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Ezechiele 44

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1 Poi egli mi ricondusse verso la porta esterna del santuario, che guarda a oriente. Essa era chiusa.

2 E l’Eterno mi disse: "Questa porta sarà chiusa, essa non s’aprirà, e nessuno entrerà per essa, poiché per essa è entrato l’Eterno, l’Iddio d’Israele; perciò rimarrà chiusa.

3 Quanto al principe, siccome è principe, egli potrà sedervi per mangiare il pane davanti all’Eterno; egli entrerà per la via del vestibolo della porta, e uscirà per la medesima via".

4 Poi mi menò davanti alla casa per la via della porta settentrionale. Io guardai, ed ecco, la gloria dell’Eterno riempiva la casa dell’Eterno; e io caddi sulla mia faccia.

5 E l’Eterno mi disse: "Figliuol d’uomo, sta’ bene attento, apri gli occhi per guardare e gli orecchi per udire tutto quello che ti dirò circa tutti i regolamenti della casa dell’Eterno e tutte le sue leggi; e considera attentamente l’ingresso della casa e tutti gli egressi del santuario.

6 E dì a questi ribelli, alla casa d’Israele: Così parla il Signore, l’Eterno: O casa d’Israele, bastano tutte le vostre abominazioni!

7 Avete fatto entrare degli stranieri, incirconcisi di cuore e incirconcisi di carne, perché stessero nel mio santuario a profanare la mia casa, quando offrivate il mio pane, il grasso e il sangue, violando così il mio patto con tutte le vostre abominazioni.

8 Voi non avete serbato l’incarico che avevate delle mie cose sante; ma ne avete fatti custodi quegli stranieri, nel mio santuario, a vostro pro.

9 Così parla il Signore, l’Eterno: Nessuno straniero incirconciso di cuore, e incirconciso di carne, entrerà nel mio santuario: nessuno degli stranieri che saranno in mezzo dei figliuoli d’Israele.

10 Inoltre, i Leviti che si sono allontanati da me quando Israele si sviava, e si sono sviati da me per seguire i loro idoli, porteranno la pena della loro iniquità;

11 e saranno nel mio santuario come de’ servi, con l’incarico di guardare le porte della casa; e faranno il servizio della casa: scanneranno per il popolo le vittime degli olocausto e degli altri sacrifizi, e si terranno davanti a lui per essere al suo servizio.

12 Siccome han servito il popolo davanti agl’idoli suoi e sono stati per la casa d’Israele un’occasione di caduta nell’iniquità, io alzo la mia mano contro di loro, dice il Signore, l’Eterno, giurando ch’essi porteranno la pena della loro iniquità.

13 E non s’accosteranno più a me per esercitare il sacerdozio, e non s’accosteranno ad alcuna delle mia cose sante, alle cose che sono santissime; ma porteranno il loro obbrobrio, e la pena delle abominazioni che hanno commesse;

14 ne farò dei guardiani della casa, incaricati di tutto il servigio d’essa e di tutto ciò che vi si deve fare.

15 Ma i sacerdoti Leviti, figliuoli di Tsadok, i quali hanno serbato l’incarico che avevano del mio santuario quando i figliuoli d’Israele si sviavano da me, saranno quelli che si accosteranno a me per fare il mio servizio, e che si terranno davanti a me per offrirmi il grasso e il sangue, dice il Signore, l’Eterno.

16 Essi entreranno nel mio santuario, essi s’accosteranno alla mia tavola per servirmi, e compiranno tutto il mio servizio.

17 E quando entreranno per le porte del cortile interno, indosseranno vesti di lino; non avranno addosso lana di sorta, quando faranno il servizio alle porte del cortile interno e nella casa.

18 Avranno in capo delle tiare di lino, e delle brache di lino ai fianchi; non si cingeranno con ciò che fa sudare.

19 Ma quando usciranno per andare nel cortile esterno, nel cortile esterno verso il popolo, si toglieranno i paramenti coi quali avranno fatto il servizio, e li deporranno nelle camere del santuario; e indosseranno altre vesti, per non santificare il popolo con i loro paramenti.

20 Non si raderanno il capo, e non si lasceranno crescere i capelli; non porteranno i capelli corti.

21 Nessun sacerdote berrà vino, quand’entrerà nel cortile interno.

22 Non prenderanno per moglie né una vedova, né una donna ripudiata, ma prenderanno delle vergini della progenie della casa d’Israele; potranno però prendere delle vedove, che sian vedove di sacerdoti.

23 Insegneranno al mio popolo a distinguere fra il sacro e il profano, e gli faranno conoscere la differenza tra ciò ch’è impuro e ciò ch’è puro.

24 In casi di processo, spetterà a loro il giudicare; e giudicheranno secondo le mie prescrizioni, e osserveranno le mie leggi e i miei statuti in tutte le mie feste, e santificheranno i miei sabati.

25 Il sacerdote non entrerà dov’è un morto, per non rendersi impuro, non si potrà rendere impuro che per un padre, per una madre, per un figliuolo, per una figliuola, per un fratello o una sorella non maritata.

26 Dopo la sua purificazione, gli si conteranno sette giorni;

27 e il giorno che entrerà nel santuario, nel cortile interno, per fare il servizio nel santuario, offrirà il suo sacrifizio per il peccato, dice il Signore, l’Eterno.

28 E avranno una eredità: Io sarò la loro eredità; e voi non darete loro alcun possesso in Israele: Io sono il loro possesso.

29 Essi si nutriranno delle oblazioni, dei sacrifizi per il peccato e dei sacrifizi per la colpa: e ogni cosa votata allo sterminio in Israele sarà loro.

30 E le primizie dei primi prodotti d’ogni sorta, tutte le offerte di qualsivoglia cosa che offrirete per elevazione, saranno dei sacerdoti; darete parimente al sacerdote le primizie della vostra pasta, affinché la benedizione riposi sulla vostra casa.

31 I sacerdoti non mangeranno carne di nessun uccello né d’alcun animale morto da sé o sbranato.

   

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Apocalypse Explained #66

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66. (Verse 14) And his head and his hairs were white. That this signifies the Divine in primaries and in ultimates, is evident from the signification of the head when mentioned in reference to the Lord, of whom these things are said, as denoting the Divine in primaries, concerning which we shall speak presently; and from the signification of hairs, as denoting the Divine in ultimates, of which also we shall speak presently; and from the signification of white, as denoting what is pure. (That white (album) and white (candidum) denote what is pure, may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 3301, 3993, 4007, 5319.) The reason why the head, when mentioned in reference to the Lord, denotes the Divine in primaries, is, that the head is the highest part of man, and therein are those primary things which give rise to all things that take place in the body. For in the head are the understanding and the will, from which, as from their beginnings, all the other things flow that relate to man's remoter things, as speech, and all actions. But the reason why hairs, when mentioned in reference to the Lord, denote the Divine in ultimates is, that hairs are ultimates, for they grow from the ultimate parts of man, and the primaries terminate in them; therefore, when the head and hairs are mentioned, primaries and ultimates are meant.

[2] He who knows that the head signifies primaries, and the hairs ultimates, even in spiritual things, and that primaries and ultimates signify all things (as was shown above, n. 41), may know many arcana of the internal sense, where those things are mentioned. As, for instance, a Nazarite was not allowed to shave the hair of his head, because, as is said, it was the Nazariteship of God upon his head, and when the days were accomplished, he had to shave it off, and consecrate it (Numbers 6:1-21); also the strength of Samson was in his hairs, and when they were shaved off he became weak, and when they grew again his strength returned (Judges 16:13 to the end). Again, forty-two boys were torn in pieces by bears, because they mocked Elisha, calling him bald-head (2 Kings 2:23, 24). So too Elias was clothed with a garment of hair (2 Kings 1:8) and John the Baptist with camel's hair (Mark 1:6). Moreover what is signified by the head, hairs, beard and baldness, may be seen where they are mentioned in the Word.

[3] The reason why a Nazarite was not allowed to shave his hair, because, as is stated, it was the Nazariteship of God upon his head, and that when the days were accomplished, he had to shave it off, and consecrate it, was, that a Nazarite represented the Lord in primaries and in ultimates, and His Divine in ultimates was His Human, which He made Divine even to the flesh and bones, which are the ultimates. That He made the Human Divine even to the flesh and bones, is clear from the fact that He left nothing in the sepulchre, and that He said to His disciples that He had flesh and bones, which a spirit has not (Luke 24:39, 40). And when the Divine itself is also Divine in ultimates, then it rules all things from primaries by ultimates. (As is evident from what was said and shown above, n. 41; especially from the things which are adduced in Arcana Coelestia, to the effect that interiors successively flow into exteriors, even to the outermost or ultimate, and that therein also they exist and subsist, n. Arcana Coelestia 634, 6239, 6465, 9215, 9216; that they not only flow in successively, but also form what is simultaneous in the ultimate; concerning which order see n. 5897, 6451, 8603, 10099; that therefore all interior things are held together in connection, from the primary by means of the ultimate, n. 9828; and in the work, Heaven and Hell 297; that hence the ultimate is more holy than the interiors, n. Arcana Coelestia 9824; that hence in the ultimates there is strength and power, n. 9836.) It was for these reasons that the Nazariteship was instituted. The reason why the Nazarite should ultimately consecrate his hair by putting it into the fire of the altar, was, because the Holy Divine was thereby represented, and the fire of the altar signified that Holy (n. 934, 6314, 6832).

[4] From these considerations it is also evident why the strength of Samson was in his hair (Judges 16[13] to the end), for it is said that he was a Nazarite from his mother's womb (Judges 13:7; 16:17); so also it was not lawful for the chief priest and his sons, nor for the Levites, to shave the head and make themselves bald (Leviticus 10:6; 21:5, 10; Ezekiel 44:20). So, too, to cut off the beard, which also had a similar signification, was ignominious with the people of Israel (2 Sam. 10:4, 5). The reason why the forty-two boys were torn in pieces by bears, because they mocked Elisha, calling him bald-head, was, that Elijah and Elisha represented the Lord as to the Word, which is Divine truth, the sanctity and strength of which are in the ultimates from primaries, as said above; and because baldness signified the deprivation of them, therefore this circumstance took place; bears also signify truth in ultimates. (That Elijah and Elisha represented the Lord as to the Word, may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 2762, 5247.)

[5] From these considerations it is also clear why the garment of Elias was hairy, and that of John was made of camel's hair; for John the Baptist, as well as Elias, represented the Lord as to the Word, therefore he was also called Elias (as may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 7643, 9372). When these things are understood it can be known what is signified by the head, hairs, beard, and baldness in the Word. As in Isaiah:

"In that time shall the Lord, by the king of Assyria, shave the head, and the hairs of the feet; he shall also consume the beard" (7:20).

In the same:

"Upon all heads shall be baldness, every beard shaven" (15:2).

In Jeremiah:

"Truth hath perished, and is cut off from their mouth; cut off thine hair and cast it away" (7:28, 29).

And in Ezekiel:

"Take a razor, and pass it upon the head and beard" (5:1).

Again:

"On every face shall be shame, and upon all heads baldness" (7:18).

Again:

"Every head was made bald" (29:18).

In Amos:

"I will bring baldness upon every head" (8:10).

And in David:

"God shall bruise the head of his enemies, the hairy scalp of him that goeth on in his guilt" (Psalm 68:21).

In these passages, and in others, by cutting off the hair of the head, shaving the beard, and inducing baldness, is signified to deprive of all good and truth, because he who is deprived of the ultimates is also deprived of things prior, for prior things exist and subsist in ultimates, as said above. In the world of spirits also, there are seen those who are bald; and I have been informed that they are those who were abusers of the Word and had applied the sense of the letter, which is Divine truth in the ultimates, to wicked purposes, and consequently were deprived of all truth; they are also the most wicked, and many of them are from the Babylonish nation; but, on the contrary, the angels are seen with becoming hair.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Arcana Coelestia #8588

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8588. 'And Meribah' means the essential nature of the complaining. This is clear from the consideration that in the original language Meribah means contention or wrangling, and 'wrangling' means complaining, 8563, 8566; and since also names mean the essential nature of something, 8587, 'Meribah' here means the essential nature of the complaining. As regards the specific temptation here and the essential nature of it, it should be recognized that those people are being described here who in temptations almost give in; that is to say, they complain against heaven, also against the Divine Himself, and at length almost cease to believe in God's providence. These things are meant in the internal sense by what has gone before and also by what follows in the present verse; they are the essential nature of the state of the temptation, meant by 'Massah', and the essential nature of the complaining in the temptation, meant by 'Meribah'. The fact that the latter is meant here by 'Meribah' is evident in David,

You called on Me in distress, and I rescued you; I answered you in the hiding place. I tested you by the waters of Meribah. Psalms 81:7.

[2] But the internal historical sense, in which the religious condition of the Israelite nation is the subject, describes the nature of their attitude towards Jehovah. It was such that when they asked Him for aid they refused to plead for it, and instead demanded it. The reason for this was that when they saw miracles their acknowledgement of Jehovah as the Supreme Deity did not exist in their heart, only on their lips. The fact that there was no acknowledgement of Him in their heart is perfectly clear from the Egyptian calf which they made for themselves and worshipped, saying that these were their gods, and also from their frequent apostasy, regarding which see 8301. These are the matters that the internal historical sense describes here; but the internal spiritual sense describes the essential nature of the temptation when those undergoing it are brought to the final phase before their deliverance.

[3] The fact that the character of the Israelite nation and their religious condition are described by their contending with Moses at Massah and Meribah is also clear in David,

Do not harden your heart as in Meribah, as in the day of Massah, in the wilderness, where your fathers tempted Me; they tempted Me, and saw My work. For forty years I loathed [that] generation, and said, They are a people who err in their heart and have not known My ways, to whom I swore in My anger, They shall not enter My rest. Psalms 95:8-11.

In Moses,

You shall not tempt Jehovah your God, as you tempted [Him] in Massah. Deuteronomy 6:16.

In the same author,

Furthermore in Taberah and in Massah and in Kibroth Hattaavah, you were rebels against Jehovah from the day I knew you. Deuteronomy 9:22, 24.

In the same author,

Of Levi he said, Your Thummim and your Urim shall be for the Holy Man (Vir) whom you tempted in Massah; you contended with Him at the waters of Meribah. Deuteronomy 33:8-9

'The Holy Man' here stands for the Lord, whom they tempted, and whom

Moses and Aaron 'did not honour as holy'.

[4] In the internal historical sense, in which the religious condition of the

Israelite nation is the subject, Moses and Aaron do not represent God's truth, but the religious condition of that nation, whose leaders and heads they were, 7041. Since that religious condition was such as has been mentioned above, it was declared to the two that they would not lead the people into the land of Canaan. This is stated in the Book of Numbers as follows,

Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron, Because you did not believe in Me and honour Me as holy in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you will not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. These are the waters of Meribah, because the children of Israel contended with Jehovah. Numbers 20:12-13; 27:14.

And in the same book,

Aaron will be gathered to his people, and will not enter the land which I have given to the children of Israel, because you rebelled against My word 1 at the waters of Meribah. Numbers 20:24.

The like is said of Moses at Deuteronomy 32:49-51.

[5] Among that nation representative worship of God was nevertheless established because representative worship could have been established among any nation that thought the outward things of worship were holy and venerated them in a virtually idolatrous manner. For a representative has no regard to the person who represents, only to the reality represented, 1361; and that nation was by disposition such, more than any other nation, that outward things devoid of anything internal were altogether venerated by them as being holy and Divine. They were such that they revered their fathers - Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and later on Moses and David - as demi-gods. In addition they venerated as being holy and Divine, and worshipped, every piece of stone or wood dedicated to their worship of God, such as the Ark, the tables there, the lampstand, the altar, Aaron's vestments, the Urim and Thummim, and later on the temple. By means of outward things such as these at that time communication of the angels of heaven with mankind was in the Lord's providence made possible; for the Church, or a representative of the Church, must exist somewhere, in order that heaven may be in communication with the human race. And since that nation more than any other could make Divine worship consist in outward things, and so could act as a representative of the Church, that nation was the one to be adopted.

[6] The communication with angels in heaven by means of representatives was effected at that time in the following way. People's outward worship was conveyed to angelic spirits who are simple and give no thought to inward values, though they are themselves nevertheless good inwardly. Such spirits are those who in the Grand Man correspond to the skin. They pay no attention at all to what is in a person inwardly, only to what is visible outwardly; and if this is seen by them to be holy they think that what is inward is so too. The more internal angels of heaven saw in these spirits the realities that were being represented, consequently the corresponding heavenly and Divine values; for they could reside with these spirits and see those values, but not with men, except through those spirits. Angels dwell with men in their inward values; but when no inward values are there, they dwell in the interiors of simple spirits; for the wisdom of angels extends only to spiritual and celestial values, which are the inward realities of representatives. From this brief explanation one may recognize how communication with heaven through such a people could be made possible. But see what has been shown already on this matter:

Among the Jews the holiness of their worship was carried up outside themselves into heaven in a miraculous fashion, 4307. The descendants of Jacob were able to represent what was holy, irrespective of what they were really like, provided that the religious observances which had been commanded were carried out precisely, 3147, 3479, 3480, 3881 (end), 4208, 4281, 4288, 4289, 4293, 4307, 4444, 4500, 4680, 4825, 4844, 4847, 4899, 4912, 6304, 6306, 7048, 7051, 8301 (end).

Footnotes:

1. literally, mouth

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.