86. We can see more clearly from passages where it says nations and peoples that there are in the Word repetitions of what seems to be the same thing for the sake of the marriage of goodness and truth. See, for example, the following passages:

Woe to a sinful nation, to a people weighed down with iniquity. (Isaiah 1:4)

The peoples walking in darkness have seen a great light; you have multiplied the nation. (Isaiah 9:2-3)

Assyria is the rod of my anger. I will send him against a hypocritical nation; I will appoint him against the people of my rage. (Isaiah 10:5-6)

It will happen on that day that the nations will seek the root of Jesse, the one who stands as a sign for the peoples. (Isaiah 11:10)

Jehovah is striking the peoples with a plague that cannot be healed and ruling the nations in anger. (Isaiah 14:6)

On that day a gift will be brought to Jehovah Sabaoth - a people scattered and shaven and a nation measured and trampled. (Isaiah 18:7)

A strong people will honor you; a city of powerful nations will fear you. (Isaiah 25:3)

Jehovah will swallow up the covering that is over all peoples and the veil that is over all nations. (Isaiah 25:7)

Come near, O nations, and listen, O peoples. (Isaiah 34:1)

I have called you to be a covenant for the people, a light for the nations. (Isaiah 42:6)

Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the peoples convene. (Isaiah 43:9)

Behold, I will lift up my hand toward the nations, and my sign toward the peoples. (Isaiah 49:22)

I have made him a witness to the peoples, a prince and a lawgiver to the nations. (Isaiah 55:4-5)

Behold, a people is coming from the land of the north and a great nation from the farthest parts of the earth. (Jeremiah 6:22)

I will no longer let you hear the slander of the nations, and you will not bear the reproach of the peoples anymore. (Ezekiel 36:15)

All peoples and nations will worship him. (Daniel 7:14)

Do not allow the nations to turn [your heritage] into a joke or to say among the peoples, “Where is their God?” (Joel 2:17)

The remnant of my people will plunder them and the remainder of my nation will possess them. (Zephaniah 2:9)

Many peoples and vast nations will come to seek Jehovah Sabaoth in Jerusalem. (Zechariah 8:22)

My eyes have seen your salvation, which you have prepared before the face of all peoples, a light to bring revelation to the nations. (Luke 2:30-32)

You have redeemed us by your blood out of every people and nation. (Revelation 5:9)

You must prophesy again about peoples and nations. (Revelation 10:11)

You will make me the head of the nations; people I have not known will serve me. (Psalms 18:43)

Jehovah makes the counsel of the nations ineffective; he overturns the thoughts of the peoples. (Psalms 33:10)

You are making us a byword among the nations, a shaking of the head among the peoples. (Psalms 44:14)

Jehovah will subdue peoples under us and nations under our feet. Jehovah has ruled over the nations; those who are willing among the peoples have gathered. (Psalms 47:3, 8-9)

The peoples will praise you, the nations will be glad and rejoice, because you are going to judge the peoples with righteousness and lead the nations in the land. (Psalms 67:3-4)

Remember me, Jehovah, in the good pleasure of your people, so that I may be glad in the joy of your nations. (Psalms 106:4-5)

There are other passages as well.

The reason it says both nations and peoples is that “nations” means people who are focused on what is good (and in an opposite sense, on what is evil) and “peoples” means those who are focused on what is true (and in an opposite sense, on what is false). That is why those who are in the Lord’s spiritual kingdom are called peoples, while those in the Lord’s heavenly kingdom are called nations. The underlying reason is that everyone in the spiritual kingdom is focused on what is true and therefore on wisdom, while everyone in the heavenly kingdom is focused on what is good and therefore on love.