The Bible

 

Hosea 4

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1 Höret das Wort Jehovas, ihr Kinder Israel! Denn Jehova hat einen Rechtsstreit mit den Bewohnern des Landes; denn es ist keine Wahrheit und keine Güte und keine Erkenntnis Gottes im Lande.

2 Schwören und Lügen, und Morden und Stehlen, und Ehebruchtreiben; sie brechen ein, und Blutschuld reiht sich an Blutschuld.

3 Darum trauert das Land und verschmachtet alles, was darin wohnt, sowohl die Tiere des Feldes als auch die Vögel des Himmels; und auch die Fische des Meeres werden hinweggerafft.

4 Doch niemand rechte und niemand tadle! Ist doch dein Volk wie die, welche mit dem Priester rechten.

5 Und du wirst fallen bei Tage, und auch der Prophet wird mit dir fallen bei Nacht; und ich werde deine Mutter vertilgen.

6 Mein Volk wird vertilgt aus Mangel an Erkenntnis; weil du die Erkenntnis verworfen hast, so verwerfe ich dich, daß du mir nicht mehr Priesterdienst ausübest; und du hast das Gesetz deines Gottes vergessen: so werde auch ich deine Kinder vergessen.

7 Je mehr ihrer geworden sind, desto mehr haben sie gegen mich gesündigt: ich werde ihre Herrlichkeit in Schande verwandeln.

8 Sie essen die Sünde meines Volkes und verlangen nach seiner Missetat.

9 Und so wird, wie das Volk, der Priester sein, und ich werde ihre Wege an ihnen heimsuchen und ihre Handlungen ihnen vergelten;

10 und sie werden essen und nicht satt werden. Sie treiben Hurerei, aber sie werden sich nicht ausbreiten; denn sie haben es aufgegeben, auf Jehova zu achten.

11 Hurerei, Wein und Most nehmen den Verstand weg.

12 Mein Volk befragt sein Holz, und sein Stab tut es ihm kund; denn der Geist der Hurerei hat es irregeführt, und, ihren Gott verlassend, huren sie.

13 Sie opfern auf den Gipfeln der Berge und räuchern auf den Hügeln, unter Eiche und Pappel und Terebinthe, weil ihr Schatten gut ist; darum huren eure Töchter und treiben eure Schwiegertöchter Ehebruch.

14 Ich werde es an euren Töchtern nicht heimsuchen, daß sie huren, und an euren Schwiegertöchtern, daß sie Ehebruch treiben; denn sie selbst gehen mit den huren beiseite und opfern mit den Buhldirnen; und das Volk, das keinen Verstand hat, kommt zu Fall.

15 Wenn du hurst, Israel, so verschulde sich Juda nicht! Und kommet nicht nach Gilgal und ziehet nicht hinauf nach Beth-Awen, und schwöret nicht: So wahr Jehova lebt!

16 Denn Israel ist widerspenstig geworden wie eine widerspenstige Kuh; nun wird Jehova sie weiden wie ein Lamm in weitem Raume.

17 Ephraim ist mit Götzen verbündet; laß ihn gewähren!

18 Ihr Zechgelage ist ausgeartet: der Hurerei geben sie sich hin; leidenschaftlich lieben seine Fürsten die Schande.

19 Der Wind hat ihn in seine Flügel geschlossen, und sie werden beschämt werden wegen ihrer Opfer.

   

Commentary

 

Wine

  

Wine played a key role in the ancient world, where safe, reliable water sources were scarce. It could be stored for long periods of time; if lightly fermented it was rich in sugar content; it was high in mineral content; it tasted good and generally had intoxicating qualities. Thus it was a valuable commodity and treated with reverence.

Wine is, of course, made from grapes. Grapes – sweet, juicy, nutritious and full of energy-rich fructose – represent the Lord's own exquisite desire to be good to us. That's powerful stuff! But grapes have a short shelf life; you might eat a bunch for a burst of energy, but you can't exactly carry them around with you for long-term sustenance. And so it is with desires for good: They tend to come to us in energizing bursts, but fade away fairly quickly. We need something more stable and lasting.

At some point in the distant past people figured out that if you squeeze the juice from the grapes and let it ferment, the result is a liquid that offers that stability: wine. The spiritual meaning works the same way; if we examine our desires for good, try to understand and think about how to apply them, what we will get are concepts about what good really is, how to recognize it and how to make it happen. And just like the wine, these ideas offer stability and portability. For instance, finding a wallet full of cash on the sidewalk might severely test our desire to be honest, but the idea that "you shall not steal" is pretty hard to shake.

Wine, then, on the deepest level represents divine truth flowing from divine goodness – the true principles that arise from the fact that the Lord loves us and desires everything good for us.

Wine comes in many varieties, though, and is used in many ways. Depending on context it can represent truth that arises from a desire for good on much more mundane levels. You want your children to be healthy so you make them brush their teeth even though they complain and it's a pain in the neck; the truth that brushing their teeth is good for them is wine on a very day-to-day level.

In some cases wine can also actually represent good things that arise from true ideas, something of a reverse from its inmost meaning. This happens when we are in transitional stages, setting higher ideas and principles above our less-worthy desires in an effort to reshape our actions. In that case our principles are the things being squeezed, with good habits the result.

There is also, of course, a darker side to wine. There is a good deal of debate about just how much alcohol wine had in Biblical times, and some of it may indeed have been more like concentrated grape juice. But there are also many references to wine and drunkeness, so some of it, at least, was fairly potent.

On a spiritual level, getting drunk on wine represents relying too much on our ideas, taking logic to such an extreme that we forget the good things we were trying to achieve in the first place.

(References: Apocalypse Explained 376 [1-40], 1152; Apocalypse Revealed 316, 635; Arcana Coelestia 1071 [1-5], 1727, 3580 [1-4], 5117 [7], 6377, 10137 [1-10]; The Apocalypse Explained 329 [2-4]; The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine 219)

From Swedenborg's Works

 

Arcana Coelestia #10642

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10642. 'Therefore you shall overthrow their altars' means that the evil involved in that type of religion and in the worship springing from it is to be rejected. This is clear from the meaning of 'altar' as the chief representative of the Lord and of worship of Him which springs from good, dealt with in 921, 2777, 2811, 4541, 8935, 8940, 9388, 9389, 9714, 9964, 10242, 10245, and therefore in the contrary sense as that which is representative of idolatrous worship, thus worship springing from evil, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'overthrowing' as rejecting. For of altars it is said that they are to be overthrown, but of evils involved in worship, meant by the altars of the nations, it is said that they are to be rejected.

[2] In this verse altars, pillars, and groves are mentioned, and in general they mean everything connected with idolatrous worship, worship that springs from evil being meant by 'altars', worship that springs from the falsity of evil by 'pillars', and religious teachings that go with them by 'groves'. The reason why they were to be completely banished was that those representative objects were not used to worship the Lord but to worship gods, such as the baals and many others, who had once been ordinary human beings. This worship was devilish and hellish, because worshipping human beings instead of God Himself, who is the Lord, is devilish; for a person is linked to whomever he worships.

[3] The situation is this: If a person is worshipped as a god, anyone who comes from hell is linked to him. This is because belief and love create a link; that is, a belief in what is true and a love of what is good link a person to the Lord, but a belief in what is false and a love of what is evil link a person to hell. For everyone has spirits from hell and angels from heaven present with him; without their presence the person could not live. If someone who was once a human being in the world is worshipped by a person the spirits from hell with that person think that they are the ones who are being worshipped (for everyone in hell wishes to be a god), and these spirits transmit that worship to the hellish community they belong to. To the extent therefore that these are worshipped the angels from heaven depart. As a consequence the person is drawn away into hellish desires, till at length, so far as all the life within him is concerned, he becomes like those spirits; and after death he also comes to be one of them. But when the Lord, who is the God of heaven and earth, is worshipped by a person the angels from heaven who are present with that person arrogate none of his worship to themselves, because they ascribe all the truth that people believe and all the good that they love to the Lord, and none to themselves. Through them consequently the way right through to the Lord Himself is laid open, and He then joins them to Himself in faith and love. From all this it may be recognized how extremely important it is to worship the Lord Himself, who has all power in heaven and on earth, as He Himself declares in Matthew 28:18.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.