[ÚVODNÍ POZNÁMKA AUTORA]

Tajemství nebe - věci v Písmu svatém neboli v Pánově slově, které byly odhaleny - stojí ve výkladových oddílech nazvaných VNITŘNÍ SMYSL SLOVA. Pokud jde o povahu tohoto smyslu, viz to, co bylo na toto téma předloženo ze zkušenosti v letech 1767-1777, 1869-1879 a navíc v hlavním textu díla, v bodech 1-5, 64-66, 167, 605, 920, 937, 1143, 1224, 1404, 1405, 1408, 1409, 1502 konec, 1540, 1659, 1756, 1783, 1807.

MARVELY - věci viděné ve světě duchů a v andělském nebi - byly umístěny v oddílech před a za každou kapitolou. V tomto prvním svazku jsou to tyto oddíly:

KAPITOLA 1, 6

KAPITOLA 2, 67

KAPITOLA 3, 190

KAPITOLA 4, 324

KAPITOLA 5, 460

KAPITOLA 6, 554

KAPITOLA 7, 701

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Úvodní poznámky překladatele

Autor – Emanuel Swedenborg – napsal tuto knihu latinsky a pořídil si také vlastní latinský, co nejdoslovnější překlad Bible z hebrejštiny a z řečtiny, aby co nejpřesněji zachoval vnitřní smysl textu. Tento Swedenborgův překlad budeme používat, pokud to bude potřeba na doplnění nebo upřesnění českého překladu biblického textu. Na začátku každé kapitoly je uveden ekumenický překlad biblického textu, kterým se kapitola bude zabývat. Při výkladu jednotlivých veršů probírané biblické kapitoly a také při citaci nejrůznějších biblických úryvků je vždy uveden ten český překlad, který nejvíce odpovídá Swedenborgovu překladu dotyčného textu. (Jestliže se jedná o jiný než ekumenický překlad, je uveden název překladu.) Pokud český překlad odpovídající překladu Swedenborgovu neexistuje, je uvedený překlad doplněn a upřesněn tak, aby bylo zřejmé, v čem se odlišuje od Swedenborgova překladu. Biblické citáty jsou tištěny kurzívou. Jednᬠli se o celý verš, který je vysvětlován, je kurzíva vytištěna tučně a podtržena. Jednᬠli se pouze o jednotlivá slova (z biblických veršů), jejichž vnitřní smysl je objasňován, je kurzíva tučně, ale nepodtržena. Další biblické citáty, které doplňují vysvětlovaný text, jsou psány obyčejnou kurzívou.

První český překlad knihy Tajemství nebe, spolu ještě s překlady knih Vysvětlená Apokalypsa (z latinského originálu Apokalypsa Explicata) a Odhalená Apokalypsa (z latinského originálu Apocalypsa Revelata), pořídil v letech 1921-1951 pan B. J. Musil. Tyto překlady bohužel nebyly nikdy oficiálně vydány. Pokud je nám známo, jsou uchovány pouze ve strojopisech, a to u potomků někdejších přátel p. Musila, kteří si těchto překladů velmi cení.

Kdo byl Emanuel Swedenborg?

Emanuel Swedenborg se narodil jako Emanuel Swedberg ve Stockholmu ve Švédsku 29. ledna 1688. Byl třetím dítětem a druhým synem děkana Jespera Swedberga a jeho manželky Sáry Behmové. Otec E. Swedenborga byl prvním kaplanem královského pluku, poté profesorem teologie a později biskupem Švédské luteránské církve. Roku 1719 nová královna Ulrika Eleonora povýšila Emanuela Swedberga a jeho sourozence do šlechtického stavu (tehdy bylo zvykem taková povýšení udělovat dětem biskupů za zásluhy jejich otců) a příjmení rodiny bylo změněno na Swedenborg.

Zájem o vědu probudil ve Swedenborgovi jeho švagr Erik Benzelius, knihovník na univerzitě v Uppsale, který se s velkým zaujetím zabýval matematikou a přírodními vědami. Po ukončení univerzitního studia filozofie odjel Swedenborg ve svých dvaceti letech do ciziny, aby si zde doplnil vzdělání. V Londýně bydlel u různých obchodníků, od nichž se mnohému praktickému naučil. Studoval také práce Newtonovy, které uvedl do Švédska, studoval matematiku v Oxfordu, vedl dlouhé diskuse s astronomy Flamsteedem a Halleyem. Dá se říci, že Swedenborg využil každé příležitosti k setkáním s nejlepšími mysliteli své doby. Když coby starší člověk pohlédl zpět na toto období svého života, uvědomil si, že to byl začátek přípravy na jeho celoživotní dílo.

Po více než dvou letech strávených v Anglii navštívil Swedenborg Holandsko, Francii a Německo. V té době měl připraveny plány pro realizaci čtrnácti mechanických vynálezů, například:

Loď, která může kdekoliv sestoupit i s posádkou pod mořskou hladinu a značně poškodit nepřátelské loďstvo.

Univerzální hudební nástroj, který by umožnil člověku, jenž nemá hudební vzdělání, zahrát všechny melodie zapsané na papíře v notách.

Létající kočár neboli dopravní prostředek, který by se mohl vznášet ve vzduchu.

Metodu, která by zjišťovala přání a stavy mysli analýzou.

Po pěti letech se Swedenborg vrátil do Švédska a začal spolupracovat s velkým švédským vynálezcem Christopherem Polhemem a vydával na své vlastní náklady časopis, který je nyní Švédskou královskou vědeckou akademií uznáván jako její první vědecký časopis. Swedenborg také pracoval dvacet pět let ve vedoucí pozici v oblasti důlního inženýrství. To ho udržovalo v kontaktu s každodenním životem, ale v té době byl též aktivní ve světě vědy. Byl průkopníkem v geologii a napsal první švédskou učebnici algebry. Navíc byl v Evropě známý jako významný filozof. Z jeho pera vzešla tato velká filozofická díla: Filozofické a mineralogické práce, Základní principy přírodních věcí, Nekonečné a konečné příčiny stvoření, Uspořádání království duše (tělo je zde chápáno jako království duše), Království duše (další díl).

Swedenborg se ve svých dílech podrobně zabýval lidskou duší, zejména ho zajímalo – jako mnohé filozofy v 18. století – kde je její sídlo. Ve své knize „Království duše“ (vydané roku 1744 – 45) si Swedenborg uvědomil, že se dostal až na práh duše – došel tak daleko, jak mu tehdejší vědecké metody dovolovaly. Uvědomění si této skutečnosti ho přivedlo až k zásadnímu obratu v jeho životě – z filozofa se stal teologem. Swedenborg byl vždycky křesťanským filozofem odsuzujícím tajný ateistický materializmus, který se rozšířil mezi mnoha jeho vědeckými kolegy. Všechny svoje filozofické práce napsal proto, aby ukázal, že existuje realita, která je nad fyzickým světem.

Práci nazvanou latinsky Arcana Coelestia, česky přeloženo jako Tajemství nebe, publikoval Swedenborg v Londýně v letech 1749 – 1756. V této knize je podrobně vysvětlen vnitřní neboli duchovní smysl biblických knih Genesis (tj. 1. Mojžíšova) a Exodus (tj. 2. Mojžíšova). V průběhu výkladu těchto knih Swedenborg často přidává i výklad různých dalších biblických citátů, které se nějak tematicky dotýkají právě probíraného biblického textu. Navíc jsou mezi jednotlivé kapitoly vloženy pasáže na různá specifická témata týkající se Nebeských nauk. Text knihy Tajemství nebe je rozdělen do kapitol, které odpovídají biblickým kapitolám. Každá jednotlivá kapitola je dále rozdělena do článků, jež jsou očíslovány pořadovými čísly od čísla 1 do čísla 10 837.

Překlad prvního dílu knihy Tajemství nebe čtenáři předkládá výklad prvních šesti kapitol Genesis (tj. články č. 1-683). Výchozím textem jsou – s přihlédnutím k latinskému originálu Arcana Coelestia – dva anglické překlady, a to The Heavenly Arcana, překlad upravený Rev. Johnem Faulknerem Pottsem z r. 1956 a Secrets of Heaven od Lisy Hyatt Cooperové z r. 2008.

526. And the third part of them was darkened, signifies that all these were changed into the falsities of evil and into the evils of falsity. This is evident from the signification of "darkness," as being falsities, and thus "to be darkened" means to be changed into falsities. It means a change both into the falsities of evil and into the evils of falsity, because it is said that "the third part of the sun was darkened, the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars," and the "sun" signifies the good of love, the "moon" the good and truth of faith, and the "stars" the knowledges of good and truth; therefore "the third part of the sun was darkened" signifies that the good of love was changed into evil and into falsity from evil, which is the falsity of evil; for good is changed into evil and into falsity therefrom, but the truth of faith, which is signified by the "moon," is changed into falsity and into evil therefrom, which is the evil of falsity. The evil of falsity is the falsity of doctrine out of which comes evil of life, and the falsity of evil is the evil of life out of which comes the falsity of doctrine.

[2] Darkness signifies falsity because light signifies truth, and falsity is the opposite of truth as darkness is of light; moreover, when the light of life, which is the Divine truth, is not with man, the shadow of death is with him, which is falsity; for man from what is his own (proprium) is in every evil and in falsity from the evil, and he is removed from these only by means of the truths of the church; consequently where there are no truths there are the falsities of evil. (That it is only by means of truths that man is removed from evils, is purified, and is reformed, see in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 24.)

[3] That "darkness" signifies in the Word falsities of various kinds can be seen from the following passages. In Joel:

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Jehovah cometh (Joel 2:31).

"The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood," has a similar signification as "the third part of the sun and the third part of the moon were darkened," namely, that at the end of the church there will be the falsity of evil in the place of the good of love, and evil of falsity in the place of truth of faith.

[4] Elsewhere in the Word where the darkening of the sun and moon is spoken of there is a like meaning, as in Isaiah:

For the stars of the heavens and the constellations thereof shall not make their light to shine; the sun shall be darkened in its rising, and the moon shall not make bright her light (Isaiah 13:10; 24:21, 23).

In Ezekiel:

When I shall extinguish thee I will cover the heavens and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not make her light to shine; all luminaries of light in the heavens will I make dark over thee, and I will set darkness upon thy land (Ezekiel 32:7, 8).

In Joel:

The day of Jehovah is near in the valley of decision; the sun and the moon have been darkened, and the stars have withdrawn their brightness (Joel 3:14, 15).

In the same:

The day of Jehovah cometh, a day of darkness and of thick darkness, a day of cloud and obscurity. Before Him the earth trembled, the sun and the moon were darkened, and the stars withdrew their brightness (Joel 2:1-2, 10).

In the Gospels:

Immediately after the affliction of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven (Matthew 24:29; Mark 13:24, 25).

This is said of the last time of the church, when there is no longer any spiritual good or truth, or the good and truth of heaven and the church, but evil and falsity. That the goods and truths of the church, which are called the goods of love and the truths of faith are changed into evils and falsities, is signified by "the sun and moon shall be obscured and darkened, and the stars shall not give their light;" the Last Judgment that then follows is meant by "the day of Jehovah great and terrible;" and as this comes when the church is in darkness and in thick darkness, that day is also called "a day of darkness and thick darkness," and also "a day of cloud and obscurity," as also in the following passages.

[5] In Amos:

Woe unto you that desire the day of Jehovah. What to you is the day of Jehovah? It is darkness, and not light. Shall not the day of Jehovah be darkness, and not light? Even thick darkness, and no brightness to it? (Amos 5:18, 20).

In Zephaniah:

The day of Jehovah, a day of wasteness and devastation, a day of darkness and thick darkness, a day of clouds and of gloominess (Zephaniah 1:14, 15).

In Isaiah:

In that day he shall look upon the land, which behold is darkness and distress, and the light shall grow dark in its ruins (Isaiah 5:30).

In the same:

He shall look unto the earth, and behold distress and darkness dimmed with straitness and driven with thick darkness (Isaiah 8:22).

In the same:

Behold, darkness covereth the earth, and thick darkness the peoples (Isaiah 60:2).

In Jeremiah:

Give glory to Jehovah your God before He causeth darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight; then shall ye look for light, but He will turn it into the shadow of death, He will make it thick darkness (Jeremiah 13:16).

This is said of the last time of the church, when the Lord is to come into the world, and judgment is to be accomplished; because there will then be no longer any good of love or truth of faith, but the evil of falsity and the falsity of evil, that day is called "a day of darkness and of thick darkness."

[6] The same is signified by:

The darkness that came over all the land from the sixth hour to the ninth hour when the Lord was crucified (Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44-49).

"The darkness over all the land" represented that in the whole church there was nothing but evil and falsity therefrom, and falsity and evil therefrom; moreover, the three hours signify what is full and complete; for each and all things related in the Gospels respecting the Lord's passion have stored up in them arcana of heaven, and signify Divine celestial things, which can be laid open only by means of the internal spiritual sense.

[7] That "darkness" signifies falsity is further evident from the following passages. In Isaiah:

Woe unto them that call evil good and good evil, that put darkness for light and light for darkness (Isaiah 5:20).

"To put darkness for light and light for darkness" signifies to call falsity truth and truth falsity; it is clear that "darkness" means falsity and "light" truth, for good and evil are first spoken of, therefore what follows must be respecting truth and falsity.

[8] In John:

This is the judgment, that the Light hath come into the world, and men have loved the darkness rather than the light, because their works were evil (John 3:19).

The Lord here calls Himself the Light because He was the Divine truth itself when in the world; therefore "the Light" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine truth, also Divine truth from the Lord; and as darkness is opposed to light, "the darkness that men loved rather than the light" signifies infernal falsity, which is the falsity of evil. That the falsity of evil is here signified by "darkness" is evident from its being said, "because their works were evil." The falsity of evil springs from evil works, or the evils of life; for as good joins to itself truth, so evil joins to itself falsity; for the one belongs to the other.

[9] "Light" and "darkness" have a similar signification in the following passages in John:

In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men. And the light appeareth in the darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not (John 1:4, 5).

In the same:

Jesus said, I am the Light of the world; he that followeth Me shall not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life (John 8:12).

In the same:

Jesus said, Walk while ye have the Light, that darkness overtake you not; for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. I have come a Light into the world, that whosoever believeth on Me may not abide in darkness (John 12:35, 46).

In these passages "darkness" signifies infernal falsity; for the "light" to which darkness is opposed, signifies Divine truth. "Light" signifies Divine truth because light in the heavens is in its essence Divine truth proceeding from the Lord (See in the work on Heaven and Hell 116-140). Now as Divine truth is the light in the heavens, it follows that the falsity of evil, which is the falsity in the hells, is darkness. This darkness is not indeed darkness to those who are in the hells, for they see one another; but the light by which they see is like the lumen from burning coal, and this lumen, when the light of heaven flows into it, becomes mere darkness. For this reason also the caverns and dens in which they are appear to those in heaven like gloomy caves.

[10] From this it can be seen why "darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, and why the Lord says:

That those who are in hell are to be cast into outer darkness (Matthew 8:12; 22:13; 25:30).

In David:

The enemy pursueth my soul; he hath crushed my life down to the earth; he hath made me to sit in darkness, like the dead of the world (Psalms 143:3).

"The enemy who pursueth his soul" signifies in the spiritual sense evil; consequently "to make me to sit in darkness" signifies falsities.

[11] In Isaiah:

Judgment is far from us, and righteousness doth not overtake us; we wait for light, but behold darkness; for brightness, but we walk in thick darkness (Isaiah 59:9).

"Judgment is far from us" signifies that there is no understanding of truth; "righteousness doth not overtake us" signifies that there is no good of life; "we wait for light, but behold darkness," signifies waiting for truth, but behold falsity; "for brightness, but we walk in thick darkness," signifies waiting for goods through truths, but behold a life of falsity from evils; for "brightness" signifies the goods of truth, because "light" signifies truth, and truth is bright from good; "thick darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, and "to walk" signifies to live.

[12] In Luke:

But this is your hour and the power of darkness (Luke 22:53).

The Lord said this to the chief priests, the captains of the temple, and the elders, who seized Him by the aid of Judas. The power to do this wickedness the Lord calls "the power of darkness," because they were in the falsities of evil, in falsities respecting the Lord and in evils against Him; here also "darkness" means hell, because such falsities of evil are there.

[13] In the same:

The lamp of the body is the eye; when therefore thine eye is pure thy whole body also shall be light; but when the eye is evil thy body also shall be dark. Take heed, therefore, that the light that is in thee be not darkness. If thy whole body therefore be light, having no part dark, the whole shall be light, as when a lamp by its flashing doth give thee light (Luke 11:34-36; Matthew 6:22, 23).

The "eye" here signifies the understanding, and the "pure (or single) eye" the understanding of truth from good; but the "evil eye" signifies the understanding of falsity from evil; the "body" that is either light or dark, means the whole man. From this the signification of these words in series can be concluded, namely, that the whole man is such as is his understanding from the will; for every man is his truth and his good, because he is his love or affection; therefore he is throughout wholly such as he is in respect to his understanding from his will; for all truth is of the understanding, and all good is of the will; for the body is a mere obedience, since it is the effect of an effecting cause, and the effecting cause is the understanding from the will; therefore such as is the quality of the one such is that of the other, for the effect has its all from its effecting cause. That heed must be taken that truth once perceived in the understanding and received into the will be not turned into falsity, which is done from evil, is meant by "take heed, therefore, that the light that is in thee be not darkness," for from this falsities become worse; therefore in Matthew, in the passages just referred to, it is said:

If, therefore, the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is the darkness! (Matthew 6:23).

[14] "Darkness" signifies the falsities of evil also in Isaiah:

Sit thou silent and enter into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans; for they shall no longer call thee the mistress of kingdoms (Isaiah 47:5).

"The daughter of the Chaldeans" signifies the falsification of truth, therefore "darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, since evil falsifies truth:

The thick darkness of darkness that was over all the land of Egypt for three days, while in the dwellings of the sons of Israel there was light (Exodus 10:21-23);

signifies also the falsity of evil. Likewise the "darkness" in Genesis (Genesis 15:17), and in many other passages.

[15] It has been shown thus far that "darkness" signifies in the Word the falsities of evil. "Darkness" signifies also falsities not of evil, such as were the falsities of religion among the upright Gentiles, which falsities were with them because of their ignorance of the truth; that these falsities were also called "darkness" is evident from the following passages:

This people walking in darkness have seen a great light; those dwelling in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light become bright (Isaiah 9:2).

In Matthew:

A people sitting in darkness saw a great light; and to those sitting in the region and shadow of death a light hath arisen (Matthew 4:16).

In Luke:

The dayspring from on high appeared to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death (Luke 1:78, 79).

In Isaiah:

If thou shalt draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul, thy light shall arise in the darkness, and thy thick darkness be as the noonday (Isaiah 58:10).

In the same:

He shall say to the bound, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Be revealed (Isaiah 49:9).

In the same:

In that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see out of thick darkness and in ¹ darkness (Isaiah 29:18).

In the same:

And I will lead the blind in a way that they have not known. I will make darkness into light before them, and crooked things into straightness (Isaiah 42:16).

In Micah:

When I sit in darkness Jehovah shall be a Light unto me (Micah 7:8).

In these passages "darkness" signifies the falsities of ignorance, such as existed, and as exist at this day among the upright Gentiles. These falsities are altogether distinct from the falsities of evil, which have evil stored up in them because they are from evil, while the former have good stored up in them because they have good as an end. Those, therefore, who are in these falsities can be instructed in truths, and they also when instructed receive truths in the heart, for the reason that good, which is in their falsities, loves truth, and also conjoins itself to truth when it is heard. It is otherwise with the falsities of evil; these are averse to all truth and cast it off because it is truth, and thus is not in agreement with evil.

[16] Again, "darkness" signifies in the Word mere ignorance from lack of truth (as in David, Psalms 18:29; 139:11, 12). "Darkness" signifies also natural lumen, for this in comparison with spiritual light is like darkness; therefore also when angels look down into man's natural lumen, such as is in man's natural cognition, they regard it as darkness, and the things that are in it as in darkness; this light is signified by "darkness" in Genesis 1:2-5. And as the sense of the letter of the Word is natural, that sense also is called in the Word "a cloud," and also "darkness," in comparison with the internal spiritual sense, which is the light of heaven, and is called "glory."

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