THE EXPLANATION of Isaiah Chapter 34

(Note: Rev. Smithson's translation of the Isaiah text is appended below the explanation)

1. COME near, O you nations, to hear; and hearken, O you peoples! let the earth hear, and the fulness thereof; the world, and all its productions.

VERSE 1. Here " nations" signify those who are in the Good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the Goods of charity and the Truths of faith thence derived; and therefore it is said of the nations that "they should come near", and of the peoples that "they should hearken." To "come near" signifies to be conjoined by love, and to "hearken" is to obey and to be instructed. Hence also it is said, "Let the earth hear, and the fulness thereof"; the "earth" signifying the church as to Good, and the "fulness" thereof signifying Truths. Apocalypse Explained 331.

2. For the anger of Jehovah is upon all the nations, and His wrath upon all the host thereof: He has utterly destroyed them; He has given them up to slaughter.

Verse 2. By "nations" are here signified evils, and by "host" falsities from evil; the total destruction thereof by their being "utterly destroyed [or delivered to the curse], and given up to slaughter." Apocalypse Explained 573. See also Arcana Coelestia 3614.

Verses 2, 3. The anger of Jehovah, etc. - These things are said concerning the Last Judgment. By "the anger of Jehovah upon all the nations, and His wrath upon all the host thereof", is signified the destruction and damnation of all who are in evils and falsities thence derived, purposely and from the heart; "nations" are those evils, and the "host" or "army "all falsities thence derived. That such should be accursed and perish, is signified by "He has utterly destroyed them, and has given them up to slaughter. "The damnation of those who would perish by falsities, is signified by "their slain shall be cast out"; "slain", in the Word, being predicated of those who perish by falsities, and to be "cast out" is to be damned. The damnation of those who would perish by evils, is signified by "the stench of their carcases shall ascend"; "carcases", in the Word, being predicated of those who perish by evils, and their "stench" signifying damnation. "The mountains shall melt down with their blood", signifies the evils of the loves of self and of the world, and "blood" the falsities connected therewith.

4.Apocalypse Explained 405.

3. And their slain shall be cast out; and from their carcases their stench shall ascend; and the mountains shall melt down with their blood.

Verse 3. From their carcases their stench shall ascend. - Spheres of love and of faith are perceived in heaven as grateful odours; hence it was that aromatics and incense and odours in ointments were made representative in the Jewish church. But spheres of what is evil and false are perceived as stenches of various kinds. A cadaverous stench, as from putrid carcases, is perceived from the hell of robbers and murderers, and an excrementitious stench from the hell of adulters; thus everything evil has its own stench, and everything good has its own fragrance. Arcana Coelestia 925, 4631.

4. And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved; and the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falls off from the vine, and as the falling [fruit] from the fig-tree.

Verse 4. In this passage the sun, moon, and stars are called a "host" or "army", because by the "sun" is signified the Good of love; by the "moon", Truth from Good; and by the "stars", the knowledges of Truth and of Good. consequently they signify Goods and Truths in all their aggregate, which are called an "army" because they resist evils and falsities, and perpetually conquer them as enemies. Apocalypse Explained 573.

These, words are said concerning the day of the Last Judgrnent which was to come, and which also did come; for the Last Judgment predicted by the prophets of the Old 'I'estament, was executed by the Lord when He was in the world; and because then similar things were done to those described in the Last Judgment prodicted in the Apocalypse, which at this day has been performed by the Lord, therefore similar things are here said, as that "the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll", etc., as in Revelation 6:14. Apocalypse Explained 403.

5. For My sword shall be drunken in heaven: behold, on Edom it shall descend; and on the people of My curse, to judgment.

Verse 5. [To denote the interior falsities in the minds of those who are represented by " Edom" in a bad sense; for "heaven" is predicated of the interiors, and the "sword" is said to be "drunken in heaven" when the doctrine of the false, or when false doctrine is so imbued and impregnated with false principles as to be entirely false. As to the meaning of "drunkenness", see Chapter 28:1, the Exposition.]

On Edom it shall descend. - By "Edom" is signified the good of the natural principle to which are adjoined the doctrinals of Truth, but, in the opposite sense, by "Edom" [as in this passage] is signified the evil of self-love when false principles [or false doctrines] are adjoined to it. Many names, in the Word, have also an opposite sense, as has been often shown above, by reason that what is Good and True in the church in process of time degenerates into what is evil and false by various adulterations. Arcana Coelestia 3322. See also further respecting "Edom", Chapter 63:1, 2, 3, 5, the Exposition.

[" Edom", therefore, in a bad sense, denotes all those in the church who, although they bear the Christian name, yet do not, on account of the, prevalence of selfish and worldly love in their minds, concern themselves about the truths of the Word and the spiritual things of the church. They thus remain merely natural; and when, at death, they come into the world of spirits, the judgment described in this chapter is executed upon them. Everyone should earnestly watch and pray against such a state. As to "Edom", see also above, Chapter 11:14, the Exposition.]

6. The sword of Jehovah is filled with blood; it is made fat with fatness: with the blood of lambs, and of goats; with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for Jehovah has a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.

Verse 6. Here by "lambs", "rams", and "goats" are signiiled three degrees of the Good of innocence, spoken of above; but the subject here treated of is concerning the destruction of them by the falsities of evil; for "sword" signifies the false destroying Truth and Good, and "the blood with which it shall be filled" signifies destruction. Inasmuch as by "lamb" is signified innocence, which, viewed in itself, is love to the Lord, therefore by "Lamb", in the supreme sense, is signified the Lord as to the Divine Human; for the Lord, as to that principle, was Innocence itself. This appears in the following passage:

"He was oppressed and affiicted, yet He opened not His mouth; as a lamb He is led to the slaughter." (Isaiah 53:7) Apocalypse Explained 314.

7. And the unicorns shall fall down with them; and the bullocks, together with the bulls: and their land shall be drunken with blood, and their dust shall be made fat with fatness.

Verse 7. By "unicorns", in a bad sense, are meant the falsities of the sensual man S. S. 18.

[These words, as said of "Edom" in a bad sense, involve the destruction of all the semblances of good, denoted by "bullocks", etc., adopted by the natural man during his life in the world, which were confirmed by reasonings from fallacies, and from the literal sense of the Word not understood by means of genuine doctrine. These external semblances of good, which have merely selfish considerations for their origin, are, at the time of Judgment, destroyed by the falsities and by the falsifications of Truth in which they have lived, and which are signified by "the sword being filled" and by "the land being drunken with blood."]

8. For it is the day of vengeance to Jehovah; the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion.

Verse 8. By "the day of vengeance to Jehovah" and by "the year of recompences" is signified the Last Judgment and the damnation of those who, by falsities and evils, have desolated all the Truths of the church, thus "for the controversy of Zion." Apocalypse Explained 850.

Verses 8-10. "The day of vengeance to Jehovah, and the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion", signifies the advent of the Lord, and the Last Jugment then accomplished by Him. "The torrents being turned into pitch, and the dust into brimstone", signifies the hell into which they are cast who are in the falsities of evil, and in the evils of the false. The evil of infernal love and its punishment, is signified by "the pitch burning night and day, and not being quenched"; and the dire false from that evil is signified by "the smoke ascending for ever." Apocalypse Explained 578.

9. And the torrents thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone; and the land thereof shall become burning pitch:

10. By night and by day it shall not be quenched; for ever shall her smoke ascend: from generation to generation she shall lie waste; for ever and ever one shall pass through her;

Verses 9, 10. The land thereof shall become burning pitch; - from generation to generation she shall lie waste, etc. - By "burning pitch" is signified all evil originating in the love of self, by which the church altogether perishes and is devastated; wherefore it is said "The earth [or land] shall be turned into burning pitch; from generation to generation she shall lie waste." Who does not see that such things are not said of the earth itself? Apocalypse Explained 304.

11. But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess her; and the owl and the raven shall dwell there: and He shall stretch over her the line of emptiness, and the plummet of devastation.

12. As to her nobles, none shall be there whom they can call [to] the kingdom; and all her princes shall be nothing.

Verses 11, 12. The "cormorant", the "bittern", the "owl", and the "raven" signify various kinds of, falsity, which exist when the divine Truths of the Word are accounted as nothing. The desolation and devastation of Truth is denoted by "the line of emptiness and the plummets of devastation"; and the falsities which, with such persons, are as primary truths, are signified by "princes." Arcana Coelestia 5043.

Verses 11, 13, 14, 15. These words describe not only the fallen church, but the quality of the unregenerate man. That every man ought to be regenerated is not only declared in the Word, but is obvious also to reason, since he is born with a propensity to evils of every kind derived from his parents, and these have their abode in his natural man, who of himself is diametrically opposed to the spiritual man; and yet he is born to be an inhabitant of heaven, to which place he cannot be admitted unless he be rendered spiritual, which call only be effected by regeneration. Hence it necessarily follows that the natural man, with his lusts, ought to be conquered, subdued, and inverted, for otherwise he cannot stir a step towards heaven, but must needs cast himself deeper and deeper into hell. How plain must this appear to everyone who believes that he is born with a propensity to evils of every kind, and who acknowledges that there are such principles as good and evil, and that the one is contrary to the other: also that there is a life after death, a hell, and a heaven; and that hell is formed by evil, and heaven by good. 'The natural man, considered in himself, as to his nature, differs not at all from the nature of beasts, nay, with regard to his will, to all intents and purposes he is a wild beast; he differs, indeed, from beasts with respect to his understanding, for this is capable of elevation above the lusts of the will, and not only of seeing, but also of regulating them; hence it is that a man is capable of thought from understanding, and of speech fron thought, which beasts are not. What is the quality of man by birth, and what it would be unless he were regenerated, may be seen in savage beasts of all kinds; - he would be a tiger, a panther, a leopard, a wild boar, a scorpion; a tarantula; a viper, a crocodile, etc.; so that unless he were transformed into a sheep by regeneration, what would he be but a devil amongst devils in hell? And supposing the innate ferocity of men under no restraint from the laws of civil government, would they not assault and murder one another, or at least despoil one another of their possessions, even to their very clothes? Are there any of the human species who are not by birth satyrs and priapi, or four-footed reptiles? And who among them, unless he be regenerated, becomes after all anything better than an ape. That external morality, which man assumes for the purpose of concealing his internals, can make him nothing more. True Christian Religion 574.

13. And in her palaces shall spring up thorns; the thistle and the bramble in her fortresses: and she shall become a habitation of dragons, a court for the daughters of the owl.

Verse 13. Treating concerning "Edam", and concerning the "Gentiles", by whom are understood those who are in falsities and evils. The falsities and evils in which they are, are signified by "thorns", the "thistle", and the "bramble"; the dogmas defending them are signified by "palaces" and by " fortresses"; the devastation of all Good and Truth is signified by being "a habitation of dragons" and "a court for the daughters of the owl"; "owls" denoting those 'who for Truth see falsities, and their "daughters" the concupiscences of falsifying Truths. Apocalypse Explained 714.

14. And monsters [Zijim] and wild beasts [Ijim] shall meet together; and the satyr shall call to his fellow: there also the screech-owl shall repose, and shall find for herself a place of rest.

15. There shall the arrow-snake nestle, and lay; and she shall hatch, and gather [her young] under her shadow: there also shall the vultures be gathered together, each one with her mate.

Verse 14. Monsters [ZijimJ and wild beasts [Ijim], etc. - See above, Chapter 13:21, 22, the Exposition and note.

16. Search you out from the Book of Jehovah, and read: not one of these shall fail; not a female shall lack her mate: for His mouth, it has commanded; and His spirit, it has gathered them.

Verse 16. Search you out from the Book of Jehovah, etc. - [These words involve the command to "search the Scriptures", etc., as in John 5:39, and denote that the truths of prophecy, or of the Word, will be certainly fulfilled, and that the fallen state of the church and of the individual unregenerate mind, signified by "Edom", in a bad sense, will experience what is here depicted.]

The necessity of searching the Scriptures may appear from considering the conjunction of the truths of the church with its scientifics, and the manner in which it is effected; for a principle is not to be drawn from scientifics, so that the truths of faith may by them be entered into, since the scientifics appertaining to man are derived from things sensual, thus from the world, whence result innumerable fallacies; but a principle is to be derived from the truths of faith, that is, by this method; - first, the doctrinals of the church are to be learned; and afterwards exploration is to be made from the Word whether they be true, since they are not true because the rulers of the church have pronounced them so, and their followers confirm them to be so, for thus the doctrinals of all churches and of all religions would be pronounced true merely on the authority of the soil in which they are propagated, and of their birth-place; thus not only the doctrinals of the Papists, and also of the Quakers, would be true, but also of the Jews, and likewise of the Mahometans, because their leaders have pronounced them so, and their followers confirm the same. From which considerations it is evident that the Word ought to be searched, and examination to be made from the Word whether the above doctrinals be true; when this is done from the affection of truth, then man is enlightened by the Lord, so as to apperceive, without knowing whence, what is true, and he is confined therein according to the good in which he is principled. Afterwards, when he is confirmed, and thus in an affirmative principle from the Word that they are the truths of faith, it is then allowable for him to confirm them by all the scientifics he possesses, of whatsoever name and nature, for then, inasmuch as a principle of affirmation reigns universally, he accepts the scientifics which are in agreement, and rejects those which, by reason of the fallacies they contain, disagree. Arcana Coelestia 6047.

They who read the Word, and on such occasion look to the Lord, by acknowledging that all Truth and all Good are from Him, and not in the least from themselves, are illustrated, and see Truth and perceive Good from the Word. This illustration is from the light of heaven. Arcana Coelestia 9405.

17. And He has cast the lot for them; and His hand has divided it unto them by the line: they shall possess it for ever; from generation to generation shall they dwell therein.

Verse 17. [These words are quoted in Arcana Coelestia 6343, but only to show the frequent employment of the expressions in the Word to indicate the marriage union of the Good and the True, which is everywhere in the Word, and in which its great sanctity consists. This verse, however, is considered by expositors in general to relate to the desolate state of Edom at the fulfilment of this prophecy, when "the land of Edam would be inhabited for ever by the birds and beasts" mentioned in the previous verses. (See note, p. 359.) But, judging from the internal sense affixed to the margin, it would appear that this verse does not describe the land of Edom as "marked out by the line" for the habitation of wild beasts and for consequent desolation, but for the remnant of those signified by "Edam", who, at the time of judgment, can be delivered from destruction and reclaimed. We know that, at the time of judgment" there are always such "remnants", and such as "escape." (See Chapter 11:11-14, the Exposition.) These" remnants", in the world of spirits, are eventually; after instruction, raised up into heaven, which is "the land they shall possess for ever"; and of those in the church on earth who correspond to these "remnants", the Lord can make a New Church.]

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Isaiah Chapter 34

1. COME near, O you nations, to hear; and hearken, O you peoples! let the earth hear, and the fulness thereof; the world, and all its productions.

2. For the anger of Jehovah is upon all the nations, and His wrath upon all the host thereof: He has utterly destroyed them; He has given them up to slaughter.

3. And their slain shall be cast out; and from their carcases their stench shall ascend; and the mountains shall melt down with their blood.

4. And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved; and the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falls off from the vine, and as the falling [fruit] from the fig-tree.

5. For My sword shall be drunken in heaven: behold, on Edom it shall descend; and on the people of My curse, to judgment.

6. The sword of Jehovah is filled with blood; it is made fat with fatness: with the blood of lambs, and of goats; with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for Jehovah has a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.

7. And the unicorns shall fall down with them; and the bullocks, together with the bulls: and their land shall be drunken with blood, and their dust shall be made fat with fatness.

8. For it is the day of vengeance to Jehovah; the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion.

9. And the torrents thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone; and the land thereof shall become burning pitch:

10. By night and by day it shall not be quenched; for ever shall her smoke ascend: from generation to generation she shall lie waste; for ever and ever one shall pass through her;

11. But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess her; and the owl and the raven shall dwell there: and He shall stretch over her the line of emptiness, and the plummet of devastation.

12. As to her nobles, none shall be there whom they can call [to] the kingdom; and all her princes shall be nothing.

13. And in her palaces shall spring up thorns; the thistle and the bramble in her fortresses: and she shall become a habitation of dragons, a court for the daughters of the owl.

14. And monsters [Zijim] and wild beasts [Ijim] shall meet together; and the satyr shall call to his fellow: there also the screech-owl shall repose, and shall find for herself a place of rest.

15. There shall the arrow-snake nestle, and lay; and she shall hatch, and gather [her young] under her shadow: there also shall the vultures be gathered together, each one with her mate.

16. Search you out from the Book of Jehovah, and read: not one of these shall fail; not a female shall lack her mate: for His mouth, it has commanded; and His spirit, it has gathered them.

17. And He has cast the lot for them; and His hand has divided it unto them by the line: they shall possess it for ever; from generation to generation shall they dwell therein.

4735. 'Do not shed blood' means not to do violence to what is holy. This is clear from the meaning of 'blood' as that which is holy, dealt with below, and therefore 'shedding blood' means doing violence to it. Everything holy in heaven proceeds from the Lord's Divine Human, as consequently does everything holy in the Church. For this reason to prevent people from doing violence to that which is holy the Lord instituted the Holy Supper, in which it is explicitly declared that the bread there is His flesh and the wine His blood, thus that His Divine Human is the source of that which is holy in the Holy Supper. Among the Ancients 'flesh and blood' meant the human proprium, for that which is human consists of flesh and blood. This explains what the Lord said to Simon,

Blessed are you, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. Matthew 16:17.

Therefore the flesh and blood meant in the Holy Supper by the bread and wine are the Lord's Human Proprium. The Lord's actual Proprium which He acquired to Himself by His own power is Divine. His Proprium was since His conception that which He had from Jehovah His Father and was Jehovah Himself, and therefore the Proprium which He acquired to Himself within the Human was Divine. It is this Divine Proprium within the Human that is called flesh and blood, 'flesh' being His Divine Good, 3813, 'blood' Divine Truth that goes with Divine Good.

[2] The Lord's Human, now that it has been glorified or made Divine, cannot be thought of as something merely human but as Divine Love within a human form. This is more true of Him than it is of angels, who - when they come to be seen, as I myself have seen them - are seen as forms of love and charity taking on a human appearance, the Lord enabling this to be so. For it was by Divine Love that the Lord made His Human Divine, even, as has been stated, as heavenly love serves to make someone an angel after death, so that he too is seen as a form of love and charity taking on a human appearance. From this it is evident that in the celestial sense the Lord's Divine Human means Divine Love itself, which is a love directed towards the whole human race whom He wishes to save, making them blessed and happy for ever, and to whom He wishes to impart, insofar as its members can accept it, what is His and is Divine, so that it becomes their own. This love, and man's reciprocated love to the Lord as well as his love towards the neighbour, are meant and represented in the Holy Supper, Divine celestial love by the flesh or bread in it and Divine spiritual love by the blood or wine.

[3] From all this one may now see what is meant by eating the Lord's flesh and drinking His blood in John,

I am the living bread which came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread he will live for ever. But the bread which I shall give is My flesh. Truly, truly, I say to you, Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drank His blood you will have no life in you. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. For My flesh is truly food, and My blood is truly drink. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. This is the bread which came down from heaven. John 6:50-58.

Because 'flesh' and 'blood' mean the Divine Celestial and the Divine Spiritual that proceed from the Lord's Divine Human, as has been stated, or what amounts to the same, mean Divine Good and Divine Truth that proceed from His Love, 'eating' and 'drinking' mean making these things one's own. They become one's own through the life of love and charity which is also the life of faith. For 'eating' means making good one's own, and 'drinking' making truth one's own, see 2187, 3069, 3168, 3513, 3596, 3734, 3832, 4017, 4018.

[4] Because 'blood' in the celestial sense means the Divine Spiritual or Divine Truth proceeding from the Lord's Divine Human, it therefore means that which is holy, for Divine Truth proceeding from the Lord's Divine Human is Holiness itself. There is no other Holiness, nor any other source of it.

[5] As regards 'blood' meaning that Holiness, this may be seen from many places in the Word, of which let the following be quoted here: In Ezekiel,

Son of man, thus said the Lord Jehovih, Say to every bird of the air, to every wild animal of the field, Assemble and come, gather yourselves from all around to My sacrifice which I am sacrificing for you, a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, so that you may eat flesh and drink wine. You will eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth - rams, lambs, and he-goats, all of them fatlings of Bashan. And you will eat fat till you are glutted and drink blood till you are drunk, from My sacrifice which I will sacrifice for you. You will be glutted at My table with horse and chariot, with the mighty, and with every man of war. Thus will I set My glory among the nations. Ezekiel 39:17-21.

This refers to the calling together of all people to the Lord's kingdom, and specifically to the establishment of the Church among gentiles. 'Eating flesh and drinking wine' means making Divine Good and Divine Truth one's own, and so making one's own the Holiness which proceeds from the Lord's Divine Human. Is there anyone who cannot see that here in the references to their eating the flesh of the mighty and drinking the blood of the princes of the earth, and their being glutted with horse, chariot, the mighty, and every man of war, 'flesh' is not used to mean flesh nor 'blood' to mean blood?

[6] Similarly in John,

I saw an angel standing in the sun, who called out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds flying in mid-heaven, Come, gather yourselves together to the supper of the Great God, so that you may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses and those seated on them, and the flesh of all, free men and slaves, small and great. Revelation 19:17-18.

Can anyone ever understand these things unless he knows what 'flesh' means in the internal sense, or what 'kings', 'captains', 'mighty men', 'horses', 'those seated on them', 'free men and slaves' mean?

[7] Also in Zechariah,

He will speak peace to the nations; His dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River even to the ends of the earth As for you also, through the blood of your covenant I will let out your bound ones from the pit. Zechariah 9:10-11.

This refers to the Lord. 'The blood of the covenant' is Divine Truth proceeding from His Divine Human and is the Holiness itself which has gone out from Him since He was glorified. This Holiness is that which is also called the Holy Spirit, as is evident in John,

Jesus said, If anyone thirsts let him come to Me and drink. Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, Out of his belly will flow rivers of living water. This He said about the spirit which those believing in Him were to receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet because Jesus was not yet glorified. John 7:37-39.

As regards the holiness proceeding from the Lord being 'the spirit', see John 6:63.

[8] Further to 'blood' meaning the holiness proceeding from the Lord's Divine Human - in David,

From deceit and from violence He will redeem ¹ their soul, and precious will their blood be in His eyes. Psalms 72:14.

'Precious blood' stands for the holiness which they are to receive. In John,

These are they who are coming out of the great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and have made their robes white in the blood of the Lamb. Revelation 7:14.

And in the same author,

They have conquered the dragon by the blood of the Lamb and by the Word of their testimony; and they did not love their soul even to death. Revelation 12:11.

[9] The Church at the present day knows no more than this, that 'the blood of the Lamb' here means the Lord's passion, for it believes that people are saved solely through the Lord's passion and that it was to endure this that He was sent into the world, a belief which may be enough for the simple who are incapable of grasping interior arcana. The Lord's passion was the last stage of His temptation, by which He fully glorified His Humanity, Luke 24:26; John 12:23, 27-28; 13:31-32; 17:1, 4-5. But 'the blood of the Lamb' here in Revelation is the same as the Divine Truth or that which is holy proceeding from His Divine Human, and so is the same as 'the blood of the covenant' referred to just above, and also in Moses,

[10] Moses took the book of the covenant, and read it in the ears of the people, who said, All that Jehovah has spoken we will do and hear. Then Moses took the blood and sprinkled it over the people. and said, Behold the blood of the covenant which Jehovah has made with you, upon all these words. Exodus 24:7-8.

'The book of the covenant' was Divine Truth as it existed with them at that time, which Truth was corroborated by means of the blood that bore witness to the fact that such Truth proceeded from His Divine Human.

[11] In the ritual requirements of the Jewish Church 'blood' meant nothing other than the holiness proceeding from the Lord's Divine Human. When people were being consecrated blood was therefore used to effect this, as when Aaron was consecrated along with his sons. At that time the blood was sprinkled over the horns of the altar, the residue being poured out at the base of it. Some was also put on the tip of their right ear, on their right thumb and the big toe of their right foot, and on their vestments, Exodus 29:12, 16, 20-21; Leviticus 8:15, 19, 23, 30. And when Aaron went within the veil to the mercy-seat the blood had also to be sprinkled with his finger seven times over the east side of the mercy-seat, Leviticus 16:12-15. Likewise in all other consecrations, as well as expiations and cleansings, mentioned in Exodus 12:7, 13, 22; 30:10; Leviticus 1:5, 11, 15; 3:2 , 8, 13; 4:6-7, 17-18, 25, 30, 34; 5:9; 6:27-28; 14:14-19, 25-30; 16:12-15, 18-19; Deuteronomy 12:27.

[12] As 'blood' in the genuine sense means that which is holy, so in the contrary sense 'blood' and 'bloods' mean things which bring violence to it. This is because 'shedding innocent blood' means doing violence to that which is holy. For the same reason too infamous deeds in life and profane acts of worship are called 'blood'. The fact that such things are meant by 'blood' and 'bloods' is clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

When the Lord will have washed the excrement of the daughters of Zion and washed away the blood of Jerusalem from its midst by a spirit of judgement and by a spirit of purging. Isaiah 4:4.

In the same prophet,

The waters of Dimon are full of blood. Isaiah 15:9.

In the same prophet,

Your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity. Their feet run to evil, and they hasten to shed innocent blood; their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity. Isaiah 59:3, 7.

In Jeremiah,

Yes, in your skirts the blood of poor innocent souls is found. Jeremiah 2:34.

[13] In the same prophet,

For the sins of the prophets, the iniquities of the priests who shed in the midst of Jerusalem the blood of the righteous. They went astray blind in the streets, they are defiled with blood. Things which have no power they touch with their garments. Lamentations 4:13-14.

In Ezekiel,

I passed by you and saw you weltering in your blood, ² and I said to you, Live in your blood; ² I indeed said to you, Live in your blood'. I washed you with water and washed away your blood ² from upon you, and anointed you with oil. Ezekiel 16:6, 9.

In the same prophet,

You, son of man, will you dispute with the city of blood? ² Declare to her all her abominations. By your blood which you have shed you have become guilty, and by the idols which you have made you are defiled. Behold, the princes of Israel, each according to his power, ³ have been among you and have shed blood. Men of intrigue have been among you, [ready] to shed blood, and among you have eaten on the mountains. Ezekiel 22:2-4, 6, 9.

In Moses,

If anyone sacrifices anywhere else than on the altar at the tent of meeting it shall be [regarded as] blood, and as though he had shed blood. Leviticus 17:1-9.

[14] Truth that has been falsified and rendered profane is meant in the following references to 'blood': In Joel,

I will give portents in the heavens and on earth, blood and fire, and columns of smoke. The sun will be turned into thick darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Jehovah comes. Joel 2:30-31.

In John,

The sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the full moon became like blood. Revelation 6:12.

In the same author,

The second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was thrown into the sea, and a third part of the sea became blood. Revelation 8:8.

In the same author,

The second angel poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became like the blood of one dead, from which every living soul died in the sea. The third angel poured out his bowl into the rivers and into the fountains of water, and blood was made. Revelation 16:3-4.

[15] A similar meaning occurs in the turning of the rivers, pools and ponds in Egypt into blood, Exodus 7:15-22, for 'Egypt' means knowledge which enters of its own accord into heavenly arcana and as a consequence perverts Divine truths, refuses to accept them, and renders them profane, 1164, 1165, 1186. Being Divine ones, all the miracles performed in Egypt embodied the same kind of meanings. 'The rivers' which were turned into blood means the truths that go with intelligence and wisdom, 108, 109, 3051, as likewise do 'waters', 680, 2702, 3058, and 'springs', 2702, 3096, 3424. 'Seas' means factual truths taken as a single whole, 28. 'The moon', which, it is also said, is to be turned into blood, means Divine Truth, 1529-1531, 2495, 4060. From this it is evident that the turning of the moon, sea, springs, waters, and rivers into blood means Truth that has been falsified and rendered profane.

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