聖書

 

Esodo 12

勉強

   

1 L’Eterno parlò a Mosè e ad Aaronne nel paese d’Egitto, dicendo:

2 "Questo mese sarà per voi il primo dei mesi: sarà per voi il primo dei mesi dell’anno.

3 Parlate a tutta la raunanza d’Israele, e dite: Il decimo giorno di questo mese, prenda ognuno un agnello per famiglia, un agnello per casa;

4 e se la casa è troppo poco numerosa per un agnello, se ne prenda uno in comune col vicino di casa più prossimo, tenendo conto del numero delle persone; voi conterete ogni persona secondo quel che può mangiare dell’agnello.

5 Il vostro agnello sia senza difetto, maschio, dell’anno; potrete prendere un agnello o un capretto.

6 Lo serberete fino al quattordicesimo giorno di questo mese, e tutta la raunanza d’Israele, congregata, lo immolerà sull’imbrunire.

7 E si prenda del sangue d’esso, e si metta sui due stipiti e sull’architrave della porta delle case dove lo si mangerà.

8 E se ne mangi la carne in quella notte; si mangi arrostita al fuoco, con pane senza lievito e con dell’erbe amare.

9 Non ne mangiate niente di poco cotto o di lessato nell’acqua, ma sia arrostito al fuoco, con la testa, le gambe e le interiora.

10 E non ne lasciate nulla di resto fino alla mattina; e quel che ne sarà rimasto fino alla mattina, bruciatelo col fuoco.

11 E mangiatelo in questa maniera: coi vostri fianchi cinti, coi vostri calzari ai piedi e col vostro bastone in mano; e mangiatelo in fretta: è la Pasqua dell’Eterno.

12 Quella notte io passerò per il paese d’Egitto, e percoterò ogni primogenito nel paese d’Egitto, tanto degli uomini quanto degli animali, e farò giustizia di tutti gli dèi d’Egitto. Io sono l’Eterno.

13 E quel sangue vi servirà di segno sulle case dove sarete; e quand’io vedrò il sangue passerò oltre, e non vi sarà piaga su voi per distruggervi, quando percoterò il paese d’Egitto.

14 Quel giorno sarà per voi un giorno di ricordanza, e lo celebrerete come una festa in onore dell’Eterno; lo celebrerete d’età in età come una festa d’istituzione perpetua.

15 Per sette giorni mangerete pani azzimi. Fin dal primo giorno toglierete ogni lievito dalle vostre case; poiché, chiunque mangerà pane lievitato, dal primo giorno fino al settimo, sarà reciso da Israele.

16 E il primo giorno avrete una santa convocazione, e una santa convocazione il settimo giorno. Non si faccia alcun lavoro in que’ giorni; si prepari soltanto quel ch’è necessario a ciascuno per mangiare, e non altro.

17 Osservate dunque la festa degli azzimi; poiché in quel medesimo giorno io avrò tratto le vostre schiere dal paese d’Egitto; osservate dunque quel giorno d’età in età, come una istituzione perpetua.

18 Mangiate pani azzimi dalla sera del quattordicesimo giorno del mese, fino alla sera del ventunesimo giorno.

19 Per sette giorni non si trovi lievito nelle vostre case; perché chiunque mangerà qualcosa di lievitato, quel tale sarà reciso dalla raunanza d’Israele: sia egli forestiero o nativo del paese.

20 Non mangiate nulla di lievitato; in tutte le vostre dimore mangiate pani azzimi".

21 Mosè dunque chiamò tutti gli anziani d’Israele, e disse loro: "Sceglietevi e prendetevi degli agnelli per le vostre famiglie, e immolate la Pasqua.

22 E prendete un mazzetto d’issopo, intingetelo nel sangue che sarà nel bacino, e spruzzate di quel sangue che sarà nel bacino, l’architrave e i due stipiti delle porte; e nessuno di voi varchi la porta di casa sua, fino al mattino.

23 Poiché l’Eterno passerà per colpire gli Egiziani; e quando vedrà il sangue sull’architrave e sugli stipiti, l’Eterno passera oltre la porta, e non permetterà al distruttore d’entrare nelle vostre case per colpirvi.

24 Osservate dunque questo come una istituzione perpetua per voi e per i vostri figliuoli.

25 E quando sarete entrati nel paese che l’Eterno vi darà, conforme ha promesso, osservate questo rito;

26 e quando i vostri figliuoli vi diranno: Che significa per voi questo rito?

27 risponderete: Questo è il sacrifizio della Pasqua in onore dell’Eterno il quale passò oltre le case dei figliuoli d’Israele in Egitto, quando colpì gli Egiziani e salvò le nostre case".

28 E il popolo s’inchinò e adorò. E i figliuoli d’Israele andarono, e fecero così; fecero come l’Eterno aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aaronne.

29 E avvenne che, alla mezzanotte, l’Eterno colpì tutti i primogeniti nel paese di Egitto, dal primogenito di Faraone che sedeva sul suo trono al primogenito del carcerato ch’era in prigione, e tutti i primogeniti del bestiame.

30 E Faraone si alzò di notte: egli e tutti i suoi servitori e tutti gli Egiziani; e vi fu un gran grido in Egitto, perché non c’era casa dove non fosse un morto.

31 Ed egli chiamò Mosè ed Aaronne, di notte, e disse: "Levatevi, partite di mezzo al mio popolo, voi e i figliuoli d’Israele; e andate, servite l’Eterno, come avete detto.

32 Prendete i vostri greggi e i vostri armenti, come avete detto; andatevene, e benedite anche me!"

33 E gli Egiziani facevano forza al popolo per affrettarne la partenza dal paese, perché dicevano: "Noi siamo tutti morti".

34 Il popolo portò via la sua pasta prima che fosse lievitata; avvolse le sue madie ne’ suoi vestiti e se le mise sulle spalle.

35 Or i figliuoli d’Israele fecero come Mosè avea detto: domandarono agli Egiziani degli oggetti d’argento, degli oggetti d’oro e de’ vestiti;

36 e l’Eterno fece entrare il popolo nelle buone grazie degli Egiziani, che gli dettero quel che domandava. Così spogliarono gli Egiziani.

37 I figliuoli d’Israele partirono da Ramses per Succoth, in numero di circa seicentomila uomini a piedi, senza contare i fanciulli.

38 E una folla di gente d’ogni specie salì anch’essa con loro; e avevano pure greggi, armenti, bestiame in grandissima quantità.

39 E cossero la pasta che avean portata dall’Egitto, e ne fecero delle focacce azzime; poiché la pasta non era lievitata, essendo essi stati cacciati dall’Egitto senza poter indugiare e senza potersi prendere provvisioni di sorta.

40 Or la dimora che i figliuoli d’Israele fecero in Egitto fu di quattrocento trenta anni.

41 E al termine di quattrocento trenta anni, proprio il giorno che finivano, avvenne che tutte le schiere dell’Eterno uscirono dal paese d’Egitto.

42 Questa è una notte da celebrarsi in onore dell’Eterno, perché ei li trasse dal paese d’Egitto; questa è una notte consacrata all’Eterno, per essere osservata da tutti i figliuoli d’Israele, d’età in età.

43 E l’Eterno disse a Mosè e ad Aaronne: "Questa è la norma della Pasqua: Nessuno straniero ne mangi;

44 ma qualunque servo, comprato a prezzo di danaro, dopo che l’avrai circonciso, potrà mangiarne.

45 L’avventizio e il mercenario non ne mangino.

46 Si mangi ogni agnello in una medesima casa; non portate fuori nulla della carne d’esso, e non ne spezzate alcun osso.

47 Tutta la raunanza d’Israele celebri la Pasqua.

48 E quando uno straniero soggiornerà teco e vorrà far la Pasqua in onore dell’Eterno, siano circoncisi prima tutti i maschi della sua famiglia; e poi s’accosti pure per farla, e sia come un nativo del paese; ma nessuno incirconciso ne mangi.

49 Siavi un’unica legge per il nativo del paese e per lo straniero che soggiorna tra voi".

50 Tutti i figliuoli d’Israele fecero così; fecero come l’Eterno aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aaronne.

51 E avvenne che in quel medesimo giorno l’Eterno trasse i figliuoli d’Israele dal paese d’Egitto, secondo le loro schiere.

   

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Arcana Coelestia#10135

この節の研究

  
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10135. 'And you shall offer the other lamb between the evenings' means a similar removal of evils in a state of light and love in the external man. This is clear from the meaning of 'offering a lamb', or sacrificing it, as being removed from evils by means of the good of innocence from the Lord, as immediately above in 10134; and from the meaning of 'between the evenings' as in a state of light and love in the external man. In the Word 'evening' means a state involving interior things when the truths of faith are set in obscurity, and forms of the good of love are in some coldness; for angels experience different states of love and light, just as in the world different times of day - morning, midday, evening, night or twilight prior to morning, and morning again - give way to one another. When the angels experience a state of love, to them it is morning, and the Lord appears before them as the rising Sun. When they experience a state of light, to them it is midday. When however they experience a state of light set in obscurity, to them it is evening; and when after this they experience a state of love set in obscurity or some coldness, for them it is night, or rather the twilight before morning.

[2] Such states experienced by the angels follow unceasingly one after another, and serve unceasingly to make them more perfect. But those changes are not due to the Sun there, to its rising and setting, but to the state of the interiors within the angels themselves; for as with people in the world they have a desire at one time to turn towards their internal interests, at another towards their external ones. When they turn towards internal interests they experience a state of love and consequently of light in clearness, and when they turn towards external interests they experience a state of love and consequently of light set in obscurity; for what is external is such, compared with what is internal. This is the origin of the changes of state experienced by angels. The reason why they have such states and such changes is that the Sun of heaven, which in that world is the Lord, is the Divine Love itself. Therefore the heat radiating from it is the good of love, and the light from it is the truth of faith. For everything radiating from that Sun has life, unlike the things radiating from the sun in the world, which are dead.

[3] From this it becomes clear what heavenly heat is and what heavenly light is, also why it is that 'heat', 'flame', and 'fire' in the Word mean the good of love, 'light' and its 'brightness' the truth of faith, and 'the sun' the Lord Himself in respect of Divine Love.

The Lord in heaven is the Sun, see 3636, 3643, 4321(end), 5097, 7078, 7083, 7171, 7173, 8812.

The heat from it is the good of love, 3338, 3339, 3636, 3693, 4018, 5215, 6032, 6314.

The light from that Sun is Divine Truth, the source of faith, intelligence, and wisdom, see the places referred to in 9548, 9684.

From all this it now becomes clear what 'morning' and what 'evening' mean.

[4] But it should be recognized that in the present verse 'the morning' implies midday as well, and evening early morning twilight as well; for when the words 'morning and evening' are used in the Word an entire day is meant, so that 'morning' includes midday, and 'evening' night or twilight. This explains why 'the morning' in the present verse means a state of love and also of light in clearness, that is, in the internal man, and 'the evening' a state of light, as well as of love in obscurity, that is, in the external man.

[5] The fact that 'between the evenings' is not used to mean the period of time between the evening of one day and the evening of the next day, but the time between evening and morning, thus all of the night or twilight, is evident from the consideration that the continual burnt offering of a lamb was presented not only in the evening but also in the morning. From this it becomes clear that something similar is meant elsewhere by 'between the evenings', for example, where it says that the Passover should be kept between the evenings, Exodus 12:6; Numbers 9:5, 11, which is explained in yet another place by the following words,

You shall sacrifice the Passover in the evening when the sun goes down, at the fixed time of the departure from Egypt. After that you shall cook and eat it in the place which Jehovah your God will have chosen; and in the morning you shall turn 1 and go into your tents. Deuteronomy 16:6-7.

[6] The fact that 'evening' in general means a state of light shining in obscurity is clear in Jeremiah,

Arise, and let us go up into the south. Woe to us, for the day goes away, for the shadows of evening are set at an angle! Arise, and let us go up at night, and let us destroy the palaces. Jeremiah 6:4-5.

Here 'evening' and 'night' mean the last times of the Church, when all matters of faith and love have been destroyed. In Zechariah,

There will be one day, which is known to Jehovah, when around evening time there will be light. On that day living waters will go out from Jerusalem. And Jehovah will be King over all the earth. Zechariah 14:7-9.

This refers to the Lord's Coming. The end of the Church is meant by 'evening time'; 'light' is the Lord's Divine Truth. A similar example occurs in Daniel,

The holy one said to me, Up to the evening, [when it is becoming] the morning, two thousand three hundred times. Daniel 8:13-14.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia#4599

この節の研究

  
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4599. 'And pitched his tent beyond the tower of Eder' means more interior aspects of this. This is clear from the meaning of 'pitching a tent' as an advance in holiness, in this case towards more interior aspects - 'a tent' meaning holiness, see 414, 1102, 2145, 2152, 3312, 4391; from the meaning of 'beyond the tower' as into more interior aspects, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'Eder' as the nature of the state, that is to say, the nature of the advance made in holiness towards more interior aspects. This tower possessed that meaning from of old, but because there is no further reference to it in the Word apart from Joshua 15:21, this cannot be proved from parallel passages in the way other names can. The reason 'beyond the tower' means towards more interior aspects is that things which are more interior are expressed as objects that are lofty and high - as mountains, hills, towers, housetops, and the like. The reason for this is that minds which form their ideas from natural objects in the world as perceived through the external senses see things of an interior nature as objects that are higher than others, 2148.

[2] That 'towers' means interior things may also be seen from other places in the Word, as in Isaiah,

My beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill, 1 which he surrounded [with an enclosure] and gathered out the stones, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it. Isaiah 5:1-2.

'A vineyard' stands for the spiritual Church, 'the choicest vine' for spiritual good, 'he built a tower in the midst of it' for the interior aspects of truth. Similarly also in the Lord's parable in Matthew,

A householder planted a vineyard, and set a hedge around it, and dug a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to tenants. Matthew 21:33; Mark 12:1.

[3] In Ezekiel,

The sons of Arvad, and your army, were on your walls round about, and Gammadim were in your towers; they hung their shields on your walls round about; they made perfect your beauty. Ezekiel 27:11.

This refers to Tyre, by which are meant cognitions of good and truth, or people who possess these cognitions. 'Gammadim in its tower' stands for cognitions of interior truth.

[4] In Micah,

Jehovah will reign over them in Mount Zion, from now on and for ever. And you, O tower of the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion, to you will it come, and the former kingdom will return, the kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem. Micah 4:7-8.

This describes the Lord's celestial kingdom. 'Mount Zion' describes the inmost part of it, which is love to the Lord; 'hill of the daughter of Zion' its immediate derivative, which is mutual love, called in the spiritual sense charity towards the neighbour; 'tower of the flock' describes its interior truths of good. The existence of a spiritual-celestial kingdom from this is meant by 'the kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem'. In David,

Mount Zion will be glad, the daughters of Judah will be exultant, because of Your judgements. Encompass Zion, and go around her; count up her towers. Psalms 48:11-12.

Here 'towers' stands for interior truths which defend the things that constitute love and charity.

[5] In Luke,

Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple. For who of you, when he wishes to build a tower, does not first sit down and work out the cost, whether he has the means to complete it? Or what king going to encounter another king in war does not first sit down and take counsel whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? So every one of you who does not renounce all that is his own cannot be My disciple. Luke 14:27-28, 31, 33.

Anyone who is not acquainted with the internal sense of the Word can only suppose that here the Lord was using comparisons, and that the expressions 'building a tower' and 'going to war' were not used to mean anything more. He does not know that each comparison in the Word has a spiritual meaning, and is representative, and that 'building a tower' means acquiring interior truths to oneself and 'going to war' fighting from those truths. For the subject in this quotation is the temptations undergone by those who belong to the Church and are here called the Lord's disciples. Those temptations are meant by 'his own cross' which each of them has to carry; and the truth that they do not in any way conquer of themselves and from what is their own but from the Lord is meant by 'he who does not renounce all that is his own cannot be My disciple'. This is how these expressions hang together; but if the references to a tower and to war are understood to be simply comparisons without a more interior sense they do not hang together. From this one may see what light flows from the internal sense.

[6] The interiors of those who are governed by self-love and love of the world, and so the falsities from which they fight and from which they reinforce their kind of religion, are also expressed as 'towers' in the contrary sense, as in Isaiah,

The height of men (vir) will be brought low, and Jehovah alone will be exalted on that day, for the day of Jehovah Zebaoth will be against everyone that is lofty and high, and against everyone that is lifted up, and he will be humbled; and against all the cedars of Lebanon that are high and lifted up and against all the oaks of Bashan, and against all high mountains, and against all hills that are lifted up, and against every lofty tower and against every fortified wall. Isaiah 2:11-18.

Here the interior and exterior aspects of those loves are described by cedars, oaks, mountains, hills, a tower, and a wall - interior falsities being described by 'a tower'. Thus interior things are again described by objects that are 'high'. The difference however is this: People who are governed by these - by evils and falsities - believe that they themselves are high and above others, whereas those who are governed by goods and truths believe that they themselves are least and below others, Matthew 20:26-27; Mark 10:44. All the same, goods and truths are described as things that are 'high' because in heaven they are closer to the Most High, that is, to the Lord. Furthermore 'towers' is used in the Word in reference to truths, but 'mountains' to forms of good.

脚注:

1. literally, on a horn of a son of oil

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.