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出エジプト記 22

勉強

   

1 もし人が牛またはを盗んで、これを殺し、あるいはこれを売るならば、彼は一頭の牛のために五頭の牛をもって、一頭ののために頭のをもって償わなければならない。

12 けれども、それがまさしく自分の所から盗まれた時は、その持ち主に償わなければならない。

43 a. しかし日がのぼって後ならば、その人に血を流した罪がある。b. 彼は必ず償わなければならない。もし彼に何もない時は、彼はその盗んだ物のために身を売られるであろう。

4 もしその盗んだ物がなお生きて、彼のもとにあれば、それは牛、ろば、羊のいずれにせよ、これを倍にして償わなければならない。

5 もし人がまたはぶどう畑のものを食わせ、その家畜を放って他人ののものを食わせた時は、自分のの最も良い物と、ぶどう畑の最も良い物をもって、これを償わなければならない。

6 もしが出て、いばらに移り、積みあげた麦束、または立穂、またはを焼いたならば、そのを燃やした者は、必ずこれを償わなければならない。

7 もし人が金銭または物品の保管を隣人に託し、それが隣人のから盗まれた時、その盗びとが見つけられたならば、これを倍にして償わせなければならない。

8 もし盗びとが見つけられなければ、の主人を神の前に連れてきて、彼が隣人の持ち物にをかけたかどうかを、確かめなければならない。

9 牛であれ、ろばであれ、羊であれ、衣服であれ、あるいはどんな失った物であれ、それについて言い争いが起り『これがそれです』と言う者があれば、その双方の言い分を、神の前に持ち出さなければならない。そしてが有罪と定められる者は、それを倍にしてその相手に償わなければならない。

10 もし人が、ろば、または牛、または羊、またはどんな家畜でも、それを隣人に預けて、それが死ぬか、傷つくか、あるいは奪い去られても、それを見た者がなければ、

11 双方の間に、隣人の持ち物にをかけなかったという誓いが、主の前になされなければならない。そうすれば、持ちはこれを受け入れ、隣人は償うに及ばない。

13 もしそれが裂き殺された時は、それを証拠として持って来るならば、その裂き殺されたものは償うに及ばない。

14 もし人が隣人から家畜を借りて、それが傷つき、または死ぬ場合、その持ち主がそれと共にいない時は、必ずこれを償わなければならない。

15 もしその持ち主がそれと共におれば、それを償うに及ばない。もしそれが賃借りしたものならば、その借賃をそれに当てなければならない。

16 もし人がまだ婚約しない処女を誘って、これと寝たならば、彼は必ずこれに花嫁料を払って、としなければならない。

17 もしその父がこれをその人に与えることをかたく拒むならば、彼は処女の花嫁料に当るほどの金を払わなければならない。

18 魔法使の女は、これを生かしておいてはならない。

19 すべてを犯す者は、必ず殺されなければならない。

20 主のほか、他の神々に犠牲をささげる者は、断ち滅ぼされなければならない。

21 あなたは寄留の他人を苦しめてはならない。また、これをしえたげてはならない。あなたがたも、かつてエジプトで、寄留の他人であったからである。

22 あなたがたはすべて寡婦、または孤児を悩ましてはならない。

23 もしあなたが彼らを悩まして、彼らがわたしにむかって叫ぶならば、わたしは必ずその叫びを聞くであろう。

24 そしてわたしの怒りは燃えたち、つるぎをもってあなたがたを殺すであろう。あなたがたのは寡婦となり、あなたがたの供たちは孤児となるであろう。

25 あなたが、共におるわたしの民の貧しい者に金を貸す時は、これに対して金貸しのようになってはならない。これから利子を取ってはならない。

26 もし隣人の上着を質に取るならば、日の入るまでにそれを返さなければならない。

27 これは彼の身をおおう、ただ一つの物、彼の膚のための着物だからである。彼は何を着て寝ることができよう。彼がわたしにむかって叫ぶならば、わたしはこれに聞くであろう。わたしはあわれみ深いからである。

28 あなたはをののしってはならない。また民の司をのろってはならない。

29 あなたの豊かな穀物と、あふれる酒とをささげるに、ためらってはならない。

30 あなたはまた、あなたの牛とをも同様にしなければならない。七の間そのと共に置いて、八目にそれをわたしに、ささげなければならない。

31 あなたがたは、わたしに対して聖なる民とならなければならない。あなたがたは、野で裂き殺されたもののを食べてはならない。それはに投げ与えなければならない。

   

スウェーデンボルグの著作から

 

Arcana Coelestia#9141

この節の研究

  
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9141. 'And causing devastation in another's field' means consuming interconnected forms of good. This is clear from the meaning of 'devastating' as a stripping away, thus a consuming, by evil desires, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'in another's field' as interconnected forms of good. 'Field' means the Church, and the crop in the field means forms of good, 9139, so that the crop 'in another's field' means forms of good which are adjacent and interconnected with one another. For the forms of good present with a person are like generations on earth, and therefore stand at different distances from one another and vary in their interconnections, 9079. Those that are not in the same household or together in the same family, but are nevertheless related, are what 'being in another's field' is used to mean.

[2] The reason why 'devastating' means a stripping away, and so a consuming, by evil desires is that the proper meaning of the actual word used in the original language to denote 'devastating' is setting alight and burning, and so also feeding on and consuming. And since this is what the word is derived from, 'causing devastation' here means consuming, which is done by evil desires; for evil desires in a person are consuming fires. There is present in everyone the fire of life and the light of life; the fire of life is his love, and the light of life is his belief. The love of good, that is, love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour, compose the fire of life in a good person and in an angel of heaven, and the love of truth and belief in truth compose the light of life in them. But the love of evil, that is, self-love and love of the world, compose the fire of life in a bad person and in a spirit in hell, and the love of falsity and belief in falsity compose the inferior light of life in them. In the Word however the love of evil is called a burning fire, because it burns up and consumes those things that are forms of the love of good and truth. For this meaning of a burning fire, see 1297, 1861, 5215, 9055.

[3] The fact that a consuming by evil desires is meant by the actual word used in the original language is evident from the following places: In Isaiah,

Jehovah will enter into judgement with the elders of His people and with their princes. You have consumed (set alight) the vineyard. Isaiah 3:14.

In the same prophet,

The breath of Jehovah like a river of brimstone consumes it (sets it on fire). Isaiah 30:33.

'A river of brimstone' means falsities streaming from the evils of self-love and love of the world, 2446.

[4] In Ezekiel,

The inhabitants of the cities of Israel will go out, and they will set alight and burn the weapons, both shield and buckler, together with bow and arrows, and hand-staff, and spear; they will set fire to them for seven years, that they may not bring wood from the field nor cut down any from the forests. Ezekiel 39:9-10.

This serves to describe the consumption and devastation of good and truth by evil desires. But is anyone going to recognize this unless he knows what is meant by the inhabitants of the cities of Israel, also what is meant by weapons, shield, buckler, bow and arrows, by hand-staff and spear, by seven years, and by wood from the field and from the forests? 'The inhabitants' are forms of good, see 2268, 2451, 2712; 'the cities' are truths, and therefore matters of doctrine drawn from the Word, 2268, 2449, 2943, 3216, 4492; and 'Israel' is the Church, 4286, 6426, 6637. Therefore 'the inhabitants of the cities of Israel' are forms of good that belong to matters of doctrine taught by the Church, and in the contrary sense these things when they have been turned into evils and falsities. 'Shield', 'buckler', and 'the bow's arrows' are truths belonging to religious teachings drawn from the Word, which serve to protect against falsities arising from evil, 2686, 2709, 6422. 'Hand-staff' is the power of truth derived from good, 4876, 7026; 1 and 'spear' in like manner means power, though that which is more internal. 'Seven years' is a complete state, thus to completeness, 6508, 8976, so that 'setting fire to for seven years' is a complete consumption by evil desires. 'Wood from the field' is the Church's more internal forms of good, 3720, 8354, 'the field' being the Church, 2971, 3766, 7502, 7571; and 'wood from the forests' is more external forms of good, 3220, 9011 (end). When aware of all this a person can then know that these words spoken by the prophet describe the consuming of all things of the Church by evil desires, until none at all of the internal or of the external Church's good or truth is left, meant by 'they will set fire to them for seven years, that they may not bring wood from the field nor cut down any from the forests'.

[5] A further use of the same word to describe the consumption of the Church's good and truth occurs in Malachi,

Behold, the day is coming, burning like an oven, in which all who are sinning insolently, and everyone who performs wickedness, will be stubble; and the day that is coming will consume (set fire to) them, said Jehovah Zebaoth, who will leave them neither root nor branch. Malachi 4:1.

'The day that is coming' is the final period of the Church, when self-love and love of the world are going to reign and to consume all the Church's truths and forms of good, until none at all is left in a person inwardly or outwardly. These things are meant by the statement that 'He will leave them neither root nor branch'; 'the root' of good and truth exists in a person inwardly, and 'the branch' in him outwardly. From all this it is now evident that 'devastating' means a consuming by evil desires, in the same way as it does elsewhere in the Word.

脚注:

1. The Latin words rendered hand-staff mean literally rod of the hand.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

スウェーデンボルグの著作から

 

Arcana Coelestia#5215

この節の研究

  
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5215. 'And scorched by an east wind' means full of evil desires. This is clear from the meaning of 'being scorched by an east wind' as being consumed by the fire of evil desires. For an east wind' and the east' in the genuine sense mean love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour, lot, 1250, 3249, 3708, 3762, and therefore in the contrary sense self-love and love of the world, and so cravings and evil desires since these spring from those loves. The word 'fire' is used to refer to such desires for the reason dealt with in 5071, and therefore 'being scorched' is used also.

[2] There are two sources of heat, as there are also two sources of light, the one source of heat being the sun of this world, the other source of heat being the sun of heaven, which is the Lord. It is a well known fact that the sun of this world pours out heat into its own world and onto everything there, but it is a less well known fact that the sun of heaven pours out heat into the whole of heaven. Yet this too may become an equally well known fact if one reflects merely on the heat which exists intrinsically in the human being but which has nothing in common with the heat of the world, that is, if one reflects on what is called vital heat. From this one could know that this heat is of a different nature from the world's heat. That is to say, the former is a living heat but the latter is not at all a living one; also the former, being a living one, fires a person interiorly, namely his will and understanding, imparting to him desires and loves, and affections too. This also explains why desires, loves and affections are spiritual forms of heat, and are also called such. The fact that they are forms of heat is quite evident, for heat is radiated from all parts of the bodies of live persons, even where it is intensely cold. More than that, when desires and affections, that is, when loves, increase, the body grows correspondingly warmer. This kind of heat is what is meant in the Word by 'heat', 'fire', and 'flame'; in the genuine sense celestial and spiritual love is meant, in the contrary sense bodily and earthly love. From this it becomes clear that here 'being scorched by an east wind' means being consumed by the fire of evil desires, and that when used in reference to known facts meant by 'heads' that are 'thin', facts full of evil desires are meant.

[3] 'The east wind' means the blasts of evil desires and of derivative false notions, as is clear from places in the Word where that wind is mentioned, for example, in David,

He caused an east wind to blow 1 in the heavens, and by His power He brought forth the south wind; and He caused flesh to rain onto them like the dust, winged birds like the sand of the sea. Psalms 78:26-27.

'The flesh' which that wind brought meant cravings, and 'winged birds' resulting false notions, as is evident in Numbers 11:31-35, where it is said that the name of the place where the people were struck down for eating flesh was called 'the graves of craving, for there they buried the people who had the craving'.

[4] In Ezekiel,

Behold, the vine that was planted, will it thrive? When the east wind strikes it, will it not wither completely? It will wither on the small spaces where it began to grow. Ezekiel 17:10.

And in the same prophet,

The vine has been plucked up in anger, it has been cast down onto the ground, and the east wind has dried its fruit. They have been plucked out and have withered, each rod of its strength; fire has consumed each one. For fire has gone out from a rod of its branches and has consumed its fruit, so that there is no rod of strength in it, a sceptre for dominion. Ezekiel 19:12, 14.

Here 'the east wind' stands for the blasts of evil desires. In Isaiah,

He gave thought to His rough wind, on the day of the east wind. Isaiah 17:8.

[5] In Hosea,

An east wind will come, Jehovah's wind rising up from the desert, and his spring will become dry, and his fountain dried up. It will strip his treasury of every precious vessel. Hosea 13:15.

Here also 'an east wind' stands for blasts of evil desires. Similarly in Jeremiah,

Like an east wind I will scatter them before the enemy. Jeremiah 18:17.

[6] In David,

By means of an east wind You will shatter the ships of Tarshish. Psalms 48:7.

In Isaiah,

You have forsaken Your people, the house of Jacob, because they have been filled from the east wind, and they are diviners like the Philistines. Isaiah 2:6.

In Hosea,

Ephraim feeds the wind, and pursues the east wind. All the day long he multiplies lies and devastation. Hosea 11:1.

'The wind' here stands for false notions, and 'the east wind' for evil desires. Something similar is also meant in the internal sense by 'an east wind' by means of which 'locusts were brought forth' and by means of which 'the locusts were cast into the sea', 2 Exodus 10:13, 19, and also by means of which 'the waters of the sea Suph' were divided, Exodus 14:21.

脚注:

1. literally, set out

2. According to Exodus 10:19 a west wind cast the locusts into the sea.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.