The Bible

 

Hosea 13

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1 κατά-P ὁ- A--ASM λόγος-N2--ASM *ἐφράιμ-N---GSM δικαίωμα-N3M-APN αὐτός- D--NSM λαμβάνω-VBI-AAI3S ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSM *ἰσραήλ-N---DSM καί-C τίθημι-VEI-AMI3S αὐτός- D--APN ὁ- A--DSF *βααλ-N---DSF καί-C ἀποθνήσκω-VBI-AAI3S

2 καί-C προςτίθημι-VEI-AMI3S ὁ- A--GSN ἁμαρτάνω-V1--PAN ἔτι-D καί-C ποιέω-VAI-AAI3P ἑαυτοῦ- D--DPM χώνευμα-N3M-ASN ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSN ἀργύριον-N2N-GSN αὐτός- D--GPM κατά-P εἰκων-N3N-ASF εἴδωλον-N2N-GPN ἔργον-N2N-APN τέκτων-N3N-GPM συντελέω-VM--XPPAPN αὐτός- D--DPM αὐτός- D--NPM λέγω-V1--PAI3P θύω-VA--AAD2P ἄνθρωπος-N2--APM μόσχος-N2--NPM γάρ-X ἐκλείπω-VX--XAI3P

3 διά-P οὗτος- D--ASN εἰμί-VF--FMI3P ὡς-C νεφέλη-N1--NSF πρωινός-A1--NSF καί-C ὡς-C δρόσος-N2--NSF ὀρθρινός-A1--NSF πορεύομαι-V1--PMPNSF ὥσπερ-D χνοῦς-N3--NSM ἀποφυσάω-V3--PMPNSM ἀπό-P ἅλων-N3W-GSF καί-C ὡς-C ἀτμίς-N3D-NSF ἀπό-P ἀκρίς-N3D-GPF

4 ἐγώ- P--NS δέ-X κύριος-N2--NSM ὁ- A--NSM θεός-N2--NSM σύ- P--GS στερεόω-V4--PAPNSM οὐρανός-N2--ASM καί-C κτίζω-V1--PAPNSM γῆ-N1--ASF ὅς- --GSM ὁ- A--NPF χείρ-N3--NPF κτίζω-VAI-AAI3P πᾶς-A1S-ASF ὁ- A--ASF στρατιά-N1A-ASF ὁ- A--GSM οὐρανός-N2--GSM καί-C οὐ-D παραδεικνύω-VAI-AAI1S σύ- P--DS αὐτός- D--APN ὁ- A--GSN πορεύομαι-V1--PMN ὀπίσω-P αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C ἐγώ- P--NS ἀναἄγω-VBI-AAI1S σύ- P--AS ἐκ-P γῆ-N1--GSF *αἴγυπτος-N2--GSF καί-C θεός-N2--ASM πλήν-P ἐγώ- P--GS οὐ-D γιγνώσκω-VF--FMI2S καί-C σώζω-V1--PAPNSM οὐ-D εἰμί-V9--PAI3S πάρεξ-P ἐγώ- P--GS

5 ἐγώ- P--NS ποιμαίνω-V1I-IAI1S σύ- P--AS ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ἔρημος-N2--DSF ἐν-P γῆ-N1--DSF ἀοίκητος-A1B-DSF

6 κατά-P ὁ- A--APF νομή-N1--APF αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C ἐνπίμπλημι-VSI-API3P εἰς-P πλησμονή-N1--ASF καί-C ὑψόω-VCI-API3P ὁ- A--NPF καρδία-N1A-NPF αὐτός- D--GPM ἕνεκα-P οὗτος- D--GSM ἐπιλανθάνω-VBI-AMI3P ἐγώ- P--GS

7 καί-C εἰμί-VF--FMI1S αὐτός- D--DPM ὡς-C πανθήρ-N3--NSM καί-C ὡς-C πάρδαλις-N3I-NSM κατά-P ὁ- A--ASF ὁδός-N2--ASF *ἀσσύριος-N2--GPM

8 ἀποἀντάω-VF--FMI1S αὐτός- D--DPM ὡς-C ἄρκος-N2--NSF ἀπορέω-V2--PMPNSF καί-C διαῥήγνυμι-VF--FAI1S συγκλεισμός-N2--ASM καρδία-N1A-GSF αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C καταἐσθίω-VF--FMI3P αὐτός- D--APM ἐκεῖ-D σκύμνος-N2--NPM δρυμός-N2--GSM θηρίον-N2N-NPN ἀγρός-N2--GSM διασπάω-VF--FAI3S αὐτός- D--APM

9 ὁ- A--DSF διαφθορά-N1A-DSF σύ- P--GS *ἰσραήλ-N---VSM τίς- I--NSM βοηθέω-VF--FAI3S

10 ποῦ-D ὁ- A--NSM βασιλεύς-N3V-NSM σύ- P--GS οὗτος- D--NSM καί-C διασώζω-VA--AAD3S σύ- P--AS ἐν-P πᾶς-A1S-DPF ὁ- A--DPF πόλις-N3I-DPF σύ- P--GS κρίνω-VA--AAD3S σύ- P--AS ὅς- --ASM εἶπον-VAI-AAI2S δίδωμι-VO--AAD2S ἐγώ- P--DS βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM καί-C ἄρχων-N3--ASM

11 καί-C δίδωμι-VAI-AAI1S σύ- P--DS βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM ἐν-P ὀργή-N1--DSF ἐγώ- P--GS καί-C ἔχω-VBI-AAI1S ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSM θυμός-N2--DSM ἐγώ- P--GS

12 συστροφή-N1--ASF ἀδικία-N1A-GSF *ἐφράιμ-N---NSM ἐνκρύπτω-VP--XMPNSF ὁ- A--NSF ἁμαρτία-N1A-NSF αὐτός- D--GSM

13 ὠδίν-N3--NPF ὡς-C τίκτω-V1--PAPGSF ἥκω-VF--FAI3P αὐτός- D--DSM οὗτος- D--NSM ὁ- A--NSM υἱός-N2--NSM σύ- P--GS οὐ-D φρόνιμος-A1B-NSM διότι-C οὐ-D μή-D ὑποἵστημι-VH--AAS3S ἐν-P συντριβή-N1--DSF τέκνον-N2N-GPN

14 ἐκ-P χείρ-N3--GSF ᾅδης-N1M-GSM ῥύομαι-VF--FMI1S αὐτός- D--APM καί-C ἐκ-P θάνατος-N2--GSM λυτρόω-VF--FMI1S αὐτός- D--APM ποῦ-D ὁ- A--NSF δίκη-N1--NSF σύ- P--GS θάνατος-N2--VSM ποῦ-D ὁ- A--NSN κέντρον-N2N-NSN σύ- P--GS ᾅδης-N1M-VSM παράκλησις-N3I-NSF κρύπτω-VP--XMI3S ἀπό-P ὀφθαλμός-N2--GPM ἐγώ- P--GS

15 διότι-C οὗτος- D--NSM ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASN ἀδελφός-N2--GPM διαστέλλω-VF2-FAI3S ἐπιἄγω-VF--FAI3S ἄνεμος-N2--ASM καύσων-N3W-ASM κύριος-N2--NSM ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSF ἔρημος-N2--GSF ἐπί-P αὐτός- D--ASM καί-C ἀναξηραίνω-VF2-FAI3S ὁ- A--APF φλέψ-N3--APF αὐτός- D--GSM ἐκἐρημόω-VF--FAI3S ὁ- A--APF πηγή-N1--APF αὐτός- D--GSM αὐτός- D--NSM καταξηραίνω-VF2-FAI3S ὁ- A--ASF γῆ-N1--ASF αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C πᾶς-A3--APN ὁ- A--APN σκεῦος-N3E-APN ὁ- A--APN ἐπιθυμητός-A1--APN αὐτός- D--GSM

   

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Arcana Coelestia #10407

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10407. 'And made out of it a calf of molded [metal]' means in keeping with the delight belonging to that nation's loves. This is clear from the meaning of 'a calf' as external or natural good, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'molded [metal]' as worship fashioned in support of external kinds of love, dealt with immediately above in 10406. And since the Israelite nation is the subject in the present chapter and that nation's interest lay in external things and not in what was internal, and so was ruled by external kinds of love, the expression 'in keeping with the delight belonging to that nation's loves' is used. For 'the calf', being an idol, means that delight.

[2] The ancients among whom representative worship existed knew what the various kinds of living creatures were the signs of; for the living creatures each have their own spiritual meaning, and their spiritual meanings govern the manifestations of such creatures in heaven as well, consequently the mention of them in the Word, and also their use in burnt offerings and sacrifices. 'A calf' means the good of innocence and charity within the external or natural man, see 9391, 9990, 10132; but when no good of innocence and charity is present, as is the case with those whose interest lies in external things and not in what is internal, 'a calf' means natural delight on the level of the senses, which is a delight belonging to a person's own wishes, desires, self-love, and love of the world. This delight is the one that exists with those whose interest lies in external things and not in what is internal, and the one they worship; for what a person loves above all things, that he worships. They say, it is true, that they worship the God of all creation; but they say it with their lips and not their heart. People such as these are meant by those who worship the calf of molded [metal].

[3] The Egyptians were such more than all others. Because they possessed a greater knowledge of correspondences and representations than all other nations they made various idols for themselves, as is evident from the Egyptian idols that are still in existence. But their chief idol was the calf, by which they wished to signify their external good within worship. But when their knowledge of correspondences and representations, which was greater than that of other nations, was turned into magic, the calf took on a contrary meaning, namely that of the delight belonging to external kinds of love. And when the calf was placed in temples and worshipped as a god it meant that kind of delight expressed in worship.

[4] Because the Israelite nation brought that idolatrous practice with them out of Egypt, in their case the calf, when worshipped by them as a god, means the delight belonging to their particular loves expressed in worship. What kind of loves these were may be recognized from what has been shown in the places referred to above in 10396. For they were ruled, as they are at the present day, by self-love and love of the world more than all others. It is well known that at the present day they are ruled by a most earthly kind of love; for they love silver and gold not because of any use these can serve but for the sake of silver and gold themselves. This love is the most earthly of all, for it is foul avarice. With them self-love is not plainly visible but lies hidden in their heart, as is normally so with all who are foully avaricious. It is well known too that no love of the neighbour exists with them; and to the extent that love of the neighbour is absent from someone, self-love resides in him.

[5] From all this it now becomes clear what the calf of molded [metal] made by Aaron for that nation means. The like is meant by it in the following places: In Jeremiah,

A very beautiful heifer was Egypt; destruction has come from the north. And her hired servants in the midst of her are like calves of the fattening stall 1 . Jeremiah 46:20-21.

In David,

They made a calf in Horeb and bowed down to the molded image; and they changed the glory into the effigy of the ox that eats the plant 2 . Psalms 106:19-20.

In Hosea,

They sin more and more, and make for themselves a molded image from their silver, idols by their own intelligence, completely the work of craftsmen, saying to them, Those who offer human sacrifice 3 kiss the calves. Hosea 13:2.

In Isaiah,

The unicorns will come down with them, and the calves with the powerful ones; and their land will become drunk with blood, and their dust will be made fat with fatness. Isaiah 34:7.

In the same prophet,

The fortified city will be solitary, a habitation forsaken and left [like a wilderness]; there the calf will feed, and there it will lie down and consume its branches. And its harvest will wither. Isaiah 27:10-11.

In David,

Rebuke the wild animal of the reeds, the congregation of the strong ones, among the calves of the peoples, trampling on the fragments of silver. They have scattered the peoples. Psalms 68:30.

In Jeremiah,

I will give the men who transgressed My covenant, who did not keep the terms of the covenant which they made before Me, that of the calf which they cut in two, in order that they might pass between its parts - the princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and the priests, and all the people of the land who passed between the parts of the calf - I will give them into the hand of their enemies, that their dead bodies may be food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth. Jeremiah 34:18-20.

And in Hosea,

They have made a king, and not by Me; they have made princes, and I did not know. Their silver and their gold they have made into idols, that they may be cut off. Your calf has deserted [you], O Samaria. For from Israel is this also. A smith has made it, and it is not God; for the calf of Samaria will be broken to 4 pieces. Hosea 8:4-6.

For explanations of all these quotations, see 9391.

Footnotes:

1. i.e. mercenaries who are like fat bulls

2. i.e. grass or herbage

3. Reading Sacrificantes hominem (Those sacrificing a human being i.e. Those who offer human sacrifice) for Sacrificant hominem (They sacrifice a human being)

4. literally, will become or will be made into

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

The Bible

 

Exodus 32

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1 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him."

2 Aaron said to them, "Take off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to me."

3 All the people took off the golden rings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron.

4 He received what they handed him, and fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made it a molten calf; and they said, "These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt."

5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made a proclamation, and said, "Tomorrow shall be a feast to Yahweh."

6 They rose up early on the next day, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.

7 Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Go, get down; for your people, who you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves!

8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.'"

9 Yahweh said to Moses, "I have seen these people, and behold, they are a stiff-necked people.

10 Now therefore leave me alone, that my wrath may burn hot against them, and that I may consume them; and I will make of you a great nation."

11 Moses begged Yahweh his God, and said, "Yahweh, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, that you have brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?

12 Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, 'He brought them forth for evil, to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the surface of the earth?' Turn from your fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against your people.

13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by your own self, and said to them, 'I will multiply your seed as the stars of the sky, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.'"

14 Yahweh repented of the evil which he said he would do to his people.

15 Moses turned, and went down from the mountain, with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand; tablets that were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other they were written.

16 The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tables.

17 When Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, "There is the noise of war in the camp."

18 He said, "It isn't the voice of those who shout for victory, neither is it the voice of those who cry for being overcome; but the noise of those who sing that I hear."

19 It happened, as soon as he came near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing: and Moses' anger grew hot, and he threw the tablets out of his hands, and broke them beneath the mountain.

20 He took the calf which they had made, and burnt it with fire, ground it to powder, and scattered it on the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.

21 Moses said to Aaron, "What did these people do to you, that you have brought a great sin on them?"

22 Aaron said, "Don't let the anger of my lord grow hot. You know the people, that they are set on evil.

23 For they said to me, 'Make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him.'

24 I said to them, 'Whoever has any gold, let them take it off:' so they gave it to me; and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf."

25 When Moses saw that the people had broken loose, (for Aaron had let them loose for a derision among their enemies),

26 then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, "Whoever is on Yahweh's side, come to me!" All the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him.

27 He said to them, "Thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel, 'Every man put his sword on his thigh, and go back and forth from gate to gate throughout the camp, and every man kill his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor.'"

28 The sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.

29 Moses said, "Consecrate yourselves today to Yahweh, yes, every man against his son, and against his brother; that he may bestow on you a blessing this day."

30 It happened on the next day, that Moses said to the people, "You have sinned a great sin. Now I will go up to Yahweh. Perhaps I shall make atonement for your sin."

31 Moses returned to Yahweh, and said, "Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made themselves gods of gold.

32 Yet now, if you will, forgive their sin--and if not, please blot me out of your book which you have written."

33 Yahweh said to Moses, "Whoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.

34 Now go, lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to you. Behold, my angel shall go before you. Nevertheless in the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin."

35 Yahweh struck the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.