1327. Jéhovah confondit la lèvre de toute la terre, signifie l'état de cette Eglise Ancienne, dans laquelle le culte interne commençait à se détruire : c'est ce qui est évident, en ce qu'il est dit : la lèvre de toute la terre, et non ; comme au verset 1, la lèvre de ceux qui avaient commencé de bâtir la ville et la tour ; la face de toute la terre signifie l'état de l'Eglise, car la terre c'est l'Eglise, comme je l'ai déjà expliqué, numéros 662, 1066. Voici ce qui arriva à l'égard des Eglises après le déluge. Il y eut trois Eglises dont il est spécialement fait mention dans la Parole, savoir : la Première Eglise Ancienne, qui fut nommée Noach ; la Seconde Eglise Ancienne, qui tira son nom d'Eber ; et la Troisième Eglise Ancienne, qui prit son nom de Jacob, et ensuite de Judah et d'Israël. Quant à ce qui concerne la Première Eglise, savoir, celle qui fut nommée Noach, elle fut comme la mère de celles qui suivirent ; et selon ce qui a coutume d'arriver aux Eglises dans leurs commencements, elle eut plus de pureté et d'innocence, comme on le voit aussi par le premier Verset de ce Chapitre, où il est dit qu'il y avait en elle une seule lèvre, c'est-à-dire une même doctrine, en ce sens que la charité était pour tous l'essentiel ; mais par succession de temps, ainsi qu'il arrive ordinairement aux Eglises, elle commença aussi à tomber, et surtout en ce que plusieurs de ceux qui la composaient commencèrent à tourner le culte sur eux-mêmes pour s'élever ainsi au-dessus des autres, comme on le voit ci-dessus, Vers. 4 ; car ils dirent :

« Bâtissons-nous une ville et une tour, et que son sommet » soit dans le ciel, et faisons-nous un nom. de tels hommes ne purent être dans l'Eglise que comme une sorte de ferment ou comme des torches incendiaires. Lorsque par là le danger de la profanation de la sainteté, dont j'ai parlé numéros 571, 582, fut imminent, l'état de cette Eglise fut changé par la Providence du Seigneur, c'est-à-dire que son culte interne périt et que le culte externe resta, ce qui est signifié ici par ces mots : Jéhovah confondit la lèvre de toute la terre. De là il est évident aussi qu'un tel culte, qui est appelé Babel, n'eut point de force dans la Première Eglise Ancienne, mais qu'il prévalut dans les Eglises suivantes, lorsqu'on commença à adorer les hommes comme des Dieux, surtout après leur mort ; de là tant de Dieux chez les nations. Pourquoi fut-il permis que le culte interne périt et que l'externe restât ? Ce fut pour qu'il n'y eut pas profanation de la sainteté. La profanation de la sainteté entraîne avec soi à damnation éternelle. Nul ne peut profaner la sainteté, à moins qu'il n'ait les connaissances de la foi et qu'il ne les reconnaisse ; or celui qui ne les a point ne peut les reconnaître, ni à plus forte raison les profaner. Ce sont les internes qui peuvent être profanés ; car la sainteté est dans les internes et non dans les externes il en est de cela comme d'un homme qui fait le mal sans penser au mal ; le mal qu'il fait ne peut lui être imputé, de même qu'on ne peut l'imputer non plus à celui qui le fait sans propos délibéré, ou à celui qui manque de rationalité : ainsi celui qui ne croit pas qu'il existe une vie après la mort, mais qui a néanmoins un culte externe, ne peut profaner les choses qui appartiennent à la vie éternelle, parce qu'il ne croit pas qu'elles existent. Il en est autrement pour ceux qui connaissent et qui reconnaissent. Voilà aussi pourquoi il est permis à l'homme de vivre plutôt dans les voluptés et dans les cupidités, et de s'éloigner par elles des internes, que d'arriver à la connaissance et à la reconnaissance des internes et de les profaner. C'est pour cela qu'il est permis aux Juifs de se plonger aujourd'hui dans l'avarice, pour qu'ils s'éloignent ainsi le plus possible de la reconnaissance des internes ; car ils sont tels que s'ils les reconnaissaient, il ne pourraient s'empêcher de profaner : rien n'éloigne plus des internes que l'avarice, parce que c'est la plus basse cupidité terrestre. Il en est de même d'un grand nombre de personnes qui sont dans l'Eglise, et il en est aussi de même des nations qui sont hors de l'Eglise ; celles-ci, savoir, les nations, peuvent moins que tous autres profaner. C'est donc par cette raison qu'il est dit ici que Jéhovah confondit la lèvre de toute la terre ; et que ces mots signifient qu'il y eut dans cette Eglise un changement d'état, c'est-à-dire que son culte devint externe sans renfermer en lui aucun culte interne. La même chose fut représentée et signifiée par la captivité de Babylone où furent emmenés les Israélites et ensuite les Juifs ; il en est ainsi parlé dans Jérémie :

« Et il arrivera que la nation et le royaume qui ne serviraient pas le roi de Babel, et quiconque ne met pas son cou sous le joug du roi de Babel, je visiterai cette nation par l'épée, et par la famine, et par la peste, jusqu'à ce que je les consumé par sa main. » - Jérémie 27:8, [Il manque du texte ici], Jérémie 29:16-17.

Rester dans la ville et n'en point sortir pour aller vers le roi de Babel, représentait et signifiait ceux qui étaient dans les connaissances des internes ou des vérités de la foi et qui les profanaient ; il est dit que l'épée, la famine et la peste, qui sont les peines de la profanation, seraient envoyées centre eux, et qu'ils deviendraient comme des figues sauvages. Que par Babel soient signifiés ceux qui privent les autres de toute connaissance et de toute reconnaissance du vrai, c'est aussi ce qui a été représenté et signifié dans le même Prophète par ces paroles :

« Je livrerai tout Juda dans la main du roi de Babel ; et il les transportera dans Babel, et il les frappera de l'épée ; et je livrerai toutes les richesses de cette ville, et tout son travail, et tout ce qu'elle a de précieux, et tous les trésors des rois de Juda ; je (les) livrerai dans la main de leurs ennemis, et ils les pilleront, et ils s'en empareront. » - Jérémie 20:4-5.

Là, toutes les richesses, tout le travail, tout ce qu'il y a de précieux, tous les trésors des rois de Juda, signifient, dans le sens interne, les connaissances de la foi.

Dans le Même :

« J'amènerai avec les familles du septentrion le roi de Babel sur cette terre, et » sur ses habitants et sur toutes ces nations des environs, et je les dévouerai à l'extermination, et je les mettrai en désolation, et en sifflement et en dévastations du siècle ; et toute cette terre sera en dévastation. » - Jérémie 25:9, 11.

Ici est décrite la dévastation par Babel des intérieurs de la foi ou du culte interne ; car celui qui est dans le culte de soi-même n'a aucun vrai de la foi, et il détruit, dévaste et conduit en captivité tout ce qui est vrai ; aussi Babel est-elle appelée montagne de corruption, - Jérémie 51:25.

Voir en outre ce qui a déjà été dit de Babel, numéro 1182.

331. And people and nation, signifies who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and of His celestial church. This is evident from the signification of "people" and "nation" in the Word, "people" signifying those who are in spiritual good, thus those who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and "nation" those who are in celestial good, thus those who are of the Lord's celestial church. That there are two kingdoms into which the heavens are divided, namely, the celestial kingdom and the spiritual kingdom, and that those who are in the good of love to the Lord are in the celestial kingdom, and those who are in the good of charity towards the neighbor are in the spiritual kingdom, see in the work on Heaven and Hell, (n. 20-28). These two kingdoms, however, are not only in the heavens but also on the earth, and on the earth they are called the celestial church and the spiritual church. Few know what is signified in the Word specifically by a "people" or "peoples," and what by a "nation" or "nations." I will therefore present from the Word some passages where the two are named together, from which it will be clear that "people" and "nations" have distinct significations, for unless they had distinct significations they would not both be named together, as in the following passages.

[2] In Isaiah:

The strong people shall glorify Thee, the city of the formidable nations shall fear Thee. Jehovah will swallow up in this mountain the faces of the covering, that covereth over all peoples, and the veil that is veiled over all nations (Isaiah 25:3, 7).

Here a distinction is made between "peoples" and "nations," because "peoples" signify those who are of the Lord's spiritual kingdom, and "nations" those who are of His celestial kingdom, thus those who are in spiritual good and those in celestial good. Spiritual good is the good of charity towards the neighbor, thus the good of faith, and celestial good is the good of love to the Lord, and thence the good of mutual love. The truth of this good is what is meant by "the city of formidable nations," for "city" signifies the doctrine of truth, or the truths of doctrine; "to swallow up the covering over all peoples, and the veil veiled over all nations," signifies to dispel the shade that has so covered the understanding that the truths are not seen or the goods perceived that pertain to heaven and the church.

[3] In the same:

Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye peoples; let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof (Isaiah 34:1).

Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said of the nations that they should "come near," and of the peoples that they should "hearken;" to "come near" signifies to be conjoined by love, and to "hearken" signifies to obey and to be instructed; it is therefore said, "let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof," "earth" signifying the church in respect to good, and "the fullness thereof" truths.

[4] In the same:

I Jehovah have called thee in righteousness, and I will hold thine hand and I will give thee for a covenant to the people, for a light of the nations (Isaiah 42:6).

In the same:

Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears. Let all the nations be brought together, and let the peoples gather together (Isaiah 43:8-9).

In the same:

I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a prince and lawgiver to the nations (Isaiah 55:4).

In the same:

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold, I will lift up Mine hand towards the nations, and lift up My standard towards the peoples (Isaiah 49:22).

In the same:

The peoples that walk in darkness have seen a great light. Thou hast multiplied the nation, thou hast made great to it gladness (Isaiah 9:2-3).

And in the same:

It shall be in that day that the root of Jesse, which standeth for an ensign of the peoples, the nations shall seek. And He shall lift up an ensign for the nations, and shall gather together the outcasts of Israel (Isaiah 11:10, 12).

All these things are said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are of His church; for all who are of the Lord's church are either of His celestial kingdom or of His spiritual kingdom; not any except those who are in these two kingdoms can possibly be of the church. Moreover, there are two things that constitute the church, good and truth, both from the Lord; "nations" mean those who are in good, and "peoples" those who are in truth; and, abstractly from persons, "nations" signify the goods of the church, and "peoples" its truths; "peoples" signify the truths of the church because spiritual good, or the good of charity towards the neighbor, in which those are who are meant by "peoples," in its essence is truth. (See Arcana Coelestia 8042, 10296; why it is so, n. 863, 875, 895, 927, 1023, 1043, 1044, 1555, 2256, 4328, 4493, 5113, 9596; thence what the distinction is between those who are of the celestial kingdom and those who are of the spiritual kingdom, n. 2088, 2669, 2708, 2715, 3235, 3240, 4788, 7068, 8521, 9277, 10295)

[5] In the same:

In that time a present unto Jehovah of Hosts shall be brought; a people distracted and plundered: and a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of Jehovah of Hosts, to Mount Zion (Isaiah 18:2, 7).

This treats of the invitation of all to the church; therefore also "people" and "nation" are both mentioned. "Mount Zion" signifies the church, to which they are invited; "a people distracted and plundered" signifies those with whom truths have been taken away, changed, or perverted by those who are in the falsities of doctrine; "a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled," signifies those with whom goods have been treated in like manner, "rivers" meaning falsities and reasonings therefrom.

[6] In Zechariah:

Yet there shall come peoples, and the inhabitants of great cities, to entreat the faces of Jehovah, and many peoples and numerous nations shall come to seek Jehovah of Hosts in Jerusalem (Zechariah 8:20-22).

Here, too, "peoples" and "nations" signify all who are of the Lord's church; "peoples" those who are of His spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of His celestial church. "Jerusalem," to which they shall come, is the church.

[7] In David:

Thou wilt set me for the head of the nations; a people I have not known shall serve me (Psalms 18:43).

In the same:

Jehovah will subdue the peoples under us, and the nations under our feet. God reigneth over the nations. The willing ones of the peoples are gathered together (Psalms 47:3, 8-9).

In the same:

That [Thy way] may be known on the earth, Thy salvation among all nations. The peoples shall confess Thee, O God: the nations shall be glad and shout for joy; for Thou shalt judge the peoples in uprightness, and shalt lead the nations into the land (Psalms 67:2-4).

Remember me, O Jehovah, in good pleasure towards Thy people; that I may be glad in the joy of Thy nations (Psalms 106:4-5).

I will confess Thee, O Lord, among the nations. I will sing psalms unto Thee among the peoples (Psalms 57:9; 108:3).

In these passages also "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned, by which are meant all who are in truths and goods. Moreover, the very words that are applied to peoples are words that are predicated of truths, and those applied to nations are those that are predicated of goods. That no other are meant by "nations" is evident also from the fact that these things were said by David, who was an enemy of the Canaanitish nations.

[8] In Luke:

Mine eyes have seen Thy salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples; a light for a revelation to the nations (Luke 2:30-32).

In Zephaniah:

The remnant of My people shall spoil them, and the remainder of My nation shall inherit them (Zephaniah 2:9).

In Moses:

When her two sons were struggling in her womb, Rebekah went to inquire of Jehovah, and Jehovah said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two peoples shall be separated from thy bowels (Genesis 25:22-23).

Remember the days of the age, when the Most High gave to the nations an inheritance; when He separated the sons of man he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 32:7-8).

"The sons of man" have the same signification as "peoples," namely, those who are in spiritual truths and goods; therefore it is said of them, "when He separated the sons of man He set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel;" "the sons of Israel" signifying the spiritual church, and the "number" of them, or of the twelve tribes named from them, signifying all the truths and goods therein (See just above, n. 330); such therefore are called "peoples;" "to separate" them and "to set their bounds" signifies to alienate from falsities and to bestow truths; and "to give an inheritance to the nations" signifies heaven and conjunction with those who are in the good of love.

[9] In Daniel:

All peoples, nations, and tongues shall worship Him; His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom that which shall not perish (Daniel 7:14).

This is said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are in truths and goods; and "all tongues" mean all of whatever doctrine or religion; for the Lord's church is universal, since it exists with all who are in the good of life, and who from their doctrine look to heaven, and thereby conjoin themselves to the Lord (of whom see Heaven and Hell 318-328). Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said, "His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom shall not pass away;" "dominion" in the Word is predicated of good, and "kingdom" of truth; for this reason the Lord is called "Lord" from Divine good, and "king" from Divine truth.

There are other passages besides these that might be quoted to prove that "peoples" signify those who are of the spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of the celestial church. So far those only have been presented in which "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned together; to these some shall be added in which "nations" alone are mentioned.

[10] In Isaiah:

Open the gates, that the righteous nation that keepeth faithfulness may enter in. Thou hast added to the nation, O Jehovah, Thou hast added to the nation; Thou hast been glorified: Thou hast removed all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 26:2, 15).

In David:

All the ends of the earth shall turn unto Jehovah; and all the families of the nations shall worship before Thee. For the kingdom is Jehovah's; and He it is that ruleth among the nations (Psalms 22:27-28).

In Isaiah:

The nations shall walk to Thy light, and kings to the brightness of Thy rising. Thy heart shall be enlarged, because the multitude of the sea shall turn unto Thee, the army of the nations shall come unto Thee (Isaiah 60:3, 5).

All nations shall see Thy righteousness, and all kings Thy glory (Isaiah 62:2).

In these passages "nations" and "peoples" are not mentioned together, but still in the last two "nations" and "kings" because "kings" signify the like as "peoples," namely, those who are in truths (See above, n. 31); and it is because "nations" signify those who are in good, and "kings" those who are in truths, that it is said of the nations that they "shall see Thy righteousness," and of the kings that they shall "see Thy glory;" "righteousness" in the Word being predicated of good, and "glory" of truth. (That "righteousness" is predicated in the Word of Divine good, seeArcana Coelestia 2235, 9857; and "glory" of Divine truth, n. 4809, 5922, 8267, 8427, 9429.)

[11] From the contrary sense it can yet be seen that "peoples" signify those who are in truths, and "nations" those who are in good; for in that sense "peoples" signify those who are in falsities, and "nations" those who are in evils, as in the following. In Isaiah:

O Assyrian, the rod of Mine anger, I will send him against a hypocritical nation, and against the people of My wrath will I command him (Isaiah 10:5-6).

In the same:

The voice of a multitude in the mountains; the voice of a tumult of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together. They come from a land afar off, from the end of the heavens, even Jehovah with the vessels of His indignation to destroy the whole land (Isaiah 13:4-5).

Jehovah that smiteth the peoples with a stroke not curable, that ruleth with anger the nations (Isaiah 14:6).

In the same:

At the noise of the tumult let the peoples flee away; and before Thine exaltation let the nations be dispersed (Isaiah 33:3).

In Jeremiah:

Behold, a people cometh from the land of the north, and a great nation shall be stirred up from the sides of the earth. They lay hold on the bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy (Jeremiah 6:22-23).

In Ezekiel:

I will not cause thee to hear any more the calumny of the nations, and the reproach of the peoples thou shalt not bear any more (Ezekiel 36:15).

In David:

Thou makest us a byword among the nations, a shaking of the head among the peoples (Psalms 44:14).

In the same:

Jehovah bringeth the counsel of the nations to nought; He overthroweth the thoughts of the peoples (Psalms 33:10).

In these passages "peoples" mean those who are against the truths of the spiritual church, thus in falsities; and "nations" those who are against the goods of the celestial church, thus in evils. This is also the signification of the peoples and nations that were driven out of the land of Canaan. To this let what was said above n. 175 be added.