1326. C'est pourquoi il appela son nom Babel, signifie un tel culte, savoir, un culte tel que celui qui est signifié par Babel : cela est évident d'après ce qui a été dit jusqu'ici ; c'est-à-dire que c'est un culte qui renferme intérieurement l'amour de soi-même, par conséquent tout ce qui est corrompu et profane. L'amour de soi-même n'est autre chose que le propre, numéros 210, 215, combien il est corrompu et profane. De la Philautie, c'est-à-dire, de l'amour de soi-même ou du propre, découlent tous les maux, tels que les haines, les vengeances, les cruautés, les adultères, les fourberies, les hypocrisies, l'impiété ; c'est pourquoi, lorsque l'amour de soi-même ou le propre est dans le culte, il y a dans ce culte de tels maux, mais selon la différence et le degré de quantité et de qualité résultant de cet amour : de la précède toute profanation du culte ; mais voici comment cela se fait : Autant il s'introduit d'amour de soi-même ou du propre dans le culte, autant le culte interne se retire, ou autant le culte interne devient nul. Le culte interne consiste dans l'affection du bien et la reconnaissance du vrai ; mais autant il y a d'amour de soi-même ou autant il y a de propre qui s'insinue ou qui entre, autant l'affection du bien et la reconnaissance du vrai se retirent ou sortent. Le saint ne peut utilement être avec le profane, pas plus que le ciel ne peut être avec l'enfer ; mais l'un doit s'éloigner de l'autre : tel est l'état et l'ordre dans le Royaume du Seigneur. C'est pour cela que chez de tels hommes, dont le culte est appelé Babel, il n'y à point de culte interne, mais ce qu’ils adorent est quelque chose de mort et même de cadavéreux à l'intérieur. On voit par là quel est leur culte externe dans lequel est une telle putréfaction. Que Babel soit un tel culte, c'est ce qu'on voit, dans la Parole, dans tous les passages où Babel est décrite, comme dans Daniel, où la statue que vit en songe Nébuchadnezar, Roi de Babel, et dont la tête était d'or, la poitrine et les bras d'argent, le ventre et les cuisses d'airain, les jambes de fer, les pieds d'un mélange de fer et d'argile, signifie que du véritable culte est dérive un culte qui est enfin devenu tel qu'est celui qu'on nommé Babel ; c'est pour cela même qu'une pierre détachée du rocher brisa le fer, l'airain, l'argile, l'argent et l'or.

Daniel 2:31, 32, 44-45.

La statue d'or que Nébuchadnezar Roi de Babel érigea pour qu'elle fût adorée, n'était pas non plus autre chose. - Daniel 3:1, jusqu'à la fin, - C'était encore le même culte qui fut représenté lorsque le Roi de Babel, avec les grands de son royaume buvait du vin dans des vases d'or enlevés du Temple de Jérusalem, et louait des Dieux d'or, d'argent, d'airain, de fer et de pierre, et c'est pour cela qu'il parut une inscription sur la muraille, - Daniel 5:1, jusqu’à la fin.

Puis, lorsque Darius le Mède ordonnait qu'on l'adorât comme un Dieu, - , Daniel , jusqu'à la fin. Enfin c'est aussi le même culte qui est représenté dans Jean par les Bêtes et la Babel de l'Apocalypse. Ce n'est pas seulement dans Daniel et dans Jean qu'on voit clairement qu'un tel culte a été signifié et représenté, on en trouve aussi la preuve dans les Prophètes ; dans Ésaïe :

« Leurs visages (seront) des visages des flammes ; les étoiles des cieux et leurs constellations ne font point briller leur lumière ; le soleil a été obscurci à son lever, et la lune ne fait point resplendir sa lumière : Les ziim » y couchent, et leurs maisons sont remplies d'Ochim, et les filles de la chouette y habitent, et les satyres y dansent ; et les ziim répondent dans ses palais, et les dragons dans ses édifices de volupté. » - Ésaïe 13:8, 10, 21-22.

Là, il s'agit de Babel, et l'interne d'un tel culte est décrit par les visages de flammes qui sont les cupidités ; par les étoiles, qui sont les vérités de la foi, en ce qu'elles ne brillent point ; par le soleil, qui est l'amour saint, en ce qu'il est obscurci ; par la lune, qui est le vrai de la foi, en ce qu'elle ne resplendit point ; par les ziim, les ochim, les filles de la chouette, les satyres, les ziim, les dragons, qui sont les intérieurs du culte, car de telles représentations appartiennent à l'amour de soi ou au propre : c'est aussi pour cela que, dans Jean Babel est nommé

« la mère des prostitutions et des abominations. » - Apocalypse 18:5. -. Puis

« la Demeure des dragons, et la prison de » tout esprit immonde, et la prison de tout oiseau immonde et odieux. » - Apocalypse 18:2.

D'où il est évident que, quand de telles choses sont dans l'intérieur, il est impossible qu'il y ait quelque bien et quelque vrai de la foi, et que les biens de l'affection et les vérités de la foi s'éloignent à proportion qu'elles entrent, elles sont aussi nommées

« les images taillées des Dieux de Babel. » - Ésaïe 21:9.

Que Babel soit l'amour de soi-même ou le propre qui est dans le culte, ou le culte de soi-même, c'est ce qu'on voit clairement dans Ésaïe :

« Prophétise cette parabole sur/e Roi de Babel : Tu as dit dans ton cœur : Je monterai aux cieux ; j'élèverai mon trône par-dessus les étoiles de Dieu, et je m'assiérai sur la montagne de l'assemblée, aux côtés du septentrion ; je monterai au-dessus des hauts lieux de la nuée ; je deviendrai » semblable au Très-Haut ; cependant tu seras précipité dans l'enfer. » - Ésaïe 14:4, 13-14, 15.

Ici, il est évident que Babel veut être adoré comme un Dieu, c'est-à-dire, que Babel est le culte de soi-même. Dans le même Prophète :

« Descends, assieds-toi sur la poussière, vierge, fille de Babel ; assieds-toi à terre, » point de trône, fille des Chaldéens. Tu t'es confiée dans la malice ; tu as dit : Nul ne me voit ; ta sagesse et ta science (c'est) ce (qui) t'a détournée ; tu as dit dans ton cœur : Moi ! Et point d'autre comme moi ! » - Ésaïe 47:1, 10.

Dans Jérémie :

« Me » voici contre toi, montagne qui corromps, qui corromps toute la terre ; et j'étendrai ma main sur toi, et je te roulerai en bas des rochers, et te changerai en montagne de combustion. Si Babel est montée dans les cieux et si elle a affermi le haut lieu de sa force, (c'est) d'avec Moi (que} lui viendront ses dévastateurs. » - Jérémie 51:25, 53. -De là il est encore évident que Babel est le culte de soi-même. Que ceux qui sont dans ce culte n'aient aucune lumière du vrai, mais qu'ils soient dans une complète obscurité, c'est-à-dire qu'ils n'aient point le vrai de la foi, c'est ce qui est décrit dans Jérémie :

« La Parole que Jéhovah prononça contre babel, contre la terre des Chaldéens : Une nation montera contre elle du septentrion ; elle mettra sa terre en désolation, et il n'y aura point d'habitant en elle ; depuis l'homme jusqu'à la bête, ils se retireront, ils s'en iront. » - Jérémie 50:1, 3.

Le septentrion est l'obscurité on l'absence du vrai ; point d'homme, point de bête, c'est-à-dire, nul bien. On pourra voir plus de détails sur Babel au vers. 23, ci-après, où il est question de la Chaldée.

331. And people and nation, signifies who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and of His celestial church. This is evident from the signification of "people" and "nation" in the Word, "people" signifying those who are in spiritual good, thus those who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and "nation" those who are in celestial good, thus those who are of the Lord's celestial church. That there are two kingdoms into which the heavens are divided, namely, the celestial kingdom and the spiritual kingdom, and that those who are in the good of love to the Lord are in the celestial kingdom, and those who are in the good of charity towards the neighbor are in the spiritual kingdom, see in the work on Heaven and Hell, (n. 20-28). These two kingdoms, however, are not only in the heavens but also on the earth, and on the earth they are called the celestial church and the spiritual church. Few know what is signified in the Word specifically by a "people" or "peoples," and what by a "nation" or "nations." I will therefore present from the Word some passages where the two are named together, from which it will be clear that "people" and "nations" have distinct significations, for unless they had distinct significations they would not both be named together, as in the following passages.

[2] In Isaiah:

The strong people shall glorify Thee, the city of the formidable nations shall fear Thee. Jehovah will swallow up in this mountain the faces of the covering, that covereth over all peoples, and the veil that is veiled over all nations (Isaiah 25:3, 7).

Here a distinction is made between "peoples" and "nations," because "peoples" signify those who are of the Lord's spiritual kingdom, and "nations" those who are of His celestial kingdom, thus those who are in spiritual good and those in celestial good. Spiritual good is the good of charity towards the neighbor, thus the good of faith, and celestial good is the good of love to the Lord, and thence the good of mutual love. The truth of this good is what is meant by "the city of formidable nations," for "city" signifies the doctrine of truth, or the truths of doctrine; "to swallow up the covering over all peoples, and the veil veiled over all nations," signifies to dispel the shade that has so covered the understanding that the truths are not seen or the goods perceived that pertain to heaven and the church.

[3] In the same:

Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye peoples; let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof (Isaiah 34:1).

Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said of the nations that they should "come near," and of the peoples that they should "hearken;" to "come near" signifies to be conjoined by love, and to "hearken" signifies to obey and to be instructed; it is therefore said, "let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof," "earth" signifying the church in respect to good, and "the fullness thereof" truths.

[4] In the same:

I Jehovah have called thee in righteousness, and I will hold thine hand and I will give thee for a covenant to the people, for a light of the nations (Isaiah 42:6).

In the same:

Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears. Let all the nations be brought together, and let the peoples gather together (Isaiah 43:8-9).

In the same:

I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a prince and lawgiver to the nations (Isaiah 55:4).

In the same:

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold, I will lift up Mine hand towards the nations, and lift up My standard towards the peoples (Isaiah 49:22).

In the same:

The peoples that walk in darkness have seen a great light. Thou hast multiplied the nation, thou hast made great to it gladness (Isaiah 9:2-3).

And in the same:

It shall be in that day that the root of Jesse, which standeth for an ensign of the peoples, the nations shall seek. And He shall lift up an ensign for the nations, and shall gather together the outcasts of Israel (Isaiah 11:10, 12).

All these things are said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are of His church; for all who are of the Lord's church are either of His celestial kingdom or of His spiritual kingdom; not any except those who are in these two kingdoms can possibly be of the church. Moreover, there are two things that constitute the church, good and truth, both from the Lord; "nations" mean those who are in good, and "peoples" those who are in truth; and, abstractly from persons, "nations" signify the goods of the church, and "peoples" its truths; "peoples" signify the truths of the church because spiritual good, or the good of charity towards the neighbor, in which those are who are meant by "peoples," in its essence is truth. (See Arcana Coelestia 8042, 10296; why it is so, n. 863, 875, 895, 927, 1023, 1043, 1044, 1555, 2256, 4328, 4493, 5113, 9596; thence what the distinction is between those who are of the celestial kingdom and those who are of the spiritual kingdom, n. 2088, 2669, 2708, 2715, 3235, 3240, 4788, 7068, 8521, 9277, 10295)

[5] In the same:

In that time a present unto Jehovah of Hosts shall be brought; a people distracted and plundered: and a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of Jehovah of Hosts, to Mount Zion (Isaiah 18:2, 7).

This treats of the invitation of all to the church; therefore also "people" and "nation" are both mentioned. "Mount Zion" signifies the church, to which they are invited; "a people distracted and plundered" signifies those with whom truths have been taken away, changed, or perverted by those who are in the falsities of doctrine; "a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled," signifies those with whom goods have been treated in like manner, "rivers" meaning falsities and reasonings therefrom.

[6] In Zechariah:

Yet there shall come peoples, and the inhabitants of great cities, to entreat the faces of Jehovah, and many peoples and numerous nations shall come to seek Jehovah of Hosts in Jerusalem (Zechariah 8:20-22).

Here, too, "peoples" and "nations" signify all who are of the Lord's church; "peoples" those who are of His spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of His celestial church. "Jerusalem," to which they shall come, is the church.

[7] In David:

Thou wilt set me for the head of the nations; a people I have not known shall serve me (Psalms 18:43).

In the same:

Jehovah will subdue the peoples under us, and the nations under our feet. God reigneth over the nations. The willing ones of the peoples are gathered together (Psalms 47:3, 8-9).

In the same:

That [Thy way] may be known on the earth, Thy salvation among all nations. The peoples shall confess Thee, O God: the nations shall be glad and shout for joy; for Thou shalt judge the peoples in uprightness, and shalt lead the nations into the land (Psalms 67:2-4).

Remember me, O Jehovah, in good pleasure towards Thy people; that I may be glad in the joy of Thy nations (Psalms 106:4-5).

I will confess Thee, O Lord, among the nations. I will sing psalms unto Thee among the peoples (Psalms 57:9; 108:3).

In these passages also "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned, by which are meant all who are in truths and goods. Moreover, the very words that are applied to peoples are words that are predicated of truths, and those applied to nations are those that are predicated of goods. That no other are meant by "nations" is evident also from the fact that these things were said by David, who was an enemy of the Canaanitish nations.

[8] In Luke:

Mine eyes have seen Thy salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples; a light for a revelation to the nations (Luke 2:30-32).

In Zephaniah:

The remnant of My people shall spoil them, and the remainder of My nation shall inherit them (Zephaniah 2:9).

In Moses:

When her two sons were struggling in her womb, Rebekah went to inquire of Jehovah, and Jehovah said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two peoples shall be separated from thy bowels (Genesis 25:22-23).

Remember the days of the age, when the Most High gave to the nations an inheritance; when He separated the sons of man he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 32:7-8).

"The sons of man" have the same signification as "peoples," namely, those who are in spiritual truths and goods; therefore it is said of them, "when He separated the sons of man He set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel;" "the sons of Israel" signifying the spiritual church, and the "number" of them, or of the twelve tribes named from them, signifying all the truths and goods therein (See just above, n. 330); such therefore are called "peoples;" "to separate" them and "to set their bounds" signifies to alienate from falsities and to bestow truths; and "to give an inheritance to the nations" signifies heaven and conjunction with those who are in the good of love.

[9] In Daniel:

All peoples, nations, and tongues shall worship Him; His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom that which shall not perish (Daniel 7:14).

This is said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are in truths and goods; and "all tongues" mean all of whatever doctrine or religion; for the Lord's church is universal, since it exists with all who are in the good of life, and who from their doctrine look to heaven, and thereby conjoin themselves to the Lord (of whom see Heaven and Hell 318-328). Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said, "His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom shall not pass away;" "dominion" in the Word is predicated of good, and "kingdom" of truth; for this reason the Lord is called "Lord" from Divine good, and "king" from Divine truth.

There are other passages besides these that might be quoted to prove that "peoples" signify those who are of the spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of the celestial church. So far those only have been presented in which "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned together; to these some shall be added in which "nations" alone are mentioned.

[10] In Isaiah:

Open the gates, that the righteous nation that keepeth faithfulness may enter in. Thou hast added to the nation, O Jehovah, Thou hast added to the nation; Thou hast been glorified: Thou hast removed all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 26:2, 15).

In David:

All the ends of the earth shall turn unto Jehovah; and all the families of the nations shall worship before Thee. For the kingdom is Jehovah's; and He it is that ruleth among the nations (Psalms 22:27-28).

In Isaiah:

The nations shall walk to Thy light, and kings to the brightness of Thy rising. Thy heart shall be enlarged, because the multitude of the sea shall turn unto Thee, the army of the nations shall come unto Thee (Isaiah 60:3, 5).

All nations shall see Thy righteousness, and all kings Thy glory (Isaiah 62:2).

In these passages "nations" and "peoples" are not mentioned together, but still in the last two "nations" and "kings" because "kings" signify the like as "peoples," namely, those who are in truths (See above, n. 31); and it is because "nations" signify those who are in good, and "kings" those who are in truths, that it is said of the nations that they "shall see Thy righteousness," and of the kings that they shall "see Thy glory;" "righteousness" in the Word being predicated of good, and "glory" of truth. (That "righteousness" is predicated in the Word of Divine good, seeArcana Coelestia 2235, 9857; and "glory" of Divine truth, n. 4809, 5922, 8267, 8427, 9429.)

[11] From the contrary sense it can yet be seen that "peoples" signify those who are in truths, and "nations" those who are in good; for in that sense "peoples" signify those who are in falsities, and "nations" those who are in evils, as in the following. In Isaiah:

O Assyrian, the rod of Mine anger, I will send him against a hypocritical nation, and against the people of My wrath will I command him (Isaiah 10:5-6).

In the same:

The voice of a multitude in the mountains; the voice of a tumult of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together. They come from a land afar off, from the end of the heavens, even Jehovah with the vessels of His indignation to destroy the whole land (Isaiah 13:4-5).

Jehovah that smiteth the peoples with a stroke not curable, that ruleth with anger the nations (Isaiah 14:6).

In the same:

At the noise of the tumult let the peoples flee away; and before Thine exaltation let the nations be dispersed (Isaiah 33:3).

In Jeremiah:

Behold, a people cometh from the land of the north, and a great nation shall be stirred up from the sides of the earth. They lay hold on the bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy (Jeremiah 6:22-23).

In Ezekiel:

I will not cause thee to hear any more the calumny of the nations, and the reproach of the peoples thou shalt not bear any more (Ezekiel 36:15).

In David:

Thou makest us a byword among the nations, a shaking of the head among the peoples (Psalms 44:14).

In the same:

Jehovah bringeth the counsel of the nations to nought; He overthroweth the thoughts of the peoples (Psalms 33:10).

In these passages "peoples" mean those who are against the truths of the spiritual church, thus in falsities; and "nations" those who are against the goods of the celestial church, thus in evils. This is also the signification of the peoples and nations that were driven out of the land of Canaan. To this let what was said above n. 175 be added.