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Ezechiël 23

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1 Verder geschiedde des HEEREN woord tot mij, zeggende:

2 Mensenkind! daar waren twee vrouwen, dochteren van een moeder.

3 Dezen hoereerden in Egypte; in haar jeugd hoereerden zij; daar werden haar borsten gedrukt, en daar werden de tepelen haars maagdoms betast.

4 Haar namen nu waren: Ohola, de grootste, en Oholiba, haar zuster; en zij werden de Mijne, en baarden zonen en dochteren; dit waren haar namen: Samaria is Ohola, en Jeruzalem Oholiba.

5 Ohola nu hoereerde, zijnde onder Mij; en zij werd verliefd op haar boelen, op de Assyriers, die nabij waren;

6 Bekleed met hemelsblauw, vorsten en overheden, altemaal gewenste jongelingen, ruiteren, rijdende op paarden.

7 Alzo dreef zij haar hoererijen met dezelve, die allen de keure der kinderen van Assur waren; en met allen, op dewelke zij verliefd was, met al derzelver drekgoden, verontreinigde zij zich.

8 Zij verliet ook haar hoererijen niet, gebracht uit Egypte; want zij hadden bij haar in haar jeugd gelegen, en zij hadden de tepelen haars maagdoms betast, en zij hadden hun hoererij over haar uitgestort.

9 Daarom gaf Ik haar in de hand van haar boelen over, in de hand der kinderen van Assur, op dewelke zij verliefd was.

10 Dezen ontdekten haar schaamte, haar zonen en haar dochteren namen zij weg, maar haar doodden zij met het zwaard; en zij kreeg een naam onder de vrouwen, nadat men gerichten over haar geoefend had.

11 Als haar zuster, Oholiba, dit zag, zo verdierf zij haar minne nog meer dan zij, en haar hoererijen meer dan de hoererijen van haar zuster.

12 Zij werd verliefd op de kinderen van Assur, de vorsten en overheden, die nabij waren, bekleed met volkomen sieraad, ruiteren, rijdende op paarden, altemaal gewenste jongelingen.

13 Toen zag Ik, dat zij verontreinigd was; zij hadden beiden enerlei weg.

14 Ja, zij deed tot haar hoererijen nog meer toe; want toen zij geschilderde mannen aan den wand zag, de beelden der Chaldeen, geschilderd met menie,

15 Gegord met een gordel aan hun lenden, hebbende overvloedig geverfde hoeden op hun hoofden, die allen in het aanzien hoofdmannen waren, naar de gelijkenis der kinderen van Babel, van Chaldea, het land hunner geboorte;

16 Zo werd zij op dezelve verliefd met het opzien van haar ogen, en zij zond boden tot hen, naar Chaldea.

17 De kinderen van Babel nu kwamen tot haar in tot het leger der minne, en verontreinigden haar met hun hoererij; ook verontreinigde zij zich met hen; daarna werd haar ziel van hen afgetrokken.

18 Alzo ontdekte zij haar hoererijen, en ontdekte haar schaamte; toen werd Mijn ziel van haar afgetrokken, gelijk als Mijn ziel was afgetrokken van haar zuster.

19 Doch zij vermenigvuldigde haar hoererijen, gedenkende aan de dagen van haar jeugd, als zij gehoereerd had in het land van Egypte.

20 En zij werd verliefd meer dan derzelver bijwijven, welker vlees is als het vlees der ezelen, en welker vloed is als de vloed der paarden.

21 Alzo hebt gij weder opgehaald de schandelijke daad uwer jeugd, als die van Egypte uw tepelen betastten, vanwege de borsten uwer jeugd.

22 Daarom, o Oholiba! alzo zegt de Heere Heere: Zie, Ik zal uw boelen, van welke uw ziel is afgetrokken, tegen u verwekken, en Ik zal hen van rondom tegen u aanbrengen.

23 De kinderen van Babel en alle Chaldeen, Pekod, en Soa, en Koa, en alle kinderen van Assur met hen; gewenste jongelingen, die allen vorsten en overheden zijn, hoofdmannen en vermaarde lieden, die allen te paard rijden.

24 Die zullen tegen u komen met karren, wagenen en wielen, en met een vergadering van volken, rondassen, en schilden, en helmen; zij zullen zich rondom tegen u zetten; en Ik zal voor hun aangezicht het gericht stellen, en zij zullen u richten naar hun rechten.

25 En Ik zal Mijn ijver tegen u zetten, dat zij in grimmigheid met u zullen handelen; zij zullen uw neus en uw oren afnemen, en het laatste van u zal door het zwaard vallen; zij zullen uw zonen en uw dochteren wegnemen, en het laatste van u zal door het vuur verteerd worden.

26 Zij zullen u ook uw klederen uittrekken, en uw sieraadtuig wegnemen.

27 Zo zal Ik uw schandelijkheid van u doen ophouden, mitsgaders uw hoererij, gebracht uit Egypteland; en gij zult uw ogen naar hen niet opheffen, en aan Egypte niet meer gedenken.

28 Want alzo zegt de Heere Heere: Zie, Ik zal u overgeven in de hand dergenen, die gij haat, in de hand dergenen, van dewelken uw ziel is afgetrokken.

29 Die zullen met u handelen uit haat, en al uw arbeid wegnemen, en u naakt en bloot laten, dat uw hoerenschaamte ontdekt worde, mitsgaders uw schandelijkheid en uw hoererijen.

30 Deze dingen zal men u doen, dewijl gij de heidenen nagehoereerd hebt, en omdat gij u met hun drekgoden verontreinigd hebt.

31 In den weg uwer zuster hebt gij gewandeld, daarom zal Ik haar beker in uw hand geven.

32 Alzo zegt de Heere Heere: Gij zult den beker uwer zuster drinken, die diep en wijd is; gij zult tot belaching en spot worden; de beker houdt veel in.

33 Van dronkenschap en jammer zult gij vol worden; de beker van uw zuster Samaria is een beker der verwoesting en der eenzaamheid.

34 Gij zult hem drinken en uitzuigen, en zijn scherven zult gij brijzelen, en uw borsten zult gij afrukken; want Ik heb het gesproken, spreekt de Heere Heere.

35 Daarom, alzo zegt de Heere Heere: Omdat gij Mijner vergeten, en Mij achter uw rug geworpen hebt, zo draagt gij ook uw schandelijkheid en uw hoererijen.

36 En de HEERE zeide tot mij: Mensenkind! zoudt gij Ohola en Oholiba recht geven? Ja, vertoon haar haar gruwelen.

37 Want zij hebben overspel gedaan, en er is bloed in haar handen; en zij hebben met haar drekgoden overspel gedaan; daartoe hebben zij ook haar kinderen, die zij Mij gebaard hadden, voor hen door het vuur laten doorgaan, tot spijze.

38 Nog hebben zij Mij dit gedaan; zij hebben Mijn heiligdom ten zelven dage verontreinigd, en Mijn sabbatten ontheiligd.

39 Want als zij hun kinderen hun drekgoden geslacht hadden, zo kwamen zij op dienzelven dag in Mijn heiligdom, om dat te ontheiligen; en ziet, alzo hebben zij gedaan in het midden van Mijn huis.

40 Dit is er ook, dat zij gezonden hebben tot mannen, die van verre zouden komen; tot dewelken als een bode gezonden was, ziet, zo kwamen zij, voor dewelken gij u wiest, uw ogen blankettet en u met sieraad versierdet;

41 En gij zat op een heerlijk bed, voor hetwelk een tafel toegericht was, en op hetwelk gij Mijn reukwerk en Mijn olie gezet hadt.

42 Als nu het geruis der menigte daarop stil was, zo zonden zij tot mannen uit de menigte der mensen, en daar werden wijnzuipers aangebracht uit de woestijn; die deden armringen aan haar handen, en een sierlijke kroon op haar hoofden.

43 Toen zeide Ik van deze, die van overspelerijen verouderd was: Nu zullen zij hoereren de hoererijen dezer hoer, en die ook.

44 En men ging tot haar in, gelijk men ingaat tot een vrouw, die een hoer is; alzo gingen zij in tot Ohola en tot Oholiba, die schandelijke vrouwen.

45 Rechtvaardige mannen dan, die zullen haar richten naar het recht der overspeelsters, en naar het recht der bloedvergietsters; want zij zijn overspeelsters, en bloed is in haar handen.

46 Want alzo zegt de Heere Heere: Ik zal een vergadering tegen haar doen opkomen, en zal ze ter beroering en ten roof overgeven.

47 En de vergadering zal ze met stenen stenigen, en dezelve met hun zwaarden nederhouwen; haar zonen en haar dochteren zullen zij doden, en haar huizen met vuur verbranden.

48 Alzo zal Ik de schandelijkheid uit het land doen ophouden; opdat alle vrouwen onderwezen worden, dat zij naar uw schandelijkheid niet doen.

49 Alzo zullen zij uw schandelijkheid op u leggen, en gij zult de zonden uwer drekgoden dragen; en gijlieden zult weten, dat Ik de Heere Heere ben.

   

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Apocalypse Explained #655

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655. Where also our Lord was crucified.- That this signifies by means of which He was rejected and condemned, namely, by means of evils, and falsities therefrom springing from infernal love, is evident from this consideration, that evils themselves and their consequent falsities arising from infernal love are what reject and condemn the Lord, and these evils and the falsities therefrom are signified by Sodom and Egypt, therefore it is said concerning the city of Jerusalem that it is called so spiritually, for to be spiritually called signifies evil itself, and the falsity therefrom.

[2] The hells are separated into two kingdoms opposite the two kingdoms in the heavens; the kingdom opposite the celestial kingdom is at the back, and those who are there are called genii, and this kingdom is what is understood in the Word by "devil." But the kingdom opposite the spiritual kingdom is in front, and those who are there are called evil spirits; this kingdom is what is meant in the Word by "Satan." These hells, or these two kingdoms into which the hells are separated, are meant by Sodom and Egypt. Whether it is said evils and falsities therefrom, or those hells, it is the same thing, since from these all evils and falsities ascend.

[3] The Jews of Jerusalem crucifying the Lord signifies that the evils and the falsities therefrom which they loved crucified Him; for all things recorded in the Word concerning the Lord's passion represented the perverted state of the church with that nation. For although they accounted the Word holy, yet they perverted all things therein by their traditions until there was no longer any Divine Good and Truth remaining with them, and, when the Divine Good and Truth that are in the Word no longer remain, then evils and falsities from infernal love succeed in their place, and these are what crucify the Lord. That such things are signified by the Lord's passion, may be seen above (n. 83, 195:21, 627:16, at the end). The Lord is said to be slain because it signifies His being rejected and denied, as may be seen above (n. 328). Concerning the nature and quality of the Jews, see above (n. 122, 433:28, 619), and in the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248).

[4] Since it is here said "where our Lord was crucified," it shall be explained what crucifixion, or suspension upon wood, signified with the Jews. There were two punishments of death with them, crucifixion and stoning; and by crucifixion was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, and by stoning was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church. Crucifixion signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, because wood, upon which they were suspended, signified good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, both pertaining to the will. Stoning signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church, because stone, with which stoning was effected, signified truth, and, in the opposite sense falsity, both pertaining to the understanding. For all things instituted with the Israelitish and Jewish nation were representative, and thence significative. That wood signifies good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, and that stone signifies truth, and, in the opposite sense, falsity, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 643, 3720, 8354). But because it has been hitherto unknown whence the punishment of the cross and of stoning came to the Jews and Israelites, and since it is nevertheless important that this should be known, I will also adduce confirmations from the Word to show that these two punishments also were representative.

[5] That suspension upon wood, or crucifixion, was inflicted on account of the destruction of good in the church, and that thus was represented evil from infernal love, from which comes condemnation and a curse is evident from the following passages.

In Moses:

"If there be a stubborn and rebellious son, obeying not the voice of his father and mother, all the men of the city shall stone him with stones that he die. And if there be in a man sin and judgment of death, and he be slain, thou shalt hang him upon wood; his carcase shall not remain all night upon wood, but burying thou shalt bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is the curse of God, and thou shalt not defile thy land." (Deuteronomy 21:18, 20-23.)

Not obeying the voice of father and mother, signifies in the spiritual sense, to live contrary to the precepts and truths of the church; the punishment for it was therefore stoning. The men of the city who shall stone him signify those who are in the doctrine of the church, a city denoting doctrine. If there be in a man sin and judgment of death, thou shalt hang him upon wood, means if one has done evil against the good of the Word and of the church. Because this was a capital crime, he was to be hung upon wood, for wood, in the Word, signifies good, and in the opposite sense evil. His carcase shall not remain all night upon the wood, but thou shalt bury him the same day, signifies lest there be a representative of eternal damnation. Thou shalt not defile thy land, signifies that it would be a scandal to the church.

[6] In Lamentations:

"Our skins are become black as an oven, because of the storms of famine; they ravished the women in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah; their princes were hanged up by the hand, the faces of the elders are not honoured, the young men they have led away to grind, and the boys stumble under wood" (5:10-13).

Zion means the celestial church, which is in the good of love to the Lord; was represented by the Jewish nation. The virgins in the cities of Judah signify the affections for truth from the good of love; the perishing of truths from good by falsities from evil is signified by, their princes were hanged up by the hand. The faces of the elders which are not honoured signify the goods of wisdom; the young men who are led away to grind signify truths from good; and grinding signifies to acquire falsities and to confirm them from the Word; the boys who stumble under wood signify goods just springing up and perishing through evils.

[7] Since a baker, just as bread, signifies the good of love, and a butler, just as wine, signifies the truth of doctrine, therefore the baker was hanged on account of his crime against king Pharaoh. (Genesis 40:19-22; 41:13.) This may be seen explained in the Arcana Coelestia 5139-5169). Since Moab means those who adulterate the goods of the church, and Baalpeor signifies the adulteration of good, therefore it came to pass, that all the chiefs of the people were hung up before the sun, because the people committed whoredom with the daughters of Moab, and bowed themselves down to their gods, and joined themselves to Baalpeor (Numbers 25:1-4). To commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab signifies to adulterate the goods of the church; and to be hung up before the sun signifies condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the good of the church.

[8] Because Ai signified knowledges of good and in the opposite sense, confirmations of evil, therefore the king of Ai was hanged on wood, and afterwards thrown down at the entrance of the gate of the city, and the city itself was burned (Joshua 8:26-29). And because the five kings of the Amorites signified evils and falsities therefrom, destroying the goods and truths of the church, therefore those kings were hanged by Joshua, and afterwards cast into the cave of Makkedah (Joshua 10:26, 27). The cave of Makkedah signifies direful falsity from evil.

[9] To be hung upon wood, or crucified, signifies the punishment of evil destroying the good of the church, in Matthew Jesus said,

"I send unto you prophets, wise men, and scribes; some of them ye will kill, crucify, and scourge in the synagogues, and persecute them from city to city" (23:34).

All things which the Lord spoke He spoke from the Divine, but the Divine things from which He spoke fell into the ideas of natural thought and the resulting expressions according to correspondences, like those here and elsewhere in the Evangelists; and as all the words have a spiritual sense, therefore in that sense, prophets, wise men, and scribes, are not meant, but instead of them the truth and good of doctrine and of the Word. For spiritual thought and speech therefrom, like that of the angels, is without the idea of person, therefore by a prophet is signified the truth of doctrine, by wise men the good of doctrine, and by scribes the Word from which is doctrine. It therefore follows, that to kill has reference to the truth of the doctrine of the church, which is meant by a prophet, to crucify has reference to the good of doctrine, which is meant by a wise man, and to scourge has reference to the Word, which is meant by a scribe and that thus "to kill" signifies to extinguish, "to crucify" to destroy, and "to scourge" to pervert. That they will wander from one falsity of doctrine to another is signified by persecuting them from city to city, a city denoting doctrine. This is the spiritual sense of the above words.

[10] In the same,

Jesus said unto the disciples that He must suffer at Jerusalem, and that the Son of Man must be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and that "they shall condemn him, and deliver him up to the nations to be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, and that on the third day he shall rise again" (Matthew 20:18, 19; Mark 10:32-34).

The spiritual sense of these words is, that Divine Truth, in the church where mere falsities of doctrine and evils of life reign, shall be blasphemed, its truth perverted, and its good destroyed. The Son of Man signifies Divine Truth, which is the Word, and Jerusalem signifies the church where mere falsities and evils reign. The chief priests and scribes signify the adulterations of good and falsifications of truth, both of them from infernal love. By condemning and delivering Him to the nations is signified to relegate Divine Truth and Divine Good to hell, and to deliver them to the evils and falsities which are therefrom, the nations signifying the evils which are from hell and which destroy the goods of the church. To be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, signifies to blaspheme, falsify, and pervert the truth, and to adulterate and destroy the good of the church and of the Word (as above). And the third day He shall rise again, signifies the complete glorification of the Lord's Human.

[11] From these things it is evident what is signified in the spiritual sense by the crucifixion of the Lord, also what is signified by the various mockings on that occasion, as that they set a crown of thorns upon His head; that they smote Him with a reed, and that they spat in His face, besides other things related in the Evangelists, signifying that the Jewish nation thus impiously treated the Divine Truth and Good itself, which the Lord was. For the Lord suffered the impious state of that church to be represented in Himself; this also was signified by His bearing their iniquities (Isaiah 53:11). For it was a common thing for a prophet to take upon himself the representation of the impious states of the church. Thus the prophet Isaiah was commanded to go naked and barefoot three years, in order to represent the church as destitute of good and truth (Isaiah 20:3, 4). The prophet Ezekiel bound in cords laid siege against a tile, on which Jerusalem was portrayed, and ate a cake of barley made with the dung of an ox, to represent that the truth and good of the church were thus besieged by falsities and polluted by evils (Ezekiel 4:1-13). The prophet Hosea was commanded to take to himself a harlot for a woman, and children of whoredoms, in order to represent what was then the quality of the church (Hosea 1:1-11); besides other things of a similar nature. That this was bearing the iniquities of the house of Israel or the church is openly declared in Ezekiel (chap. 4:5, 6). From these things it is evident that everything recorded concerning the Lord's passion was representative of the state of the church with the Jewish nation at that time.

[12] Thus much concerning the punishment of suspension upon wood, or crucifixion. It does not belong to this place to confirm from the Word that the other punishment of death, which was stoning, signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the truth of the church, still it is evident from the passages in the Word where stoning is mentioned, as in Exodus 21:28-33; Leviticus 24:10-17, 23; Numbers 15:32-37; Deuteronomy 13:10; 17:5-7; 22:20, 21, 24; Ezekiel 16:39-41; 23:45-47; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; 20:6; John 8:7; 10:31, 32; and elsewhere.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

From Swedenborg's Works

 

The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Teachings #248

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248. The Jewish church and Jews. 1 The statutes, judgments, and laws that were commanded in the Jewish church were somewhat like those of the ancient church: 4449, 4834. How the symbolic rites of the Jewish church differed from the symbolic rites of the ancient church: 4288, 10149. A symbolic church was established for the people of that nation, but there was no real church among them: 4899, 4912, 6304. So they had something that symbolized a church but not an actual church: 4281, 4288, 4311, 4500, 6304, 7048, 9320, 10396, 10526, 10531, 10698. Because of the stubborn insistence of their ancestors and Moses, the Israelite and Jewish people were accepted as a church, not because they actually were a chosen people but rather so that they would symbolize a church: 4290, 4293, 7051, 7439, 10430, 10535, 10632. Their worship was solely external, without any inner worship: 1200, 3147, 3479, 8871. They knew absolutely nothing about inner worship and did not want to know: 301, 302, 303, 3479, 4429, 4433, 4680, 4844, 4847, 10396, 10401, 10407, 10694, 10701, 10707. What they thought of the inner aspects of worship, the church, and the Word: 4865. Their inner natures were foul, full of their love for themselves and the world and of avarice: 3480, 9962, 10454-10457, 10462-10466, 10575. Therefore the inner teachings of the church were not disclosed to them, because otherwise they would have defiled them: 2520, 3398, 3480, 4289. The Word was completely closed to them: 3769. They saw the Word from the outside and not from the inside (10549, 10550, 10551), so their inner self was closed when they were engaged in worship (8788, 8806, 9320, 9377, 9380, 9962, 10396, 10401, 10407, 10492, 10498, 10500, 10575, 10629, 10692). All the same, this people was more capable than any other of being outwardly holy despite the fact that their inner self was closed: 4293, 4311, 4903, 9373, 9377, 9380. Their state at such times: 4311. That is also why they have been preserved to this day: 3479. Their holy outward behavior was miraculously raised up and exhibited to heaven by the Lord, and as a result deeper levels of worship, the church, and the Word were perceived there: 3480, 4307, 4311, 6304, 8588, 10499, 10500, 10602. So that this could happen, they were driven by external pressures to a strict observance of their rituals in outward form: 3147, 4281, 8006. Because they could be outwardly holy without inner holiness, they were able to represent what is truly holy in the church and heaven: 3479, 3881, 4208, 6304, 8588, 9377, 10430, 10500, 10570. Nevertheless, they were not interested in what is truly holy: 3479. It does not matter what a person who symbolizes something is like, because symbolism focuses on the issue and not on the person: 665, 1097, 1361, 3147, 3881, 4208, 4281, 4288, 4292, 4500, 6304, 7048, 7439, 8588, 8788, 8806.

[2] Those people were worse than other peoples; a description of what they were like, including material from the Word of both Testaments: 4314, 4316, 4317, 4444, 4503, 4750, 4751, 4815, 4820, 4832, 5057, 5998, 7248, 8819, 9320, 10454-10457, 10462-10466. The tribe of Judah strayed more than the other tribes: 4815. How they took pleasure in cruelly treating other peoples: 5057, 7248, 9320. That people was idolatrous at heart and worshiped other gods more than other peoples did: 3732, 4208, 4281, 4825, 5998, 6877, 7401, 8301, 8871, 8882. Even their worship, seen in the context of that people, was idolatrous, since it was superficial, with no inner substance: 4281, 4825, 8871, 8882. They worshiped Jehovah in name only (6877, 10559, 10560, 10561, 10566), and only because of the miracles he did (4299). It is incorrect to think that the Jews are going to be converted at the end of the church 2 and brought back into the land of Canaan: 4847, 7051, 8301. A copious selection of passages from the Word on this subject-passages that are, however, to be understood in their inner meaning and therefore not taken literally: 7051. The Word was changed in its outer meaning because of that people, but not in its inner meaning: 10453, 10461, 10603, 10604. The way Jehovah appeared to them on Mount Sinai was shaped by their own nature, so he appeared in devouring fire, thick cloud, and smoke like that of a furnace: 1861, 6832, 8814, 8819, 9434. The way the Lord appears to each of us depends on what we ourselves are really like-as a life-giving and creative fire if we are devoted to doing good, but as a devouring fire if we are bent on doing evil: 934, 1861, 6832, 8814, 8819, 9434, 10551. One lineage of that people was of Canaanite ancestry and two others were the result of fornication with a daughter-in-law: 1167, 4818, 4820, 4874, 4899, 4913. Those stories represent the nature of their relationship with the inner truth of the church, namely, that it was like that of union with a Canaanite or fornication with a daughter-in-law: 4868, 4874, 4899, 4913. Their state in the other life: 939, 940, 5057.

[3] Because despite all this that people symbolized the church, and because the Word was composed among and about them, their names-for example, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Ephraim, Joseph, and the rest-have divine and heavenly meanings. In its inner meaning, "Judah" means the Lord in respect to his heavenly love and his heavenly kingdom: 3654, 3881, 5583, 5603, 5782, 6363. An explanation of Israel's prophecy concerning Judah in Genesis 49:8-12, which is about the Lord: 6362-6381. Both the tribe of Judah and Judea mean the heavenly church: 3654, 6364. The twelve tribes represented and meant all the aspects of love and faith taken together (3858, 3926, 4060, 6335), and therefore heaven and the church as well (6337, 6637, 7836, 7891). Their meanings depend on the order in which they are named: 3862, 3926, 3939, 4603 and following, 6337, 6640. The twelve tribes were divided into two kingdoms so that the Judeans could represent the heavenly kingdom and the Israelites could represent the spiritual kingdom: 3654, 8770. The seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob means the goodness and truth that belong to the church: 3373, 10445.

Footnotes:

1. On problematic material in Swedenborg's works, including his attitude toward Jews, see the discussion in the translator's preface, pages 19-21. [Editors]

2. From early Christian times it has been believed that all Jews will convert to Christianity before the Last Judgment. Augustine refers to this belief as "a very frequent topic in the conversation of the faithful and a very familiar thought in their hearts" ( City of God 20:29 [= Augustine 1952, 557]). The notion is based at least in part on Romans 11:26-27, in which Paul says, "All Israel will be saved," and goes on to quote Isaiah 59:20-21 (from the Septuagint version) and Jeremiah 31:33 (with reference also perhaps to Isaiah 27:9) to the effect that a Deliverer out of Zion will turn away the ungodliness of the descendants of Jacob and thus fulfill God's covenant with them. Malachi 4:5-6 is sometimes also cited in support. This prophecy has been discussed and even promoted by many major Christian theologians over the centuries, and it remains a topic of discussion in Christian circles. [SS]

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.