10262. “一欣” 表足够结合所需的量. 这从 “一欣” 的含义清楚可知, “一欣”, 也就是液体的度量单位, 此处即油的度量单位, 是指足够结合所需的量. “油” 表示主的属天神性良善, 这良善是将天堂里的一切事物联结在一起的本质能力; 因此, 油的度量单位表示足够结合所需的量, 以它们结合在一起的一切或完全. 主的神性属天良善之所以是将一切事物联结在一起的本质能力, 是因为它是一切事物所拥有的生命的本质存在. 事实上, 神性良善通过从它自己发出的神性真理将生命赋予一切事物; 它照着凡接受它之物的特定品质而将生命赋予它们. 天使是接受者; 世人也是接受者. 他们所拥有的真理和良善形成他们的特定品质, 这取决于发生在他们里面的接受, 因而取决于结合.

在圣言中, 经上提到了两种为了神圣的功用或目的所用到的度量单位; 一种用于液体, 被称为欣, 另一种用于干物质, 被称为伊法. 欣用来量油和酒, 伊法用来量面和细面. 用来量油和酒的欣分为四份, 而伊法分为十份. 欣分成四份, 是为了它可以表示将事物联结在一起的东西, 因为 “四” 表示联结或结合. 而伊法分为十份, 是为了它可以表示接受, 其性质或品质用数字来表明; 因为 “十” 表示大量, 全部或一切, 以及完整或完全之物. “四” 表示联结或结合 (参看8877, 9601, 9674, 10136, 10137节); “十” 表示大量, 全部或一切, 以及完整或完全之物, “一百” 也是 (1988, 3107, 4400, 4638, 8468, 8540, 9745, 10253节).

“欣” 用于献祭用的油和酒, 分为四份; 而 “伊法” 用于制作献祭用的素祭的面和细面, 分为十份, 这一点清楚可见于相关经文 (即出埃及记 29:40; 利未记 5:11; 23:13; 民数记 15:3-10; 28:5, 7, 14). 由此明显可知, “一欣” 表示足够结合所需的量, 而 “一伊法” 表示足够接受所需的量. 此外, 油用来将细面结合在一起, 而细面则接受油; 因为素祭是由油和细面构成的.

除此之外还有其它度量单位, 是干物质和液体所共用的. 干物质的度量单位被称为贺梅珥和俄梅珥, 液体的度量单位被称为柯珥和罢特. 一贺梅珥含十伊法, 一伊法含十俄梅珥; 但一柯珥含十罢特, 一罢特含更小的十份; 关于这一切可参看出埃及记 (16:36) 和以西结书 (45:11, 13, 24).

但在以西结书论述新殿的地方, 却出现了伊法和罢特的不同划分. 在那里, 伊法和罢特不是被分为十份, 而是分为了六份; 那里的欣则与伊法相对应, 这明显可见于以西结书 (45:13, 14, 24; 46:5, 7, 11, 14). 原因在于, 那里论述的主题不是属天良善及其将事物联结在一起的能力, 而是属灵良善及其将事物联结在一起的能力; 在属灵国度. 数字 “十二”, “六” 和 “三” 具有对应关系, 因为这些数字表示一切事物, 当论及真理和良善时, 它们表示整体上真理和良善的一切方面或一切事物. 这些事物由 “十二” 来表示 (参看3272, 3858, 3913, 7973节); 也由 “六” 来表示 (3960末尾, 7973, 8148, 10217节); 同样由 “三” 来表示, “三” 表示从开始到结束, 因而表示完整或完全之物, 就真实事物而言, 表示一切或全部 (2788, 4495, 5159, 7715, 9825, 10127节). 这些数字之所以涉及相同的事物, 是因为更大的数字和通过相乘得到它们的简单数具有相同的含义 (参看5291, 5335, 5708, 7973节).

由于 “欣” 也表示足够与属灵真理结合所需的量, 所以献公绵羊时为素祭取一欣油的三分之一, 为奠祭取酒的三分之一 (民数记 15:6, 7); 因为 “公绵羊” 表示属灵良善 (2830, 9991节). 由此可以再次清楚看出, 圣言中所提到的数字表示真实事物. 否则, 摩西五经, 以西结书和其它地方如此频繁地用数字来具体说明数量和度量又有什么目的或原因呢?

9. When one knows that all names in the Word signify things, and that the names of the twelve sons of Jacob, or of the twelve tribes, signify all truths and goods of the church in the complex; and in like manner, the names of the twelve disciples of the Lord; and that "Peter," "James," and "John" signify faith, charity, and the good of charity; he can see many arcana in the Word; as for example, why:

The Lord gave the name Peter to Simon, and to James and John the name Boanerges, which means sons of thunder (Mark 3:16-17).

For "Peter," like petra [rock], signifies the Lord as to truth from good, or faith from charity; and "sons of thunder" signify those who from affection, which is of love, receive the truths of heaven. (That "rock" signifies the Lord in respect to truth from good, or faith from charity, see Arcana Coelestia 8581, 10580; in like manner the "stone of Israel," n. 6426; that "thunders" signify Divine truths from heaven 7573, 8914; and "lightning" the splendors thereof, n. 8813; whence thunders were also called "voices," 7573, 8914)

[2] I will here mention some arcana that may be seen by those who are aware that "Peter" signifies faith, and "John" the good of charity. First, why the Lord said to Peter:

I also say unto thee, Thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build My church; and I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens (Matthew 16:18-19).

It appears from the letter, as if that power was given to Peter, when in fact no power was given to Peter; but it was so said to him because "Peter" signified truth from good, which is from the Lord; and truth from good, which is from the Lord, has all power, thus the Lord has all power from good through truth. (That this is so may be seen illustrated in the small work on The Last Judgment 57.) A second arcanum that may be seen, when it is known that "Peter" signifies faith, is, why the Lord said to him, that:

Before the cock crowed, he would deny Him thrice; which also came to pass (Matthew 26:34).

By these words is signified, that in the last time of the church there would be no faith in the Lord, because no charity; for "cock-crowing," as well as "twilight," signifies the last time of the church (n. Arcana Coelestia 10134); and "three" or "thrice," signifies what is complete to the end (n. Arcana Coelestia 2788, 4495, 5159, 9198, 10127. That the end of the church is when there is no faith, because no charity, see in the small work on The Last Judgment 33-39, seq.).

[3] A third arcanum that may be seen is what is signified by the following words concerning Peter and John:

Jesus saith to Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? He saith unto Him, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love Thee. He saith unto him, Feed My lambs. He saith to him again a second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? He saith unto Him, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love Thee. He saith unto him, Tend My sheep. He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? Peter was grieved because He said unto him the third time, Lovest thou Me? And he saith unto Him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love Thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed My sheep. Verily, verily, I say unto thee, when thou wast younger, thou girdest thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest; but when thou shall be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and bear thee whither thou wouldest not. And when He had thus spoken, He saith unto him, Follow Me. Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved, following, and he saith, Lord, What shall this one [do]? Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? Follow thou Me (John 21:15-22).

What these things signify no one can know unless he knows the internal sense, and knows that "Peter" signifies faith, and "John" the good of charity, thus that "Peter" signifies those in the church who are in faith, and "John" those who are in the good of charity.

That Jesus said to Peter three times, "Lovest thou Me?" and that Peter said three times, "Thou knowest that I love Thee," and that Jesus then said, "Feed My lambs," and "Feed My sheep," signifies that those who are in faith from love, ought to instruct those who are in the good of love to the Lord, and in the good of charity towards the neighbor; for those who are in faith from love are also in truths, and those who from this are in truths, instruct concerning good, and lead to good; for all spiritual good that a man has, is gained and implanted by truths.

(That "lambs" signify those who are in the good of innocence and of love to the Lord, may be seen inArcana Coelestia 3994, 10132; that "sheep" signify those who are in the good of charity towards the neighbor, n. 4169, 4809; and that "to feed" is to instruct, n. 5201, 6078)

[4] Faith, as it was to be in the first period of the church and as it was to be in the last, is then described by the Lord. The first period of the church is meant by "when thou wast younger," and its last by "when thou shalt be old." That when Peter "was younger he girded himself and walked whither he would," signifies that in the first period of the church men would imbibe truths from the good of charity and would act from freedom; for to act from freedom is to act from the affection of truth from good. "When thou shalt be old thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee and lead thee whither thou wouldest not," signifies that in the last period of the church they would no longer imbibe truths from the good of charity, thus would not know them in any other way than as declared by another; and thus would be in a servile state; for a servile state ensues when good does not lead. (That "garments" signify truths, see Arcana Coelestia 1073, 2576, 5319, 5954, 9212, 9216, 9952, 10536; and that therefore to "gird oneself" denotes to imbibe and perceive truths, n. 9952. That to "walk" is to act and live; to act from freedom is to act from love or affection, since what a man loves that he does freely, n. 2870, 3158, 8987, 8990, 9585, 9591. That every church begins from charity, but that in process of time it turns aside to faith, and at length to faith alone, n. 1834, 1835, 2231, 4683, 8094.)

[5] Since, in the last period of the church, faith becomes such that it rejects the good of charity, saying that faith alone constitutes the church and is saving, and not the good of life which is charity, Jesus said to Peter, by whom such faith is here meant, "Follow Me; and Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved, following; and he saith, Lord, what shall this one [do]?" By this is signified that faith, in the last period of the church, would turn itself away from the Lord; for it is said of Peter, by whom such faith is signified, that "turning about, he saw;" also that he said of the disciple whom Jesus loved, or of John, by whom is signified the good of charity, "what shall this one [do]?" that is, that he is not anything. But Jesus said to him, "If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? Follow thou Me." By this is signified that the good of charity will follow the Lord, and will acknowledge Him, even to the last period of the old church, and the first of the new. (That the last period of the old church is called "the consummation of the age," and the beginning of the new church "the coming of the Lord," see Arcana Coelestia 4535, 10622) A fourth arcanum that may be seen is, why the Lord loved John above the rest of the disciples, and consequently why John lay on the breast or in the bosom of the Lord (John 13:23; 21:20); namely, because the good of love was what the Lord saw when He beheld John, who represented and signified that good; since it is that good that constitutes heaven and the church (See the work on Heaven and Hell 13-19). A fifth arcanum is manifest when it is known that John represented the good of love, namely, what is signified by the words of the Lord from the cross to the mother Mary and to John:

When Jesus therefore seeth His mother, and the disciple standing by whom He loved, He saith unto His mother, Woman, behold thy son. Then He saith to the disciple, Behold thy mother. And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own home (John 19:26, 27).

By "mother" and by "woman" is here meant the church, and by "John" the good of charity; and by the things here said, that the church will be where the good of charity is. (That by "woman," in the Word, is meant the church, may be seen in Arcana Coelestia 252-253, 749, 770, 3160, 6014, 7337, 8994; that the like is signified by "mother," n. 289, 2691, 2717, 3703, 4257, 5581, 8897, 10490. That to "take her unto his own home" is that these should dwell together, is evident.)

From this it can now be seen how great arcana lie concealed in the Word, which are laid open to those only who know its internal or spiritual sense. Apart from that sense it cannot be known, moreover, what is signified when it is said:

That the apostles shall sit upon twelve thrones, and shall judge the twelve tribes of Israel (Matthew 19:28; Luke 22:30).

By "apostles" here are meant not apostles, but all truths from good, which are from the Lord; thus by these words is signified that the Lord alone will judge all from truths that are from good, thus that everyone will be judged according to those truths.