real, which are from the light of heaven, which is wisd.om and life from the Lord; but those which are in the light of the world are relatively not real, except so far as they are conjoined with those which are of the light of heaven,3485. Appearances of truth are of a threefold degree, 3357-3360, 3362. Appearances are the truths which belong to man; exemplified from space or place, 3387e. On the appearances of a higher degree, which appertain to the angel’s; from the example of eternity, which to them is a state,3404:2. Appearances of truth of a higher degree far exceed in perfection and abundance those which are in men, 3405; those of a lower degree exemplified from the saying that some were to be great in heaven, 3417. The Lord was also in appearances, but these He put off, 3405.

[Apperception. See PERCEPTION.]

Appetite (appetitus). Appetite corresponds to the desire to know (sciendi) and be wise, 4792.

Approach, To (appropinquare). See NEAR, [and To COME NEAR.] To approach denotes influx, 8159; conjunction, 9997, 10001; when used of the beast for the sacrifice, denotes application for the purpose of purification, 10021. To approach before Jehovah denotes a state of reception and application to that state; on which, 8439. To approach unto God denotes to think from the faith of charity about the Divine, 6843. To approach and be near denotes conjunction and presence: illustrated and shown, 9378.

[Appropriation. See under INFLUX.]

Arabia (Arabia). See KEDAR.

Aram (Aram). See SYRIA.

[Aram Naharaim. See SYRIA.]

Ararat (Ararath). Mount Ararat denotes the light (lumen) of one regenerated, 854, 855.

[Arcanum. See WORD.

Archer. See under BOW.]

Architecture (architectura). How stupendous it is in the other life, 1627, 1628, 1629.

Arise, To (surgere). To arise signifies some elevation, 2401, 2785, 2912, 2927, 4103; elevation, and man is said to be elevated by means of spiritual and celestial things, 3171, 4103. To arise denotes elevation into a state of light, 4881, 6010; elucidation, 6010. To arise in the morning denotes to be elevated to heaven, and, in the opposite sense, to be depressed to hell, 10413. See MORNING. To arise in the morning, when spoken of the evil, denotes elevation to attention, 7435. To arise early in the morning denotes a state of enlightenment, 3458, 3723. The interiors are elevated: see To BE ELEVATED and To ASCEND.

Aristotle (Aristoteles). On the scholastics and metaphysicians; several matters about Aristotle, 4658. Aristotle's thought about the Supreme Deity, the Lord, and the spirit of man, 4658:4. Concerning the woman seen by Aristotle, 4658:5.

Ark (arca). Noah's Ark. What is signified by the ark, 639.

Joseph's Ark. An ark, being that in which something is concealed, thus denotes concealment; hence the Ark of the Testimony because the law was therein, 6596.

Moses' Ark. Moses, when an infant, was placed in a little ark, because he represented the Divine Law and the Lord as to the Divine Law, 6723:3. A coffer of bulrush denotes what is mean, but still derived from truth, 6723, 6732.

The Ark of the Testimony. [See also Joseph's Ark.] The Divine Law was in the ark, and the ark represented the Lord as to the Divine Law, 6723:3. The ark denotes the inmost heaven, where the Lord is: shown, 9485. The tent and the ark represented heaven, where the Lord is, 9457, 9481:2.

[Arkites (Arki). What the Arkites signifies, 1205.

Arm (brachium). See HAND and SHOULDER. The body exercises its forces and powers by means of the arms and hands, 4933. A naked arm, in the other life, is of such great power, 878e. The naked arm was seen bent forward, 4934, 4935. Those in the Grand Man who correspond to the hands, arms, and shoulders, are they who are in power by means of the faith of truth from good, 4932.

Hands, arms, and shoulders are predicated respecting truth, by which are signified powers, in the internal sense, 3091. Arms, power, 574; strength: references, 10019:6. Arms signify strength, and hands, power, 4934. Hands signify power, and arm, still greater power, 1085. The arm of Jehovah denotes the Lord as to the Divine Human, 8099:3. To make flesh his arm denotes to trust in himself and to what is his own, and not to the Divine, 10283:7. A stretched-out arm, when spoken of the Lord, denotes Divine Power, 7205. An arm not stretched out, but bent, signifies power in the general sense, 7205. When it is said, respecting Jehovah, that He stretched out the hand or arm, it denotes unlimited or infinite power in action, 7673. The right hand of God, and the arm of His strength, signifies the Lord as to the Divine Truth, 8281:5.

Armlet. See BRACELETS.

Arms. See WEAPONS.]

Army (exercitus). The sons of Israel were divided into armies that they might represent the Lord's kingdom as to goods and truths, 7236. Jehovah Zebaoth, or of Hosts, was so called from Divine truths, and because He fights for man, 3448:6. Angels are called the hosts of Jehovah, also the sun, moon, and stars; and the Lord is, therefore, Jehovah of Hosts: shown, 7988:5.

By armies are signified truths, and, in the opposite sense, falsities, because by these there is combat: shown, 3448:8. Armies denotes the genera and species of good in truths, 7236. As to armies denotes that they are distinct as to the quality of good from truth, 8019. The armies of Jehovah denotes goods and truths: shown, 7988. The armies of Pharaoh denotes falsities from evils, thus those who are in faith separated, and in a life of evil, 8138. The horses of Pharaoh and the Egyptians denotes scientifics from a perverse understanding; horsemen, reasonings therefrom; chariots, the doctrinals of falsity; armies, the falsities themselves, 8146:3, 8148. War in general and weapons of war signify spiritual combats; such armies are the truths and goods by which they are fought. See WAR, BOW, SWORD, SHIELD, and ENEMY.

[Aromatics. See SPICE.

Around. See ROUND ABOUT.]

Arphaxad (Arphachschad). What Arphaxad signifies, 1230, 1339, 1341.

Arrogance (fastus). See LOVE OF SELF.

Arrow (sagitta). See BOW.

[Arrow-Snake. See under SERPENT.

Arsenal (armamnentarium). Arsenals signify such things as are of truths fighting against falsity, and, in the opposite sense, of falsity fighting against truths, 6661:2. See also STOREHOUSES.]

Art (ars). The arts of magicians unknown in the world, 831.

Artificer (artilex). Artificer denotes one who is wise, intelligent, knowing, 424.

Ascend, To (ascendere). [See also To ARISE.] What to ascend signifies, 1543. To ascend refers to what is external, and denotes from the exterior to the interior, 3084. To ascend is predicated respecting going towards interiors: shown, 4539, 4969; it denotes elevation towards interiors, 5817, 6007; also to recede and depart; concerning which signification, 5964; to conjoin, 8760; conjunction, 9373. God ascended from above him in that place denotes the Divine in that state, 4578. To ascend denotes going towards interiors; to descend denotes towards exteriors, 5406.

Asher (Ascher). Asher was so called from blessedness; what Asher signifies, 3938, 3939. See BLESSEDNESS. Asher denotes the blessing of the affections, 6408.

Ashes (cinis). [See also under ALTAR.] Ashes denotes falsity from the evil of lusts, 7520. Ashes of the altar denotes those things which are to be removed after use, lest they should oppose other uses: shown, 9723. Cinders of the furnace denotes falsities of lusts, 7519, 7520.

Ashkenaz (Askenas). What Ashkenaz S., 1154.

Ask, To, Asking (interrogare, interrogatio). Why men are asked by the Lord, when yet He knows all things, 2693; shown, 6132. To ask denotes to examine, 3385; and to perceive the thought of another; the reason, 5597, 5800. Questions in the sense of the letter, in the supreme sense, denotes acknowledgment, 4358; also cognition from perception, 6250. To ask Jehovah, when it relates to the Lord, denotes a state of communication, 3291; to be instructed in the truths and goods of the Church and worship, 10548.

Ass, She-Ass (asinus, asina). [See also OX.] A judge rode on a she-ass, the sons of a judge on young asses, a king on a she-mule, his sons on mules, 2871. How the Lord's riding on a she-ass is a sign of the highest judgment and kingdom is explained, 9212:5. What ass and she-ass signifies, 1486. Ass denotes a scientific, 5492; the natural, 8078. Asses denotes scientifics, 5958; also she-asses, 5959. Asses, when they served for riding, denotes rational truth, because this was a sign of the judicial office and kingship; but asses which served for carrying burdens denotes scientifics, 5741:2. To ride upon an ass denotes to serve the intelligence, 7024. A bony ass denotes the lowest service, 6389. The firstborn of an ass denotes the mind merely natural, 8078. The son of a she-ass denotes rational truth, 2781:5. What is signified by the Lord riding on a she-ass and a foal, 2781:8. Ass denotes natural truth, and mule denotes rational truth: shown, 2781. What ploughing with an ox and an ass together signifies, 10669:5.

Ass, Wild (onager). Wild ass denotes rational truth; described, 1949-1951.

Assembly (coetus). See CONGREGATION [and To MEET (convenire).]

Asshur (Aschur). Asshur signifies the rational mind, 119; reason and ratiocination, 1186.

Assyria (Assyria). See ASSHUR.

[Astonished, To be. See under AMAZEMENT.]

Asylum (asylum). They who injure anyone as to spiritual life by means of falsities of religion which they believed to be truths, were represented by those who fled to an asylum: shown, 9011.

Atmosphere (atmosphaera). Into all forms that subsist intrinsic and extrinsic forces act; inward forces are alive, outward forces are not alive, but they correspond to each other, 3628:2. They who are from the Most Ancient Church have delightful auras, 1116. The atmospheres in the other life, 1621. There are most beautiful atmospheres around infants, 2297.

Attraction (attractio). The life which is from the Lord appears attractive: shown, 8604:3. All love appears attractive, 8604:3.

Aura (aura). See ATMOSPHERE.

Authority (auctoritas). The sphere of authority belonging to a certain one born into dignity, 1507. The sphere of authority is tempered by goodness, and honour is bestowed on those who are born into authority, 1508.

Avarice (avaritia). Concerning the Jews and the robbers in the desert, 940. Concerning the sordidly avaricious and their hells; they are infested by mice, 938, 954; they are where there are excoriated bogs, 939. Into what phantasies avarice is turned, in the other life, 954. They who are in filthy avarice are in the love of self more than others, although it does not so appear outwardly, and thence they are against all good whatsoever, 4751:2. The avaricious who are in the higher part of the stomach infuse anxieties, 6202.

Avert, To (avertere). See To TURN.

Awake, To (expergisci). To awake denotes to be enlightened, 3715, 5208. 5218.

Axe (securis). What is signified by an axe to cut wood in a forest, 9011:3. See WOOD.

[Azure. See BLUE.]

1965. This then is the internal sense of the details in this chapter concerning Abram, Hagar, and Ishmael. Yet how inexhaustible that sense is, that is, how limitless the details it contains, may be seen from the single consideration that, as every single thing in the Word looks in the internal sense to the Lord and has the Lord as its subject, the life of the Word, being the Word itself, arises out of this. In addition every single thing has at the same time in the internal sense the Lord's kingdom in heaven as its subject, and also His kingdom on earth, which is the Church. And in a similar way it has as its subject each individual who has the Lord's kingdom within him, besides having in general everything celestial or spiritual as its subject. For the Lord is the source of all these things, and this accounts for Abram's also representing the celestial Church, the celestial man, as well as the celestial itself, and so on. To extend the explanation any further however would take much too long.

3858. Since the subject in the verses that follow now is the twelve sons of Jacob, and since the twelve tribes of Israel were named after them as their fathers, let an introductory statement be made here about what the tribes mean and why there were twelve. Nobody as yet has known the arcanum lying within these considerations, for people have believed that the historical descriptions of the Word are purely history and hold nothing more of the Divine within them than their ability to be made to apply to matters of a holy nature when these are under discussion. Consequently they have also believed that the twelve tribes meant nothing else than the divisions of the Israelitish people into so many separate nations or general families, when in fact Divine realities are implied in those tribes. That is to say, those tribes mean so many universal divisions of faith and love and so mean things that constitute the Lord's kingdom in heaven and on earth, each tribe in particular meaning some universal division. But what exactly each tribe means will be evident from the verses that follow directly after this, where the subject is the sons of Jacob after whom the twelve tribes were named. In general the twelve tribes meant everything constituting the doctrine of truth and good, that is, of faith and love; for these - that is to say, truth and good, or faith and love - constitute the Lord's kingdom, since what are essentially matters of truth or faith constitute the whole of thought there, and what are essentially matters of good or love constitute the whole of affection. And because the Jewish Church was established so as to represent the Lord's kingdom the divisions of that people into twelve tribes therefore meant those things of His kingdom. This is an arcanum which has not previously been disclosed.

[2] Twelve means all things in general, as shown already in 577, 2089, 2129, 2130 (end), 3272, while 'tribes' means matters of truth and good, or of faith and love, so that 'the twelve tribes' means all of these. Let this meaning of 'the twelve tribes' be substantiated here from the Word before each one is dealt with individually. In John,

The holy city New Jerusalem, having twelve gates, and above the gates twelve angels, and names written which are those of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel. The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. He measured the city with the measuring rod, twelve thousand stadia. And he measured its wall, a hundred and forty-four cubits, which is the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. The twelve gates were twelve pearls. Revelation 21:12, 14, 16-17, 21.

'The holy city', or the New Jerusalem, means the Lord's new Church, as is evident from each detail of this description. Previous chapters refer to what the condition of the Church was going to be like before its end; this chapter refers to a new Church. That being so, 'the gates', 'the wall', 'the foundations' mean nothing else than things constituting the Church, which are those of charity and faith since these constitute the Church.

[3] From this it may be clear to anyone that 'twelve' used so many times in that description, also 'tribes', and 'apostles' too, are not used to mean twelve, or tribes, or apostles, but that 'twelve' is used to mean all things in their entirety; see what has been shown in 577, 2089, 2129, 2130 (end), 3272. The same is true of the number 'a hundred and forty-four', for this is twelve twelves. And since 'twelve' means all things it is evident that 'the twelve tribes' means all things constituting the Church, which, as stated above, are truth and good, or faith and love. The same is also true of 'the twelve apostles' who as well represented all things constituting the Church, that is, all things of faith and love, see 2129, 3354, 3488, 3857. That number is therefore called 'the measure of a man, that is, of an angel', by which is meant a state of truth and good. For 'measure' means state, see 3104, and 'man' means that which constitutes the Church, as is evident from things said about the meaning of 'man' in 478, 479, 565, 768, 1871, 1894, and also from the fact that the Lord's kingdom is called the Grand Man, which it is called by virtue of good and truth which come from the Lord, dealt with at the ends of chapters in 3624-3649, 3741-3750. And 'angel' has the same meaning, 1705, 1754, 1925, 2821, 3039.

[4] As in John, so also in the Prophets, in the Old Testament Word, is the new Jerusalem referred to, where in a similar way the Lord's new Church is meant, as in Isaiah 65:18-19, and following verses; in Zechariah 14; and in particular in Ezekiel, Chapters 40-48, where the new Jerusalem, the new Temple, and a new earth describe in the internal sense the Lord's kingdom in heaven, and the Lord's kingdom on earth, which is the Church. The contents of those chapters, plainer than anywhere else, show what 'earth', 'Jerusalem', 'Temple', and everything in them meant, and also what 'the twelve tribes' means. For the subject of those chapters is the division of the land and the inheritance of it according to tribes, as well as the city and its walls, foundation, and gates, and everything that was to go with the Temple there. From those chapters let simply matters relating to the tribes be quoted here,

The Lord Jehovih said, This is the boundary of your inheritance of the land, according to the twelve tribes of Israel. You shall divide this land according to the tribes of Israel. But you shall divide it by lot as an inheritance, and for sojourners sojourning in your midst. They shall cast lots with you for an inheritance in the midst of the tribes of Israel. Ezekiel 47:13, 21-23.

As regards the land, it will be for the prince as a possession in Israel. And the princes will no longer oppress My people, and the land they will give to the house of Israel according to their tribes. Ezekiel 45:8.

Concerning inheritances and how they were assigned to individual tribes which are also referred to there by name, see Ezekiel 48:1 and following verses; and concerning the gates of the city which are named after the tribes of Israel, verses 31-34 of the same chapter.

[5] Quite plainly, when the tribes are spoken of here it is not the tribes who are meant, for by that time ten tribes had long since been scattered throughout the whole world, and had not subsequently returned. Nor can they possibly return, for they have become gentiles. And yet reference is made to each individual tribe, and to how it was to inherit the land and what its boundary was to be. What the boundary for the tribe of Dan was to be is stated in verse 2; what the boundary for the tribe of Asher was to be in verse 3; what those of Naphtali, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben, and Judah were to be, and concerning the inheritance of the Levites; and what the boundaries of Benjamin, Simeon, Issachar, Zebulun, and Gad were to be in verses 4-29. In addition to all this that chapter declares that the city was to have twelve gates named after the tribes of Israel - three gates facing north, those of Reuben, Judah, and Levi; three gates facing east, those of Joseph, Benjamin, and Dan; three gates facing south, those of Simeon, Issachar and Zebulun; and three gates facing west, those of Gad, Asher, and Naphtali, in verses 31-34.

[6] From all this it is evident that 'the twelve tribes' means all things that belong to the Lord's kingdom, and so all that are matters of faith and love, for these constitute the Lord's kingdom, as stated above. Because the twelve tribes meant all things of the Lord's kingdom they also represented that kingdom by their encampments and by their travellings. In Moses it is said that they were to encamp according to the tribes around the Tent of Meeting - to the east, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; to the south, Reuben, Simeon, and Gad; to the west, Ephraim Manasseh, and Benjamin; and to the north, Dan, Asher, and Naphtali, and as they were encamped so they travelled, Numbers 2:1-end. In all this they represented the Lord's kingdom, as is quite evident from Balaam's prophecy,

When Balaam lifted up his eyes and saw Israel dwelling according to tribes, the Spirit of God came upon him and he delivered his utterance, and said, How good your tabernacles are, O Jacob; your dwelling-places, O Israel! They are like valleys that are planted, like gardens beside a river, like aloes Jehovah has planted, like cedars beside the waters. Numbers 24:2-3, 5-6.

The fact that Balaam received from Jehovah these words spoken by him is explicitly stated in Numbers 22:8, 18-19, 35, 38; 23:5, 12, 16, 26; 24:2, 13.

[7] From this also it is evident what the inheritances of the land of Canaan according to tribes represented, in connection with which it is said in Moses that he was to take a census of the congregation of the children of Israel, according to their fathers' houses; a census of those twenty or more years old, everyone going into the army of Israel. The land was to be distributed by lot; according to the names of their fathers' tribes they were to receive an inheritance, Numbers 26:2, 7-56; 33:54; 34:19-29. And Joshua's actual division of the land by lot according to tribes is described in Chapters 13, 15, 19 of the Book of Joshua. From these particular details it is evident that the Lord's kingdom was represented, as has been stated; for the land of Canaan meant that kingdom, see 1585, 1607, 3038, 3481, 3705.

[8] The reason why they are called 'armies' and why it is said that 'they encamped according to their armies and travelled according to their armies', Numbers 2:4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21-23, 26, 28, 30, is that 'an army' had the same meaning [as 'a tribe'], namely truths and goods, see 3448. And the Lord is called Jehovah Zebaoth or 'Jehovah of Armies (or Hosts)' 3448. They were for these reasons called 'the armies of Jehovah' when they departed from Egypt, as in Moses,

It happened at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, on that same day it happened that all the armies of Jehovah were to come out of the land of Egypt. Exodus 12:41.

Anyone may recognize that such people in Egypt, and after that in the wilderness, were not called 'the armies of Jehovah' except in a representative sense, for no good or truth was present in them, the worst of all nations.

[9] From this it is also quite evident what was meant by the names of the twelve tribes on Aaron's breastplate, which was called the Urim and Thummim. Concerning the breastplate the following is said in Moses,

There shall be four rows in it and twelve stones. These stones shall be according to the names of the sons of Israel, twelve according to their names. The engravings of a signet, for each one over its name, there shall be for the twelve tribes. Exodus 28:17, 21; 39:14.

For 'Aaron' represented the Lord's Divine priesthood, and therefore all the vestments worn by him as high priest meant Divine celestial and spiritual things. But the exact meaning of those vestments will in the Lord's Divine mercy be clear where they are the subject. Since the breastplate itself was most holy, the names of it were representations of all the essential characteristics of love and faith in the Lord. These are the Urim and Thummim. The reason why the names were engraved on the precious stones was that 'stones' in general meant truths, 1298, 3720, and 'precious stones' truths shining through from good, 114. And because the name of each individual tribe meant some essential characteristic, a specific stone was also allocated for each tribe, Exodus 28:17-20; 39:10-13, which expressed by means of its colour and transparence the characteristic meant by that tribe. This was how Jehovah or the Lord gave answers by means of the Urim and Thummim.

[10] The two shoham stones which were on the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod had a similar representation but in a lesser degree than the twelve stones on the breastplate. For 'the shoulders' meant all power, and so the Lord's omnipotence, 1085, whereas 'the breast' or heart and lungs meant Divine celestial and spiritual love - 'the heart' Divine celestial love, 'the lungs' Divine spiritual love, see 3635 and the end of the present chapter where the Grand Man and its correspondence with the province of the heart and the province of the lungs is the subject. The two stones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod are referred to in Moses as follows,

You shall take two shoham stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel, six of the names on one stone and the remaining six names on the other stone, according to their births. You shall put two stones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel. Exodus 28:9-12; 39:6-7.

[11] Because 'the tribes' meant what are essentially matters of truth and good, or faith and love, and each tribe meant some universal aspect of these, and since the tribe of Levi meant love, as will be evident from the explanation at verse 34 below, one can therefore recognize what was meant by their placing rods, one for each tribe, in the Tent of Meeting and by Levi's rod alone blossoming with almonds. All this is described in Moses as follows,

He was told to take twelve rods, one rod for each head of their fathers' houses, and these were to be left in the Tent of Meeting, the name of Aaron being written on the rod of Levi. Aaron's rod was placed in the middle of them. And the next day, behold, Aaron's rod for the tribe of Levi had blossomed; it had produced buds, ¹ so that it flowered and produced almonds. Numbers 17:2-8.

These occurrences meant that love was the essential, also the first and foremost, thing of all in the Lord's kingdom and that love is the source of all fruitfulness. And the reason why Aaron's name was on the rod was that Aaron represented the Lord as regards His Divine priesthood. For by the Lord's priesthood is meant Divine Good, which essentially is His love and mercy, and by the Lord's kingship is meant Divine Truth which stems from Divine Good, see 1728, 2015 (end), 3670.

[12] From what has been introduced so far one may now see what 'tribes' and 'the twelve tribes' mean in the following places: In John,

I heard the number of the sealed, a hundred and forty-four thousand sealed out of every tribe of Israel - twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Judah, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Reuben, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Gad, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Asher, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Naphtali, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Manasseh, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Simeon, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Levi, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Issachar, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Joseph, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Benjamin. Revelation 7:4-8.

In Moses,

Remember the days of old, understand the years of generation after generation.

When the Most High gave to the nations an inheritance, when He separated the sons of man, He fixed the boundaries of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel. Deuteronomy 32:7-8.

In David,

Jerusalem, built as a city which is closely compacted together, to which the tribes go up, the tribes of Jah, a testimony to Israel, to confess the name of Jehovah. Psalms 122:3-4.

[13] In Joshua, who was told,

The Ark of the Covenant of the Lord of all the earth is going to pass over before you into the Jordan. Take twelve men from the tribes of Israel, one man from each tribe. And it will happen when the soles of the feet of the priests bearing the Ark of Jehovah, the Lord of all the earth, rest in the waters of the Jordan, that the waters of the Jordan will be cut off. They will stand in one heap. Joshua 3:11-17.

And further,

Take out of the midst of the Jordan, from the places where the priests' feet stood, twelve stones which you are to prepare and carry with you. And let each man take a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of Israel, that it may be a sign that the waters of the Jordan were cut off. Moreover Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, beneath the places where the feet of the priests bearing the Ark of the Covenant had stood. Joshua 4:1-9.

Also in the description about Elijah,

Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word had come, Israel shall be your name; and he built an altar to the name of Jehovah. 1 Kings 18:31-32.

[14] That 'the tribes' means the goods of love and the truths of faith is also clear from the Lord's words in Matthew,

Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and glory. Matthew 24:30.

Here 'all the tribes of the earth will mourn' means that the acknowledgement of truth and the life of good will not exist any longer, for the subject in that chapter is the close of the age. Similarly in John,

Behold, He is coming with clouds, and every eye will see Him, and those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will wail over Him. Revelation 1:7.

What 'coming in the clouds of heaven' means, see Preface to Genesis 18. See in addition what I have been shown from experience about the number 'twelve', in 2129, 2130.

[15] The reason why all things of faith and love are called 'tribes' is that the same expression in the original language also means a sceptre and a rod. For 'a sceptre' and also 'a rod' mean power, as will in the Lord's Divine mercy be shown elsewhere. For this reason the noun 'tribe' entails the idea that forms of good and truth possess within them all power from the Lord. And angels too are therefore referred to as 'powers' and also 'principalities', for 'princes' means the first and foremost aspects of charity and faith, such as the twelve princes descended from Ishmael, Genesis 25:16, see 2089, as well as the princes who were leaders of the tribes, Numbers 7; 13:4-16.

[16] From what has been said up to now about the twelve tribes one can recognize why the Lord's disciples, who later on were called apostles, were twelve in number, and that like the tribes they represented the Lord's Church as regards goods and truths, 2129, 3354, 3488, 3857. 'Peter' represented faith, 'James' charity, and 'John' the works that flow from charity, see the Prefaces to Genesis 18, 22, and also 3750. This is also quite evident from the things which the Lord said about them and to them.

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