聖書

 

Jeremias 44

勉強

   

1 Dette er det ord som kom til Jeremias om alle de jøder som bodde i Egyptens land, dem som bodde i Migdol og i Tahpanhes og i Memfis og i landet Patros:

2 sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud, Israels Gud: I har sett all den ulykke jeg har latt komme over Jerusalem og over alle Judas byer, og se, nu er de en ørken, og det er ingen som bor i dem,

3 for det onde som de gjorde, så de vakte min harme, da de gikk avsted og brente røkelse og dyrket andre guder, som de ikke kjente, hverken de eller I eller eders fedre.

4 Og jeg sendte alle mine tjenere, profetene, til eder tidlig og sent og sa: Gjør ikke denne vederstyggelige ting som jeg hater!

5 Men de hørte ikke og la ikke øret til, så de vendte om fra sin ondskap og holdt op med å brenne røkelse for andre guder.

6 Da blev min harme og vrede utøst, og den brente i Judas byer og på Jerusalems gater, og de blev til en ørken, til en ødemark, som det sees på denne dag.

7 Og nu sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud, Israels Gud, så: Hvorfor gjør I så stor en ondskap mot eder selv, så mann og kvinne, barn og diebarn utryddes for eder av Judas midte, så det ikke levnes eder nogen rest,

8 og vekker min harme ved eders henders gjerninger, ved å brenne røkelse for andre guder i Egyptens land, dit I har draget for å bo der - så de* skal bli utryddet for eder, og I bli til en forbannelse og til spott blandt alle jordens folkeslag? / {* mann og kvinne o.s.v.; JE 44, 7.}

9 Har I glemt eders fedres onde gjerninger og Judas kongers onde gjerninger og dets kvinners onde gjerninger og eders egne onde gjerninger og eders kvinners onde gjerninger, det de gjorde i Juda land og på Jerusalems gater?

10 Til denne dag er de ikke blitt ydmyket, og de frykter ikke og lever ikke efter min lov og mine bud, som jeg har forelagt eder og eders fedre.

11 Derfor sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud, Israels Gud, så: Se, jeg vender mitt åsyn imot eder til det onde, og jeg vil utrydde hele Juda.

12 Og jeg vil ta dem som er blitt igjen av Juda, dem som satte sig fore å dra til Egyptens land for å bo der, og de skal alle omkomme, i Egyptens land skal de falle; ved sverd og ved hunger skal de omkomme; både små og store skal ved sverd og ved hunger, og de skal bli til en ed, til en forferdelse og en forbannelse og til spott.

13 Og jeg vil hjemsøke dem som bor i Egyptens land, likesom jeg hjemsøkte Jerusalem, med sverd, med hunger og med pest.

14 Og av dem som er blitt tilbake av Juda, av dem som er kommet for å bo der i Egyptens land, skal ingen slippe unda og bli igjen, så han kommer tilbake til Juda land, som de stunder efter å komme tilbake til for å bo der; for ingen skal komme tilbake igjen uten nogen få undslopne.

15 Da svarte de Jeremias alle de menn som visste at deres kvinner brente røkelse for andre guder, og alle kvinnene som stod der i en stor flokk, og alt folket som bodde i Egyptens land, i Patros, og de sa:

16 Vi vil ikke høre på dig i det du har talt til oss i Herrens navn,

17 men vi vil gjøre alt det som vi har lovt med vår munn; vi vil brenne røkelse for himmelens dronning og utøse drikkoffer for henne, likesom vi har gjort, vi og våre fedre, våre konger og våre høvdinger, i Judas byer og på Jerusalems gater. Da blev vi mettet med brød, og det gikk oss vel, og ingen ulykke rammet oss.

18 Men fra den tid vi holdt op med å brenne røkelse for himmelens dronning og utøse drikkoffer for henne, har vi manglet alt, og ved sverd og hunger er vi omkommet.

19 Og når vi brente røkelse for himmelens dronning og utøste drikkoffer for henne, mon det da var uten våre menns vitende og vilje at vi laget kaker for henne og dyrket henne og utøste drikkoffer for henne?

20 Da sa Jeremias til alt folket, til mennene og til kvinnene og til alt folket som hadde svart ham:

21 Det at I har brent røkelse i Judas byer og på Jerusalems gater, I og eders fedre, eders konger og eders høvdinger og landets folk, mon Herren ikke har kommet det i hu og tenkt på det?

22 Og Herren kunde ikke mere tåle det for eders onde gjerningers skyld, for de vederstyggeligheters skyld som I gjorde, og så blev eders land til en ørken og en ødemark og til en forbannelse, så ingen bor der, som det sees på denne dag.

23 Fordi I brente røkelse og syndet mot Herren og ikke hørte på Herrens røst og ikke levde efter hans lov og bud og vidnesbyrd, derfor rammet denne ulykke eder, som det sees på denne dag.

24 Og Jeremias sa til alt folket og til alle kvinnene: Hør Herrens ord, alle I av Juda som er i Egyptens land!

25 sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud, Israels Gud: I og eders kvinner, I talte med eders munn og fullbyrdet det med eders hender, og I sa: Vi vil holde de løfter som vi har gjort: å brenne røkelse for himmelens dronning og utøse drikkoffer for henne. Hold bare eders løfter og opfyll dem!

26 Hør derfor Herrens ord, alle I av Juda som bor i Egyptens land: Se, jeg har svoret ved mitt store navn, sier Herren: Sannelig, mitt navn skal ikke mere nevnes i nogen jødisk manns munn i hele Egyptens land, så han sier: Så sant Herren, Israels Gud, lever!

27 Se, jeg våker over dem til det onde og ikke til det gode, og hver mann av Juda som er i Egyptens land, skal omkomme ved sverd og ved hunger, inntil de er tilintetgjort.

28 Og de som undkommer fra sverdet, skal vende tilbake fra Egyptens land til Juda land, en liten flokk, og alle de som er blitt igjen av Juda, som er kommet til Egyptens land for å bo der, skal få merke hvis ord skal stå ved makt, mitt eller deres.

29 Og dette, sier Herren, skal være tegnet for eder på at jeg vil hjemsøke eder på dette sted, så I skal vite at mine ord om eder skal stå ved makt til ulykke for eder:

30 sier Herren: Se, jeg gir Egyptens konge Farao Hofra i hans fienders hånd og i deres hånd som står ham efter livet, likesom jeg har gitt Judas konge Sedekias i Babels konge Nebukadnesars hånd, som var hans fiende og stod ham efter livet.

   

スウェーデンボルグの著作から

 

Arcana Coelestia#2722

この節の研究

  
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2722. That 'he planted a grove in Beersheba' means doctrine from this with the cognitions composing it and the nature of it is clear from the meaning of 'a grove' and from the meaning of 'Beersheba'. As regards 'groves', holy worship in the Ancient Church was offered on mountains and in groves. It was offered on mountains because 'mountains meant the celestial things of worship, and in groves because 'groves' meant the spiritual things of it. As long as that Church - the Ancient Church - retained its simplicity their worship on mountains and in groves was holy, the reason being that celestial things, which are those of love and charity, were represented by places that were high and lofty, such as mountains and hills, while spiritual things, which derive from celestial, were represented by places with fruits and foliage such as gardens and groves. But after representatives and meaningful signs began to be made idolatrous because people worshipped external things without internal, that holy worship became profane; and they were therefore forbidden to hold worship on mountains and in groves.

[2] The fact that the Ancients held holy worship on mountains becomes clear from what is said about Abram in Chapter 12,

He removed from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, Bethel being towards the sea and Ai towards the east. 1 And there he built an altar and called on the name of Jehovah. Genesis 12:8 (1449-1455).

It is also clear from the meaning of 'a mountain' as the celestial entity of love, 795, 796, 1430. The fact that people also held worship in groves is clear from what is said in the present verse, 'Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and there he called on the name of [Jehovah,] the God of Eternity', and also from the meaning of 'a garden' as intelligence, 100, 108, 1588, and of 'trees' as perceptions, 103, 2163. The fact that worship on mountains and in groves was forbidden is clear from the following: In Moses,

You shall not plant for yourself a grove of any kind of tree beside the altar of Jehovah your God which you shall make for yourself. And you shall not erect for yourself a pillar, which Jehovah your God hates. Deuteronomy 16:21-22.

In the same author,

The altars of the nations you shall destroy; you shall break down their pillars and cut down their groves. Exodus 34:13.

They were also commanded to burn the groves of the nations with fire, Deuteronomy 12:3.

[3] Now because the Jews and Israelites, among whom the representative ritual observances of the Ancient Church were introduced, were steeped solely in external things and were at heart nothing but idolaters, and because they were people who neither had nor wished to have knowledge of anything internal or of the life after death, and who did not know that the Messiah's kingdom was a heavenly kingdom, therefore whenever they were in freedom they held profane worship on mountains and hills, and also in groves and forests. They also made for themselves high places to serve instead of mountains and hills, and carved images of a grove instead of groves, as becomes clear from many places in the Word, as in the Book of Judges,

The children of Israel served the baals and the groves. Judges 3:7.

In the Book of Kings,

Israel made groves, provoking Jehovah to anger. 1 Kings 14:15.

And elsewhere in the same book,

Judah built for themselves high places and pillars and groves on every high hill, and under every leafy tree. 1 Kings 14:23.

Elsewhere in the Books of Kings,

Israel built for themselves high places in every city. And they set up pillars and groves on every high hill and under every leafy tree. 2 Kings 17:9-10.

And elsewhere in the same book,

Manasseh king of Judah erected altars to Baal and made a grove, as Ahab king of Israel had done. And the carved image of a grove that he had made he placed in the house of God. 2 Kings 21:3, 7,

From this it is evident that they also made for themselves carved images of a grove. The fact that king Josiah destroyed these images is mentioned in the same book,

Josiah made them bring out of the temple of Jehovah all the vessels made for Baal and for the grove, and for the sun and moon, and for all the host of heaven; and he burned them outside Jerusalem, and the booths which the women had woven [in the house of Jehovah] for the grove. He also cut down the groves which Solomon had made, as well as the grove in Bethel which Jeroboam had made. 2 Kings 23:4-5, 7, 14-15.

The fact that King Hezekiah as well demolished such things is also stated in the same book,

Hezekiah king of Judah removed the high places, and broke the pillars, and cut down the grove, and broke to pieces the bronze serpent which Moses had made. 2 Kings 18:4.

[4] The bronze serpent, it is clear, was holy in the time of Moses, but when that which was external came to be worshipped, that bronze serpent became profane and was therefore smashed to pieces, for the same reason that worship on mountains and in groves was forbidden. These matters are made clearer still in the Prophets: In Isaiah,

You who inflame yourselves among the gods under every leafy tree, who slay the children in the rivers, under projections of the rocks. Even in the rivers you have poured out a drink offering. you have brought a gift. On a high and lofty mountain you have set your habitation and presented yourself there to offer sacrifice. Isaiah 57:5-7.

In the same prophet,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands, and will not see what his fingers have made, both the groves and the solar pillars. Isaiah 17:7-8.

In Micah,

I will cut down your carved images and your pillars from the midst of you, and you will bow down no more to the work of your hands. And I will root out your groves from the midst of you and destroy your cities. Micah 5:13-14.

In Ezekiel,

That the slain may be in the midst of their idols, around their altars at every lofty hill, on all the mountain tops, and under every leafy tree, and under every entangled oak, the place where they offered an odour of rest to all their idols. Ezekiel 6:13.

[5] From all this it is now evident where idolatrous worship originated, namely in the worship of the objects themselves that were representative and carried a spiritual meaning. The most ancient people, who lived before the Flood, saw in every single thing - in mountains, hills, plains, and valleys, in gardens, groves, forests, rivers, and waters, in fields and crops, in trees of every kind, also in living creatures of every kind, and in the heavenly bodies giving light - something that was a representative and a meaningful sign of the Lord's kingdom. But they never let their eyes, still less their minds, linger over such objects; for them these objects served instead as the means for thinking about the celestial and spiritual things that exist in the Lord's kingdom. Indeed so much was this the case with those objects that there was nothing at all in the whole natural world that failed to serve those people as means. It is indeed true that in itself every single thing in the natural order is representative; but at the present day this is an arcanum and scarcely believed by anyone. But after that which is celestial, which is essentially love to the Lord, had perished with man, the human race existed no longer in that state, that is, in the state of seeing from worldly objects the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom.

[6] Nevertheless the Ancients after the Flood knew from traditions, and from collections made by certain people, that worldly objects had such meanings; and because these had such meanings they also regarded them as holy. From this arose the representative worship of the Ancient Church, which Church, being spiritual, did not enjoy any perception, only the knowledge, that a thing was so; for that Church, compared with the Most Ancient Church, dwelt in obscurity, 2715. It did not however worship external things but by means of external things people called to mind those which were internal. Consequently when they turned to those representatives and meaningful signs they entered the holiness of worship. They were able to turn to them because they were moved by spiritual love, that is, by charity, which they made the essential of worship, and as a consequence holiness from the Lord was able to flow into their worship. But when the state of the human race had become so changed and perverted that people departed from the good of charity, and thus did not believe any longer in the existence of a heavenly kingdom or in life after death, but supposed - as is also supposed at the present day - that their condition was no different from that of animals (apart from the fact that they as human beings could think), holy representative worship was turned into idolatrous worship and external things came to be worshipped. This was why worship among many gentiles at that time, and even among Jews and Israelites, was not representative, but a worship of the representatives and meaningful signs, that is, of external things devoid of internal.

[7] As regards 'groves' in particular, these had, among the ancients, varying meanings, such meanings depending in fact on the kinds of trees that the groves had in them. Groves where there were olives meant the celestial things of worship, groves where there were vines the spiritual things of worship, but groves where there were figs, cedars, firs, poplars, oaks, meant various things that were of a celestial and spiritual kind. Here however simply 'a grove' or plantation of trees is mentioned and by it was meant ideas belonging to the rational that were allied to doctrine and its cognitions; for trees in general mean perceptions, 103, 2163, but when they have reference to the spiritual Church they mean cognitions, the reason being that the member of the spiritual Church has no other perceptions than those acquired through cognitions drawn from doctrine or from the Word. For such cognitions become part of his faith, and so of his conscience, from which he has perception.

脚注:

1. literally, Bethel from the sea (an idiom for from the west) and Ai from the east

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.