¹ καί-C ἀκούω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--NSM *χανανίς-N---NSM βασιλεύς-N3V-NSM *αραδ-N---GS ὁ- A--NSM καταοἰκέω-V2--PAPNSM κατά-P ὁ- A--ASF ἔρημος-N2--ASF ἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S γάρ-X *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ὁδός-N2--ASF *αθαριν-N---GS καί-C πολεμέω-VAI-AAI3S πρός-P *ἰσραήλ-N---ASM καί-C κατα προνομεύω-VAI-AAI3P ἐκ-P αὐτός- D--GPM αἰχμαλωσία-N1A-ASF

² καί-C εὔχομαι-VAI-AMI3S *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM εὐχή-N1--ASF κύριος-N2--DSM καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S ἐάν-C ἐγώ- P--DS παραδίδωμι-VO--AAS2S ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM οὗτος- D--ASM ὑποχείριος-A1A-ASM ἀναθεματίζω-VF2-FAI1S αὐτός- D--ASM καί-C ὁ- A--APF πόλις-N3I-APF αὐτός- D--GSM

³ καί-C εἰςἀκούω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM ὁ- A--GSF φωνή-N1--GSF *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C παραδίδωμι-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--ASM *χανανίς-N---ASM ὑποχείριος-A1A-ASM αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C ἀναθεματίζω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASM καί-C ὁ- A--APF πόλις-N3I-APF αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C ἐπικαλέω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASN ὄνομα-N3M-ASN ὁ- A--GSM τόπος-N2--GSM ἐκεῖνος- D--GSM ἀνάθεμα-N3M-ASN

⁴ καί-C ἀποαἴρω-VA--AAPNPM ἐκ-P *ωρ-N---GS ὁ- A--GSN ὄρος-N3E-GSN ὁδός-N2--ASF ἐπί-P θάλασσα-N1S-ASF ἐρυθρός-A1A-ASF περικυκλόω-VAI-AAI3P γῆ-N1--ASF *εδωμ-N---GS καί-C ὀλιγοψύχω-VAI-AAI3S ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ὁδός-N2--DSF

⁵ καί-C καταλαλέω-V2I-IAI3S ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM πρός-P ὁ- A--ASM θεός-N2--ASM καί-C κατά-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-GSM λέγω-V1--PAPNPM ἵνα-C τίς- I--NSN ἐκἄγω-VBI-AAI2S ἐγώ- P--AP ἐκ-P *αἴγυπτος-N2--GSF ἀποκτείνω-VA--AAN ἐγώ- P--AP ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ἔρημος-N2--DSF ὅτι-C οὐ-D εἰμί-V9--PAI3S ἄρτος-N2--NSM οὐδέ-C ὕδωρ-N3--NSN ὁ- A--NSF δέ-X ψυχή-N1--NSF ἐγώ- P--GP προςὀχθίζω-VAI-AAI3S ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSM ἄρτος-N2--DSM ὁ- A--DSM διάκενος-N2--DSM

⁶ καί-C ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM ὁ- A--APM ὄφις-N3I-APM ὁ- A--APM θανατόω-V4--PAPAPM καί-C δάκνω-V1I-IAI3P ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM καί-C ἀποθνήσκω-VBI-AAI3S λαός-N2--NSM πολύς-A1P-NSM ὁ- A--GPM υἱός-N2--GPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM

⁷ καί-C παραγίγνομαι-VB--AMPNSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM πρός-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM λέγω-V1I-IAI3P ὅτι-C ἁμαρτάνω-VBI-AAI1P ὅτι-C καταλαλέω-VAI-AAI1P κατά-P ὁ- A--GSM κύριος-N2--GSM καί-C κατά-P σύ- P--GS εὔχομαι-VA--AAN οὖν-X πρός-P κύριος-N2--ASM καί-C ἀποαἱρέω-VB--AAD3S ἀπό-P ἐγώ- P--GP ὁ- A--ASM ὄφις-N3I-ASM καί-C εὔχομαι-VAI-AMI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM πρός-P κύριος-N2--ASM περί-P ὁ- A--GSM λαός-N2--GSM

⁸ καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM ποιέω-VA--AAD2S σεαυτοῦ- D--DSM ὄφις-N3I-ASM καί-C τίθημι-VE--AAD2S αὐτός- D--ASM ἐπί-P σημεῖον-N2N-GSN καί-C εἰμί-VF--FMI3S ἐάν-C δάκνω-VB--AAS3S ὄφις-N3I-NSM ἄνθρωπος-N2--ASM πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM δάκνω-VK--XMPNSM ὁράω-VB--AAPNSM αὐτός- D--ASM ζάω-VF--FMI3S

⁹ καί-C ποιέω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM ὄφις-N3I-ASM χαλκοῦς-A1C-ASM καί-C ἵστημι-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASM ἐπί-P σημεῖον-N2N-GSN καί-C γίγνομαι-VBI-AMI3S ὅταν-D δάκνω-V1I-IAI3S ὄφις-N3I-NSM ἄνθρωπος-N2--ASM καί-C ἐπιβλέπω-VAI-AAI3S ἐπί-P ὁ- A--ASM ὄφις-N3I-ASM ὁ- A--ASM χαλκοῦς-A1C-ASM καί-C ζάω-V3I-IAI3S

¹⁰ καί-C ἀποαἴρω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--NPM υἱός-N2--NPM *ἰσραήλ-N---GSM καί-C παρα ἐνβάλλω-VBI-AAI3P ἐν-P *ωβωθ-N---DS

¹¹ καί-C ἐκαἴρω-VA--AAPNPM ἐκ-P *ωβωθ-N---GS παρα ἐνβάλλω-VBI-AAI3P ἐν-P *αχελγαι-N---DS ἐκ-P ὁ- A--GSM πέραν-D ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ἔρημος-N2--DSF ὅς- --NSF εἰμί-V9--PAI3S κατά-P πρόσωπον-N2N-ASN *μωαβ-N---GSM κατά-P ἀνατολή-N1--APF ἥλιος-N2--GSM

¹² ἐκεῖθεν-D ἀποαἴρω-VAI-AAI3P καί-C παρα ἐνβάλλω-VBI-AAI3P εἰς-P φάραγξ-N3G-ASF *ζαρετ-N---GS

¹³ καί-C ἐκεῖθεν-D ἀποαἴρω-VA--AAPNPM παρα ἐνβάλλω-VBI-AAI3P εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASN πέραν-D *αρνων-N---GSM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF ἔρημος-N2--DSF ὁ- A--ASN ἐκἔχω-V1--PAPASN ἀπό-P ὁ- A--GPN ὅριον-N2N-GPN ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM εἰμί-V9--PAI3S γάρ-X *αρνων-N---NS ὅριον-N2N-NPN *μωαβ-N---GSM ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASM *μωαβ-N---GSM καί-C ἀνά-P μέσος-A1--ASM ὁ- A--GSM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GSM

¹⁴ διά-P οὗτος- D--ASN λέγω-V1--PMI3S ἐν-P βιβλίον-N2N-DSN πόλεμος-N2--NSM ὁ- A--GSM κύριος-N2--GSM ὁ- A--ASF *ζωοβ-N---ASF φλογίζω-VAI-AAI3S καί-C ὁ- A--APM χειμάρρους-N2--APM *αρνων-N----S

¹⁵ καί-C ὁ- A--APM χειμάρρους-N2--APM καταἵστημι-VAI-AAI3S καταοἰκίζω-VA--AAN *ηρ-N---DS καί-C προςκεῖμαι-V5--PMI3S ὁ- A--DPN ὅριον-N2N-DPN *μωαβ-N---GSM

¹⁶ καί-C ἐκεῖθεν-D ὁ- A--NSN φρέαρ-N3T-NSN οὗτος- D--NSN εἰμί-V9--PAI3S ὁ- A--NSN φρέαρ-N3T-NSN ὅς- --ASN εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM συνἄγω-VB--AAD2S ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM καί-C δίδωμι-VF--FAI1S αὐτός- D--DPM ὕδωρ-N3--NSN πίνω-VB--AAN

¹⁷ τότε-D ᾄδω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ὁ- A--ASN ἆ|σμα-N3M-ASN οὗτος- D--ASN ἐπί-P ὁ- A--GSN φρέαρ-N3T-GSN ἐκἄρχω-V1--PAI2P αὐτός- D--DSN

¹⁸ φρέαρ-N3T-NSN ὀρύσσω-VAI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--ASN ἄρχων-N3--NPM ἐκλατομέω-VAI-AAI3P αὐτός- D--ASN βασιλεύς-N3V-NPM ἔθνος-N3E-GPN ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSF βασιλεία-N1A-DSF αὐτός- D--GPM ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSN κυριεύω-VA--AAN αὐτός- D--GPM καί-C ἀπό-P φρέαρ-N3T-GSN εἰς-P *μανθαναιν-N---A

¹⁹ καί-C ἀπό-P *μανθαναιν-N---G εἰς-P *νααλιηλ-N---AS καί-C ἀπό-P *νααλιηλ-N---GS εἰς-P *βαμωθ-N---AS

²⁰ καί-C ἀπό-P *βαμωθ-N---GS εἰς-P νάπη-N1--ASF ὅς- --NSF εἰμί-V9--PAI3S ἐν-P ὁ- A--DSN πεδίον-N2N-DSN *μωαβ-N---GSM ἀπό-P κορυφή-N1--GSF ὁ- A--GSN λαξεύω-VM--XMPGSN ὁ- A--ASN βλέπω-V1--PAPASN κατά-P πρόσωπον-N2N-ASN ὁ- A--GSF ἔρημος-N2--GSF

²¹ καί-C ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM πρέσβυς-N3I-APM πρός-P *σηων-N---ASM βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM λόγος-N2--DPM εἰρηνικός-A1--DPM λέγω-V1--PAPNSM

²² παραἔρχομαι-VF--FMI1P διά-P ὁ- A--GSF γῆ-N1--GSF σύ- P--GS ὁ- A--DSF ὁδός-N2--DSF πορεύομαι-VF--FMI1P οὐ-D ἐκκλίνω-VF2-FAI1P οὔτε-C εἰς-P ἀγρός-N2--ASM οὔτε-C εἰς-P ἀμπελών-N3W-ASM οὐ-D πίνω-VF--FMI1P ὕδωρ-N3--NSN ἐκ-P φρέαρ-N3T-GSN σύ- P--GS ὁδός-N2--DSF βασιλικός-A1--DSF πορεύομαι-VF--FMI1P ἕως-C παραἔρχομαι-VB--AAS1P ὁ- A--APN ὅριον-N2N-APN σύ- P--GS

²³ καί-C οὐ-D δίδωμι-VAI-AAI3S *σηων-N---NSM ὁ- A--DSM *ἰσραήλ-N---DSM παραἔρχομαι-VB--AAN διά-P ὁ- A--GPN ὅριον-N2N-GPN αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C συνἄγω-VBI-AAI3S *σηων-N---NSM πᾶς-A3--ASM ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S παρατάσσω-VA--AMN ὁ- A--DSM *ἰσραήλ-N---DSM εἰς-P ὁ- A--ASF ἔρημος-N2--ASF καί-C ἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S εἰς-P *ιασσα-N---AS καί-C παρατάσσω-VAI-AMI3S ὁ- A--DSM *ἰσραήλ-N---DSM

²⁴ καί-C πατάσσω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASM *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM φόνος-N2--DSM μάχαιρα-N1--GSF καί-C κατακυριεύω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--GSF γῆ-N1--GSF αὐτός- D--GSM ἀπό-P *αρνων-N---GS ἕως-P *ιαβοκ-N---GS ἕως-P υἱός-N2--GPM *αμμαν-N---GSM ὅτι-C *ιαζηρ-N---NS ὅριον-N2N-NPN υἱός-N2--GPM *αμμων-N---GSM εἰμί-V9--PAI3S

²⁵ καί-C λαμβάνω-VBI-AAI3S *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM πᾶς-A1S-APF ὁ- A--APF πόλις-N3I-APF οὗτος- D--APF καί-C καταοἰκέω-VAI-AAI3S *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ἐν-P πᾶς-A1S-DPF ὁ- A--DPF πόλις-N3I-DPF ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM ἐν-P *εσεβων-N---DS καί-C ἐν-P πᾶς-A1S-DPF ὁ- A--DPF συνκυρόω-V4--PAPDPF αὐτός- D--DSF

²⁶ εἰμί-V9--PAI3S γάρ-X *εσεβων-N---NS πόλις-N3I-NSF *σηων-N---GSM ὁ- A--GSM βασιλεύς-N3V-GSM ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM καί-C οὗτος- D--NSM πολεμέω-VAI-AAI3S βασιλεύς-N3V-ASM *μωαβ-N---GSM ὁ- A--ASN πρότερος-A1--ASN καί-C λαμβάνω-VBI-AAI3P πᾶς-A1S-ASF ὁ- A--ASF γῆ-N1--ASF αὐτός- D--GSM ἀπό-P *αροηρ-N---GS ἕως-P *αρνων-N---GS

²⁷ διά-P οὗτος- D--ASN εἶπον-VF2-FAI3P ὁ- A--NPM αἰνιγματιστής-N1M-NPM ἔρχομαι-VB--AAD2P εἰς-P *εσεβων-N---AS ἵνα-C οἰκοδομέω-VC--APS3S καί-C κατασκευάζω-VS--APS3S πόλις-N3I-NSF *σηων-N---GSM

²⁸ ὅτι-C πῦρ-N3--ASN ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S ἐκ-P *εσεβων-N---GS φλόξ-N3G-NSF ἐκ-P πόλις-N3I-GSF *σηων-N---GSM καί-C καταἐσθίω-VBI-AAI3S ἕως-P *μωαβ-N---GSM καί-C καταπίνω-VBI-AAI3S στήλη-N1--APF *αρνων-N---GS

²⁹ οὐαί-I σύ- P--DS *μωαβ-N---VSM ἀποὀλλύω-VBI-AMI2S λαός-N2--NSM *χαμως-N---GS ἀποδίδωμι-VCI-API3P ὁ- A--NPM υἱός-N2--NPM αὐτός- D--GPM διασώζω-V1--PMN καί-C ὁ- A--NPF θυγάτηρ-N3--NPF αὐτός- D--GPM αἰχμάλωτος-A1B-NPM ὁ- A--DSM βασιλεύς-N3V-DSM ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM *σηων-N---GSM

³⁰ καί-C ὁ- A--NSN σπέρμα-N3M-NSN αὐτός- D--GPM ἀποὀλλύω-VF2-FMI3S *εσεβων-N----S ἕως-P *δαιβων-N---GS καί-C ὁ- A--NPF γυνή-N3K-NPF ἔτι-D προσ ἐκκαίω-VAI-AAI3P πῦρ-N3--ASN ἐπί-P *μωαβ-N----SM

³¹ καταοἰκέω-VAI-AAI3S δέ-X *ἰσραήλ-N---NSM ἐν-P πᾶς-A1S-DPF ὁ- A--DPF πόλις-N3I-DPF ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM

³² καί-C ἀποστέλλω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσῆς-N1M-NSM κατασκέπτομαι-VA--AMN ὁ- A--ASF *ιαζηρ-N---ASF καί-C καταλαμβάνω-VBI-AMI3P αὐτός- D--ASF καί-C ὁ- A--APF κώμη-N1--APF αὐτός- D--GSF καί-C ἐκβάλλω-VBI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--ASM ὁ- A--ASM καταοἰκέω-V2--PAPASM ἐκεῖ-D

³³ καί-C ἐπιστρέφω-VA--AAPNPM ἀναβαίνω-VZI-AAI3P ὁδός-N2--ASF ὁ- A--ASF εἰς-P *βασαν-N---AS καί-C ἐκἔρχομαι-VBI-AAI3S *ωγ-N---NSM βασιλεύς-N3V-NSM ὁ- A--GSF *βασαν-N---GSF εἰς-P συνάντησις-N3I-ASF αὐτός- D--DPM καί-C πᾶς-A3--NSM ὁ- A--NSM λαός-N2--NSM αὐτός- D--GSM εἰς-P πόλεμος-N2--ASM εἰς-P *εδραϊν-N---AS

³⁴ καί-C εἶπον-VBI-AAI3S κύριος-N2--NSM πρός-P *μωυσῆς-N1M-ASM μή-D φοβέω-VC--APS2S αὐτός- D--ASM ὅτι-C εἰς-P ὁ- A--APF χείρ-N3--APF σύ- P--GS παραδίδωμι-VX--XAI1S αὐτός- D--ASM καί-C πᾶς-A3--ASM ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C πᾶς-A1S-ASF ὁ- A--ASF γῆ-N1--ASF αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C ποιέω-VF--FAI2S αὐτός- D--DSM καθώς-D ποιέω-VAI-AAI2S ὁ- A--DSM *σηων-N---DSM βασιλεύς-N3V-DSM ὁ- A--GPM *ἀμορραῖος-N2--GPM ὅς- --NSM καταοἰκέω-V2I-IAI3S ἐν-P *εσεβων-N---DS

³⁵ καί-C πατάσσω-VAI-AAI3S αὐτός- D--ASM καί-C ὁ- A--APM υἱός-N2--APM αὐτός- D--GSM καί-C πᾶς-A3--ASM ὁ- A--ASM λαός-N2--ASM αὐτός- D--GSM ἕως-P ὁ- A--GSN μή-D καταλείπω-VB--AAN αὐτός- D--GSM ζωγρεία-N1A-ASF καί-C κληρονομέω-VAI-AAI3P ὁ- A--ASF γῆ-N1--ASF αὐτός- D--GPM

¹ Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as Yahweh spoke to me; and we encircled Mount Seir many days.

² Yahweh spoke to me, saying,

³ "You have encircled this mountain long enough. Turn northward.

⁴ Command the people, saying, 'You are to pass through the border of your brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they will be afraid of you: take good heed to yourselves therefore;

⁵ don't contend with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on; because I have given Mount Seir to Esau for a possession.

⁶ You shall purchase food of them for money, that you may eat; and you shall also buy water of them for money, that you may drink.'"

⁷ For Yahweh your God has blessed you in all the work of your hand; he has known your walking through this great wilderness: these forty years Yahweh your God has been with you; you have lacked nothing.

⁸ So we passed by from our brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber. We turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab.

⁹ Yahweh said to me, "Don't bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you of his land for a possession; because I have given Ar to the children of Lot for a possession."

¹⁰ (The Emim lived therein before, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim:

¹¹ these also are accounted Rephaim, as the Anakim; but the Moabites call them Emim.

¹² The Horites also lived in Seir before, but the children of Esau succeeded them; and they destroyed them from before them, and lived in their place; as Israel did to the land of his possession, which Yahweh gave to them.)

¹³ "Now rise up, and cross over the brook Zered." We went over the brook Zered.

¹⁴ The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty-eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the midst of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them.

¹⁵ Moreover the hand of Yahweh was against them, to destroy them from the midst of the camp, until they were consumed.

¹⁶ So it happened, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people,

¹⁷ that Yahweh spoke to me, saying,

¹⁸ "You are this day to pass over Ar, the border of Moab:

¹⁹ and when you come near over against the children of Ammon, don't bother them, nor contend with them; for I will not give you of the land of the children of Ammon for a possession; because I have given it to the children of Lot for a possession."

²⁰ (That also is accounted a land of Rephaim: Rephaim lived therein before; but the Ammonites call them Zamzummim,

²¹ a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim; but Yahweh destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place;

²² as he did for the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, when he destroyed the Horites from before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place even to this day:

²³ and the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorim, who came forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and lived in their place.)

²⁴ "Rise up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of the Arnon: behold, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle.

²⁵ This day will I begin to put the dread of you and the fear of you on the peoples who are under the whole sky, who shall hear the report of you, and shall tremble, and be in anguish because of you."

²⁶ I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying,

²⁷ "Let me pass through your land: I will go along by the highway, I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left.

²⁸ You shall sell me food for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink: only let me pass through on my feet,

²⁹ as the children of Esau who dwell in Seir, and the Moabites who dwell in Ar, did to me; until I shall pass over the Jordan into the land which Yahweh our God gives us."

³⁰ But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Yahweh your God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as at this day.

³¹ Yahweh said to me, "Behold, I have begun to deliver up Sihon and his land before you: begin to possess, that you may inherit his land."

³² Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Jahaz.

³³ Yahweh our God delivered him up before us; and we struck him, and his sons, and all his people.

³⁴ We took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones; we left none remaining:

³⁵ only the livestock we took for a prey to ourselves, with the spoil of the cities which we had taken.

³⁶ From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and [from] the city that is in the valley, even to Gilead, there was not a city too high for us; Yahweh our God delivered up all before us:

³⁷ only to the land of the children of Ammon you didn't come near; all the side of the river Jabbok, and the cities of the hill country, and wherever Yahweh our God forbade us.