The Bible

 

Hosea 4

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1 Höret das Wort Jehovas, ihr Kinder Israel! Denn Jehova hat einen Rechtsstreit mit den Bewohnern des Landes; denn es ist keine Wahrheit und keine Güte und keine Erkenntnis Gottes im Lande.

2 Schwören und Lügen, und Morden und Stehlen, und Ehebruchtreiben; sie brechen ein, und Blutschuld reiht sich an Blutschuld.

3 Darum trauert das Land und verschmachtet alles, was darin wohnt, sowohl die Tiere des Feldes als auch die Vögel des Himmels; und auch die Fische des Meeres werden hinweggerafft.

4 Doch niemand rechte und niemand tadle! Ist doch dein Volk wie die, welche mit dem Priester rechten.

5 Und du wirst fallen bei Tage, und auch der Prophet wird mit dir fallen bei Nacht; und ich werde deine Mutter vertilgen.

6 Mein Volk wird vertilgt aus Mangel an Erkenntnis; weil du die Erkenntnis verworfen hast, so verwerfe ich dich, daß du mir nicht mehr Priesterdienst ausübest; und du hast das Gesetz deines Gottes vergessen: so werde auch ich deine Kinder vergessen.

7 Je mehr ihrer geworden sind, desto mehr haben sie gegen mich gesündigt: ich werde ihre Herrlichkeit in Schande verwandeln.

8 Sie essen die Sünde meines Volkes und verlangen nach seiner Missetat.

9 Und so wird, wie das Volk, der Priester sein, und ich werde ihre Wege an ihnen heimsuchen und ihre Handlungen ihnen vergelten;

10 und sie werden essen und nicht satt werden. Sie treiben Hurerei, aber sie werden sich nicht ausbreiten; denn sie haben es aufgegeben, auf Jehova zu achten.

11 Hurerei, Wein und Most nehmen den Verstand weg.

12 Mein Volk befragt sein Holz, und sein Stab tut es ihm kund; denn der Geist der Hurerei hat es irregeführt, und, ihren Gott verlassend, huren sie.

13 Sie opfern auf den Gipfeln der Berge und räuchern auf den Hügeln, unter Eiche und Pappel und Terebinthe, weil ihr Schatten gut ist; darum huren eure Töchter und treiben eure Schwiegertöchter Ehebruch.

14 Ich werde es an euren Töchtern nicht heimsuchen, daß sie huren, und an euren Schwiegertöchtern, daß sie Ehebruch treiben; denn sie selbst gehen mit den huren beiseite und opfern mit den Buhldirnen; und das Volk, das keinen Verstand hat, kommt zu Fall.

15 Wenn du hurst, Israel, so verschulde sich Juda nicht! Und kommet nicht nach Gilgal und ziehet nicht hinauf nach Beth-Awen, und schwöret nicht: So wahr Jehova lebt!

16 Denn Israel ist widerspenstig geworden wie eine widerspenstige Kuh; nun wird Jehova sie weiden wie ein Lamm in weitem Raume.

17 Ephraim ist mit Götzen verbündet; laß ihn gewähren!

18 Ihr Zechgelage ist ausgeartet: der Hurerei geben sie sich hin; leidenschaftlich lieben seine Fürsten die Schande.

19 Der Wind hat ihn in seine Flügel geschlossen, und sie werden beschämt werden wegen ihrer Opfer.

   

Commentary

 

Wine

  

Wine played a key role in the ancient world, where safe, reliable water sources were scarce. It could be stored for long periods of time; if lightly fermented it was rich in sugar content; it was high in mineral content; it tasted good and generally had intoxicating qualities. Thus it was a valuable commodity and treated with reverence.

Wine is, of course, made from grapes. Grapes – sweet, juicy, nutritious and full of energy-rich fructose – represent the Lord's own exquisite desire to be good to us. That's powerful stuff! But grapes have a short shelf life; you might eat a bunch for a burst of energy, but you can't exactly carry them around with you for long-term sustenance. And so it is with desires for good: They tend to come to us in energizing bursts, but fade away fairly quickly. We need something more stable and lasting.

At some point in the distant past people figured out that if you squeeze the juice from the grapes and let it ferment, the result is a liquid that offers that stability: wine. The spiritual meaning works the same way; if we examine our desires for good, try to understand and think about how to apply them, what we will get are concepts about what good really is, how to recognize it and how to make it happen. And just like the wine, these ideas offer stability and portability. For instance, finding a wallet full of cash on the sidewalk might severely test our desire to be honest, but the idea that "you shall not steal" is pretty hard to shake.

Wine, then, on the deepest level represents divine truth flowing from divine goodness – the true principles that arise from the fact that the Lord loves us and desires everything good for us.

Wine comes in many varieties, though, and is used in many ways. Depending on context it can represent truth that arises from a desire for good on much more mundane levels. You want your children to be healthy so you make them brush their teeth even though they complain and it's a pain in the neck; the truth that brushing their teeth is good for them is wine on a very day-to-day level.

In some cases wine can also actually represent good things that arise from true ideas, something of a reverse from its inmost meaning. This happens when we are in transitional stages, setting higher ideas and principles above our less-worthy desires in an effort to reshape our actions. In that case our principles are the things being squeezed, with good habits the result.

There is also, of course, a darker side to wine. There is a good deal of debate about just how much alcohol wine had in Biblical times, and some of it may indeed have been more like concentrated grape juice. But there are also many references to wine and drunkeness, so some of it, at least, was fairly potent.

On a spiritual level, getting drunk on wine represents relying too much on our ideas, taking logic to such an extreme that we forget the good things we were trying to achieve in the first place.

(References: Apocalypse Explained 376 [1-40], 1152; Apocalypse Revealed 316, 635; Arcana Coelestia 1071 [1-5], 1727, 3580 [1-4], 5117 [7], 6377, 10137 [1-10]; The Apocalypse Explained 329 [2-4]; The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine 219)

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Arcana Coelestia #9323

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9323. 'And He will bless your bread and your water' means the increase of the good of love and of the truth of faith. This is clear from the meaning of 'being blessed by Jehovah' as being made fruitful in forms of good and being multiplied in truths, dealt with in 2846, 3406, 4981, 6091, 6099, 8939, thus an increase in the kinds of things that belong to love and faith; from the meaning of 'bread' as the good of love, dealt with in 276, 680, 2165, 2177, 3478, 3735, 3813, 4211, 4217, 4735, 4976, 6118, 8410; and from the meaning of 'water' as the truth of faith, dealt with in 680, 739, 2702, 3058, 3424, 4976, 5668, 6346, 7307, 8568. Since 'bread' meant all the good of love and 'water' all the truth of faith in their entirety, and since 'being blessed by Jehovah' means every increase in them, people in the ancient Churches were accustomed to express the wish, May Jehovah bless [your] bread and water. It was also common to speak of 'bread and water' when all natural food and drink were to be expressed and all spiritual goodness and truth to be understood; for the latter are what nourish spiritual life, just as the former nourish natural life, 4976.

[2] Such goodness and truth are meant by 'bread and water' in the following places: In Isaiah,

Behold, Jehovah Zebaoth is taking away from Jerusalem and Judah the whole staff of bread, and the whole staff of water. Isaiah 3:1.

'The staff of bread' stands for power and life provided by good, 'the staff of water' for power and life provided by truth. In Ezekiel,

Behold, I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem, so that they may eat bread by weight and with anxiety, and drink water by measure and with dismay; that they may be in want of bread and water, and will be dismayed with one another, 1 and waste away on account of their iniquity. Ezekiel 4:16-17.

'Being in want of bread and water' means being deprived of the good of love and of the truth of faith, as is plainly evident since it says 'that they will be dismayed with one with another, and waste away on account of iniquity'.

[3] The like occurs again in the same prophet,

They will eat their bread with anxiety, and drink their water with dismay, so that her land may be devastated of its fullness, on account of the violence of all who dwell in it. Ezekiel 12:19.

In Amos,

Behold, the days are going to come, in which I will send a famine on the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but for hearing the words of Jehovah. Amos 8:11.

In the first Book of Kings,

The man of God said to Jeroboam, If you were to give me half your house, I would not go in with you; nor would I eat bread nor drink water in this place. For Jehovah had so commanded, saying, You shall not eat bread, nor drink water, nor return by the way you came. But a prophet from Bethel said to him that he had been told by Jehovah that he was to eat bread and drink water with him (he was lying). 2 And he went back with him, and ate bread in his house, and drank water. For that reason he was torn to pieces by a lion. 1 Kings 13:8-9, 16-19, 24.

His refusal to eat bread or drink water with Jeroboam was a sign of his abhorrence of the good there and also of the truth, because they had been rendered profane. For Jeroboam had profaned the altar and all the holy things of worship, as is evident from the historical descriptions at this point in the Word.

[4] A lack of spiritual goodness and truth was meant by the absence of rain for three and a half years when Ahab was king, resulting in a lack of bread and of water, during which time Elijah went to a widow in Zarephath and asked her for a little water in a vessel so that he might drink, and a piece of bread so that he might eat, 1 Kings 17, 18. For 'bread' meant all the good of the Church, and 'water' all the truth of the Church, as stated above. Since such things in those times were representative for the reason that only something representative of the Church existed among those people, and since things of a representative nature were used therefore in the composition of the Word, including the historical section, goodness and truth laid waste was accordingly represented by the lack of bread and water. And because 'bread' meant all the good of love in its entirety, therefore also the sacrifices were referred to as 'bread', 2165, and therefore also the Lord calls Himself 'the bread which comes down from heaven', John 6:48, 50-51; for the Lord is the Good itself of Love.

Footnotes:

1. literally, will be desolated a man and his brother

2. i.e. the prophet from Bethel was lying when he told the man of God that God had commanded him (that prophet) to bring the man of God to his house

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.