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Hesekiel 33

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1 Und des HERRN Wort geschah zu mir und sprach:

2 Du Menschenkind, predige den Kindern deines Volkes und sprich zu ihnen: Wenn ich ein Schwert über das Land führen würde, und das Volk im Lande nähme einen Mann unter ihnen und machten ihn zu ihrem Wächter,

3 und er sähe das Schwert kommen über das Land und bliese die Drommete und warnte das Volk,

4 wer nun der Drommete Hall hörte und wollte sich nicht warnen lassen, und das Schwert käme und nähme ihn weg: desselben Blut sei auf seinem Kopf;

5 denn er hat der Drommete Hall gehört und hat sich dennoch nicht warnen lassen; darum sei sein Blut auf ihm. Wer sich aber warnen läßt, der wird sein Leben davonbringen.

6 Wo aber der Wächter sähe das Schwert kommen und die Drommete nicht bliese noch sein Volk warnte, und das Schwert käme und nähme etliche weg: dieselben würden wohl um ihrer Sünden willen weggenommen; aber ihr Blut will ich von des Wächters Hand fordern.

7 Und nun, du Menschenkind, ich habe dich zum Wächter gesetzt über das Haus Israel, wenn du etwas aus meinem Munde hörst, daß du sie von meinetwegen warnen sollst.

8 Wenn ich nun zu dem Gottlosen sage: Du Gottloser mußt des Todes sterben! und du sagst ihm solches nicht, daß sich der Gottlose warnen lasse vor seinem Wesen, so wird wohl der Gottlose um seines Gottlosen Wesens willen sterben; aber sein Blut will ich von deiner Hand fordern.

9 Warnst du aber den Gottlosen vor seinem Wesen, daß er sich davon bekehre, und er will sich nicht von seinem Wesen bekehren, so wird er um seiner Sünde sterben, und du hast deine Seele errettet.

10 Darum, du Menschenkind, sage dem Hause Israel: Ihr sprecht also: Unsre Sünden und Missetaten liegen auf uns, daß wir darunter vergehen; wie können wir denn leben?

11 So sprich zu ihnen: So wahr als ich lebe, spricht der HERR HERR, ich habe keinen Gefallen am Tode des Gottlosen, sondern daß sich der Gottlose bekehre von seinem Wesen und lebe. So bekehret euch doch nun von eurem bösen Wesen. Warum wollt ihr sterben, ihr vom Hause Israel?

12 Und du, Menschenkind, sprich zu deinem Volk: Wenn ein Gerechter Böses tut, so wird's ihm nicht helfen, daß er fromm gewesen ist; und wenn ein Gottloser fromm wird, so soll's ihm nicht schaden, daß er gottlos gewesen ist. So kann auch der Gerechte nicht leben, wenn er sündigt.

13 Denn wo ich zu dem Gerechten spreche, er soll leben, und er verläßt sich auf seine Gerechtigkeit und tut Böses, so soll aller seiner Frömmigkeit nicht gedacht werden; sondern er soll sterben in seiner Bosheit, die er tut.

14 Und wenn ich zum Gottlosen spreche, er soll sterben und er bekehrt sich von seiner Sünde und tut, was recht und gut ist,

15 also daß der Gottlose das Pfand wiedergibt und bezahlt, was er geraubt hat, und nach dem Wort des Lebens wandelt, daß er kein Böses tut: so soll er leben und nicht sterben,

16 und aller seiner Sünden, die er getan hat, soll nicht gedacht werden; denn er tut nun, was recht und gut ist; darum soll er leben.

17 Aber dein Volk spricht: Der HERR urteilt nicht recht, so sie doch unrecht haben.

18 Denn wo der Gerechte sich kehrt von seiner Gerechtigkeit und tut Böses, so stirbt er ja billig darum.

19 Und wo sich der Gottlose bekehrt von seinem gottlosen Wesen und tut, was recht und gut ist, so soll er ja billig leben.

20 Doch sprecht ihr: Der HERR urteilt nicht recht, so ich doch euch vom Hause Israel einen jeglichen nach seinem Wesen richte.

21 Und es begab sich im zwölften Jahr unserer Gefangenschaft, am fünften Tage des zehnten Monats, kam zu mir ein Entronnener von Jerusalem und sprach: Die Stadt ist geschlagen.

22 Und die Hand des HERRN war über mir des Abends, ehe der Entronnene kam, und tat mir meinen Mund auf, bis er zu mir kam des Morgens; und tat mir meinen Mund auf, also daß ich nicht mehr schweigen mußte.

23 Und des HERRN Wort geschah zu mir und sprach:

24 Du Menschenkind, die Einwohner dieser Wüsten im Lande Israel sprechen also: Abraham war ein einziger Mann und erbte dies Land; unser aber sind viele, desto billiger gehört das Land uns zu.

25 Darum sprich zu ihnen: So spricht der HERR HERR: Ihr habt Blutiges gegessen und eure Augen zu den Götzen aufgehoben und Blut vergossen: und ihr meint, ihr wollt das Land besitzen?

26 Ja, ihr fahret immer fort mit Morden und übet Greuel, und einer schändet dem andern sein Weib; und ihr meint, ihr wollt das Land besitzen?

27 So sprich zu ihnen: So spricht der HERR HERR: So wahr ich lebe, sollen alle, so in den Wüsten wohnen, durchs Schwert fallen; und die auf dem Felde sind, will ich den Tieren zu fressen geben; und die in den Festungen und Höhlen sind, sollen an der Pestilenz sterben.

28 Denn ich will das Land ganz verwüsten und seiner Hoffart und Macht ein Ende machen, daß das Gebirge Israel so wüst werde, daß niemand dadurchgehe.

29 Und sie sollen erfahren, daß ich der HERR bin, wenn ich das Land ganz verwüstet habe um aller ihrer Greuel willen, die sie üben.

30 Und du, Menschenkind, dein Volk redet über dich an den Wänden und unter den Haustüren, und einer spricht zum andern: Kommt doch und laßt uns hören, was der HERR sage!

31 Und sie werden zu dir kommen in die Versammlung und vor dir sitzen als mein Volk und werden deine Worte hören, aber nicht darnach tun; sondern sie werden sie gern in ihrem Munde haben, und gleichwohl fortleben in ihrem Geiz.

32 Und siehe, du mußt ihnen sein wie ein liebliches Liedlein, wie einer, der eine schöne Stimme hat und wohl spielen kann. Also werden sie deine Worte hören und nicht darnach tun.

33 Wenn es aber kommt, was kommen soll, siehe, so werden sie erfahren, daß ein Prophet unter ihnen gewesen ist.

   

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Arcana Coelestia #4769

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4769. 'And killed a he-goat of the she-goats' means external truths received from delights. This is clear from the meaning of 'a he-goat of the she-goats' in the Word as natural truths, that is, truths belonging to the external man which give rise to the delights of life, and also as external truths received from delights, dealt with below. Truths belonging to the external man which give rise to the delights of life are Divine truths such as are present in the literal sense of the Word, which form the basis of the teachings of the genuine Church. These truths are meant strictly speaking by 'the he-goat', and the delights which spring from them are meant by 'the she-goats'. This being so, 'a he-goat of the she-goats' in the genuine sense means those who know truths of this kind and enjoy the delights that spring from them. But in the contrary sense 'a he-goat of the she-goats' means those who know external truths, that is, appearances of truth drawn from the sense of the letter which go along with their delights of life, such as things delighting the body, which are generally called pleasures, and those delighting the mind, which are generally called honours and gains. People of this kind are meant in the contrary sense by 'a he-goat of the she-goats'. In short, 'a he-goat of the she-goats' in this contrary sense means adherents to faith separated from charity, for these people take no other truths from the Word than those which are in agreement with their delights of life, that is, which accord with self-love and love of the world. And they reduce other truths to the same level by the use of interpretations, and in this way they present falsities as appearances of truth.

[2] This meaning of 'a he-goat of the she-goats' as adherents to faith separated from charity may be seen in Daniel,

Behold, a he-goat of the she-goats came from the west across the face of the whole earth, without touching the ground; 1 and this goat had a conspicuous horn between his eyes. Out of one of the four horns there came forth one little hoary, and it grew exceedingly towards the south, and towards the east, and towards the glorious [land]. Indeed, it grew even towards the host of heaven, and cast down to the earth some of the host, and of the stars, and trampled on them; and it cast down truth to the earth. Daniel 8:5, 9-10, 12.

This refers to the state of the Church in general, not merely to the state of the Jewish Church but also to the state of the Church that followed it, the Christian one; for the Word of the Lord is all-embracing. When used in reference to the Jewish Church 'a he-goat of the she-goats' means those who considered internal truths to be worthless; but they did accept external truths, insofar as these were in accord with their loves, which were their desire to be the greatest and to be the wealthiest people. Consequently they did not think of their expected Christ or Messiah as anyone other than a king who would exalt them above all nations and peoples throughout the world and would make these subject to them as the meanest slaves. This was the level to which they reduced their love of Him. As for what love towards the neighbour was, they had no knowledge at all, except as being associated with others with whom they shared the exalted position referred to above and as enjoying material gain.

[3] But when used in reference to the Christian Church 'a he-goat of the she-goats' means those who possess external truths received from delights, that is, who adhere to faith separated from charity, for these people too have no interest at all in internal truths. If they do teach these it is solely so that they may thereby earn acclaim, be raised to exalted positions, and acquire material gains. These are the delights their hearts are set on when they utter truths with their lips. What is more, by wrong interpretations of the truths of genuine faith they make these accord with their own loves. From this one may see what the words in Daniel that are quoted above mean in the internal sense. The phrase 'a he-goat of the she-goats' means adherents to faith separated from charity. The he-goat 'came from the west' means coming from evil, for 'the west' means evil, see 3708. It came 'across the face of the whole earth, without touching the ground' means coming into the whole Church, for 'earth' or 'land' in the Word means nothing else than the earth where the Church exists, and so means the Church, 566, 662, 1067, 1262, 1413, 1607, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118 (end), 2928, 3355, 4435, 4447. 'The horns' it had means powers derived from falsity, 2832, 'a conspicuous horn between the eyes' meaning power derived from reasoning about the truths of faith, as becomes clear from what has been shown regarding the eye in 4403-4421, 4523-4534. 'The one horn which grew towards the south, the east, and the glorious [land]' means the expansion of power derived from faith separated from charity even into states lit by the light of heaven - states of goodness and truth; for 'the south' means a state of light, see 3708, 'the east' a state of goodness, 1250, 3249, 3708, 'the glorious [land]' a state of truth, as is clear from various places in the Word. 'It grew even towards the host of heaven, and cast down to the earth some of the host, and of the stars, and trampled on them' means that such a thing happened to cognitions of good and truth, for 'the hosts of heaven, and the stars' means cognitions of good and truth, 4697. From this one may see what is meant by 'it cast down truth to the earth', namely that faith itself was cast down, which in essence is charity; for faith looks to charity because it stems from it. That which in the Ancient Church was called truth is in the new one called faith, 4690.

[4] 'He-goat' is used with a similar meaning in Ezekiel,

Behold, I am judging between one member of the flock and another, between rams and he-goats. Is it a small thing to you? You feed off the good pasture and tread down with your feet the rest of your pastures; you drink the water that has settled down 2 and stir up the rest with your feet. You butt with your horns all the weak [sheep] till you have scattered them abroad. Ezekiel 34:17-18, 21.

Here also 'he-goats' means adherents to faith separated from charity, that is, those who set doctrine above life and at length have no interest at all in life. Yet it is life that makes the human being, not doctrine separated from life; and it is life that remains after death, not doctrine except insofar as this teaches about life. Of these people it is said that they feed off the good pasture and tread down the rest of the pastures with their feet, and that they drink the water that has settled down and stir up the rest with their feet; also that with their horns they butt the weak [sheep] till they have scattered them.

[5] From this one may now see which persons are meant by 'the he-goats', and which by 'the sheep', that the Lord speaks of in Matthew,

Before Him will be gathered all the nations, and He will separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the he-goats; and He will peace the sheep at His right hand, out the he-goats at the left, etc. Matthew 25:32-33.

The fact that 'the sheep' means those who have charity and therefore have the truths of faith, and that 'the he-goats' means those who do not have any charity even though they have the truths of faith - that is, they are adherents to faith separated from charity - is plain from each detail in this passage, where such people are described.

[6] Which ones are the adherents to faith separated from charity, meant by 'the he-goats', and what kind of people they are, may be seen from the following two places: In Matthew,

Every tree that does not make good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire. Therefore you will know them by their fruits. Not everyone who says to Me, Lord, Lord, will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven. Many will say to Me on that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and by Your name cast out demons, and do many mighty works in Your name? But then I will confess to them, I do not know you; depart from Me, you workers of iniquity. Matthew 7:19-23.

And in Luke,

Then you will begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. But He replying will say to you, I do not know where you are from. Then you will begin to say, We ate in Your presence and we drank; and You taught in our streets. But He will say, I tell you, I to not know where you come from; depart from Me, all you workers of iniquity. Luke 13:25-27.

These are the ones who adhere to faith separated from charity and are called 'the he-goats'. But what is meant by 'he-goats' in the good sense, such as the ones used in sacrifices and those mentioned in various places in the Prophets, will in the Lord's Divine mercy be stated elsewhere.

Footnotes:

1. literally, earth or land

2. literally, the sediment of the waters

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.