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Matthew 13

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1 Cũng ngày ấy, Ðức Chúa Jêsus ra khỏi nhà, ngồi bên mé biển.

2 Ðoàn dân nhóm họp xung quanh Ngài đông lắm, đến nỗi Ngài phải xuống thuyền mà ngồi, còn cả đoàn dân đứng trên bờ.

3 Ngài dùng thí dụ mà giảng nhiều điều cùng họ. Ngài phán như vầy: Có người gieo giống đi ra đặng gieo.

4 Khi đương gieo, một phần giống rơi dọc đường, chim bay xuống và ăn.

5 Một phần khác rơi nhằm chỗ đất đá sỏi, chỉ có ít đất thịt, bị lấp không sâu, liền mọc lên;

6 song khi mặt trời mọc lên, thì bị đốt, và vì không có rễ, nên phải héo.

7 Một phần khác rơi nhằm bụi gai, gai mọc rậm lên, phải nghẹt ngòi.

8 Một phần khác nữa rơi nhằm chỗ đất tốt, thì sanh trái; hoặc một hột ra được một trăm, hoặc một hột sáu chục, hoặc một hột ba chục.

9 Ai có tai, hãy nghe!

10 Môn đồ bèn đến gần Ngài mà hỏi rằng: sao thầy dùng thí dụ mà phán cùng chúng vậy?

11 Ngài đáp rằng: bởi vì đã ban cho các ngươi được biết những điều mầu nhiệm của nước thiên đàng, song về phần họ, thì không ban cho biết.

12 Vì sẽ cho thêm kẻ nào đã có, thì họ sẽ được dư dật; nhưng kẻ nào không có, thì lại cất luôn điều họ đã có nữa.

13 Vậy nên ta phán thí dụ cùng chúng; vì họ xem mà không thấy, lắng tai mà không nghe, và không hiểu chi hết.

14 Vậy, về họ, đã được ứng nghiệm lời tiên tri của Ê-sai rằng: Các ngươi sẽ lắng tai nghe, mà chẳng hiểu chi; Lấy mắt xem mà chẳng thấy chi.

15 Vì lòng dân nầy đã cứng cỏi; Ðã làm cho nặng tai Và nhắm mắt mình lại, E khi mắt mình thấy được, Tai mình nghe được, Lòng mình hiểu được, Họ tự hối cải lại, Và ta chữa họ được lành chăng.

16 Nhưng phước cho mắt các ngươi, vì thấy được; phước cho tai các ngươi, vì nghe được!

17 Quả thật, ta nói cùng các ngươi, có nhiều đấng tiên tri, nhiều người công chính đã ước ao thấy điều các ngươi thấy, mà chẳng được thấy; ước ao nghe điều các ngươi nghe, mà chẳng được nghe.

18 Ấy vậy, các ngươi hãy nghe nghĩa ví dụ về kẻ gieo giống là gì.

19 Khi người nào nghe đạo nước thiên đàng, mà không hiểu, thì quỉ dữ đến cướp điều đã gieo trong lòng mình; ấy là kẻ chịu lấy hột giống rơi ra dọc đàng.

20 Người nào chịu lấy hột giống nơi đất đá sỏi, tức là kẻ nghe đạo, liền vui mừng chịu lấy;

21 song trong lòng không có rễ, chỉ tạm thời mà thôi, đến khi vì đạo mà gặp sự cực khổ, sự bắt bớ, thì liền vấp phạm.

22 Kẻ nào chịu lấy hột giống nơi bụi gai, tức là kẻ nghe đạo; mà sự lo lắng về đời nầy, và sự mê đắm và của cải, làm cho nghẹt ngòi đạo và thành ra không kết quả.

23 Song, kẻ nào chịu lấy hột giống nơi đất tốt, tức là kẻ nghe đạo và hiểu; người ấy được kết quả đến nỗi một hột ra một trăm, hột khác sáu chục, hột khác ba chục.

24 Ðức Chúa Jêsus phán ví dụ khác cùng chúng rằng: Nước thiên đàng giống như người kia gieo giống tốt trong ruộng mình.

25 Nhưng đương khi người ta ngủ, thì kẻ th@¹ chủ ruộng liền đến, gieo cỏ lùng vào trong lúa mì, rồi đi.

26 Ðến khi lúa mì lớn lên, và trổ bông, thì cỏ lùng cũng lòi ra.

27 Các đầy tớ của chủ nhà bèn đến thưa rằng: Thưa chủ, chủ không gieo giống tốt trong ruộng chủ sao? Vậy thì cỏ lùng bởi đâu mà ra?

28 Chủ đáp rằng: Ấy là một kẻ thù đã làm điều đó. Các đầy tớ thưa rằng: Vậy chủ có muốn chúng tôi đi nhổ cỏ đó chăng?

29 Chủ rằng: Chẳng nên, e khi nhổ cỏ lùng, hoặc các ngươi nhổ lộn lúa mì đi chăng.

30 Hãy để cho cả hai thứ cùng lớn lên cho đến mùa gặt; đến mùa gặt, ta sẽ dặn con gặt rằng: trước hết hãy nhổ cỏ lùng, lại từng mà đốt đi; song hãy thâu trử lúa mì vào kho ta.

31 Ngài lấy ví dụ khác mà phán rằng: Nước thiên đàng giống như một hột cải mà người kia lấy gieo trong ruộng mình;

32 hột ấy thật nhỏ hơn cả các giống khác, song khi đã mọc lên, thì lớn hơn các thứ rau, và trở nên cây cối, cho đến nỗi chim trời tới làm ổ trên nhành nó được.

33 Ngài lấy ví dụ khác nữa mà phán rằng: Nước thiên đàng giống như men mà người đờn bà kia lấy trộn vào trong ba đấu bột, cho đến chừng nào bột dậy cả lên.

34 Ðức Chúa Jêsus lấy lời ví dụ mà phán những điều đó cùng đoàn dân, Ngài chẳng phán điều gì cùng họ mà không dùng lời ví dụ,

35 để được ứng nghiệm lời đấng tiên tri rằng: Ta sẽ mở miệng ra mà nói lời ví dụ, Ta sẽ rao bảo những điều kín nhiệm từ khi dựng nên trời đất.

36 Bấy giờ, Ðức Chúa Jêsus cho chúng về, rồi vào nhà; môn đồ đến gần mà hỏi Ngài rằng: Xin thầy giải lời ví dụ về cỏ lùng trong ruộng cho chúng tôi.

37 Ngài đáp rằng: Kẻ gieo giống tốt, là Con người;

38 ruộng là thế gian; giống tốt, là con cái nước thiên đàng; cỏ lùng, là con cái quỉ dữ;

39 kẻ nghịch thù gieo cỏ ấy, là ma quỉ; mùa gặt, là ngày tận thế; con gặt, là các thiên sứ.

40 Còn người ta nhổ cỏ lùng mà đốt trong lửa thể nào, thì ngày tận thế cũng sẽ như vậy;

41 Con người sẽ sai các thiên sứ Ngài thâu mọi gương xấu và những kẻ làm ác khỏi nước Ngài,

42 và quăng những người đó vào lò lửa, là nơi sẽ có khóc lóc và nghiến răng.

43 Khi ấy, những người công bình sẽ chói rạng như mặt trời trong nước của Cha mình. Ai có tai, hãy nghe!

44 Nước thiên đàng giống như của báu chôn trong một đám ruộng kia. Một người kia tìm được thì giấu đi, vui mừng mà trở về, bán hết gia tài mình, mua đám ruộng đó.

45 Nước thiên đàng lại giống như một người lái buôn kiếm ngọc châu tốt,

46 khi đã tìm được một hột châu quí giá, thì đi bán hết gia tài mình mà mua hột châu đó.

47 Nước thiên đàng cũng giống như một tay lưới thả xuống biển, bắt đủ mọi thứ cá.

48 Khi lưới được đầy rồi, thì người đánh cá kéo lên bờ; đoạn, ngồi mà chọn giống tốt để riêng ra, đem bỏ vào rổ, còn giống xấu thì ném đi.

49 Ðến ngày tận thế cũng như vầy: các thiên sứ sẽ đến và chia kẻ ác với người công bình ra,

50 ném những kẻ ác vào lò lửa; ở đó sẽ có khóc lóc và nghiến răng.

51 Các ngươi có hiểu mọi điều đó chăng! Các môn đồ thưa rằng: Có hiểu.

52 Ngài bèn phán rằng: Vì cớ ấy, mọi thầy thông giáo đã học thông đạo về nước thiên đàng, thì giống như một người chủ nhà kia, đem những vật mới và cũ ở trong kho mình ra.

53 Ðức Chúa Trời phán các lời ví dụ ấy rồi, thì đi khỏi chỗ đó.

54 Ngài về đến quê hương, rồi dạy dỗ trong nhà hội, đến nỗi ai nghe cũng lấy làm lạ, mà nói rằng: Bởi đâu mà người nầy được khôn ngoan và những phép lạ nầy?

55 Có phải là con người thợ mộc chăng? Mẹ người có phải là Ma-ri, và anh em người là Gia-cơ, Giô-sép, Si-môn, Giu-đê chăng?

56 Chị em người đều ở giữa chúng ta chăng? Bởi đâu mà người nầy được mọi điều ấy như vậy?

57 Họ bèn vì cớ Ngài mà vấp phạm. Song Ðức Chúa Jêsus phán cùng họ rằng: Ðấng tiên tri chỉ bị trong xứ mình và người nhà mình khinh dể mà thôi.

58 Ở đó, Ngài không làm nhiều phép lạ, vì chúng không có lòng tin.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9192

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9192. 'He who sacrifices to the gods' means worship composed of falsities arising from evil. This is clear from the meaning of 'offering sacrifice' as worship, worship being meant by 'offering sacrifice' because sacrifices were the chief forms of worship among the Israelite and Jewish people, 923, 6905, 8680, 8936; and from the meaning of 'the gods' as falsities, dealt with in 4402(end), 4544, 7873, 8941. The expression 'worship composed of falsities arising from evil' is used since it is the opposite of worship composed of truths springing from good. For the guidelines of all worship are religious teachings, which to the extent that they spring from good are truths, and to the extent that they arise from evil are falsities. The truths derive the essence and the life that is theirs from the good, while on the other hand the falsities derive the death that is theirs from the evil.

[2] The implications of all this are that there are some people who possess authentic truths, some who possess unauthentic truths, and some who possess falsities. And yet those who possess the authentic truths are often damned, while those who possess the unauthentic truths, and those too who possess falsities, are often saved. To most people this will seem to be paradoxical, but it is nevertheless the truth. Actual experience has proved it to me. I have seen in hell those who were more learned than others in truths derived from the Word and from the teachings of their Church, both prelates and others. On the other hand I have seen in heaven those who possessed unauthentic truths, and even those who possessed falsities, both Christians and gentiles.

[3] The reason why the former were in hell was that in doctrine they had indeed possessed truths, but in life they had been steeped in evils. And the reason why the latter were in heaven was that in doctrine they had indeed possessed unauthentic truths, but in life they had nevertheless been governed by good. Some spirits who had arrived recently in the next life and to whom I was allowed to speak were amazed that those who were more learned than others in the Word and in the teachings of their Church should be among the damned. They had supposed that these would be leading lights in heaven, in accordance with the following words in Daniel,

Those who have intelligence will shine like the brightness of the expanse, and those who turn many to righteousness like the stars forever and into eternity. Daniel 12:3.

But I told those spirits that 'those who have intelligence' are people who possess truth and teach truths, and 'those who turn others to righteousness' are people who are governed by good and lead others to good, and that this was why the Lord said,

The righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Matthew 13:43.

The word 'righteousness' has reference to good, so that 'the righteous' are those governed by good, see 2235.

[4] I went on to tell those spirits that people who are learned in doctrine but evil in the life they lead are the ones to whom the Lord was referring in Matthew,

Many will say to Me on that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy through Your name, and through Your name cast out demons, and do many mighty works in Your name? But then I will confess to them, I do not know you; depart from Me, you workers of iniquity. Matthew 7:22-23.

And in Luke,

Then you will begin to say, We ate in Your presence and we drank; You taught in our streets. But He will say, I say to you, I do not know where you come from; depart from Me, all you workers of iniquity. Luke 13:26-27.

The same people were also meant by the foolish virgins who had no oil in their lamps, who are spoken of in Matthew,

Finally those virgins came, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. But He replying said, Truly I say to you, I do not know you. Matthew 25:11-12.

'Having oil in their lamps' means having good within truths that belong to the Church's faith, 4638, 'oil' being the good of love, see 886, 4582.

[5] I also told those spirits that those who possess unauthentic truths, and indeed those who as a result of their ignorance possess falsities, yet are governed by good and therefore desire to know the truth, were meant by the Lord in Matthew,

I say to you that many will come from the east even to the west and will recline with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the sons of the kingdom will be cast into outer darkness. Matthew 8:11-12.

And in Luke,

They will come from the east and the west, and from the north and the south, reclining in the kingdom of God. And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last. Luke 13:29-30.

The fact that gentiles who are governed by good, even though as a result of their ignorance they possess unauthentic truths, are received into heaven, see 2589-2604, 2861, 2863, 3263, 4190, 4197.

[6] From all this it now becomes clear that 'those who sacrifice to the gods' means people whose worship consists of falsity arising from evil, and that they are the ones who 'shall be utterly destroyed', that is, cast out. Falsities arising from evil are evils in an outward form, for when evil steps out into the light and dons an outward form it is called falsity. So it is that if people are ruled by evil in the life they lead, then even though in doctrine they possess truths, they are still steeped in falsities arising from their evil. The truth of this is plain to see in the next life. When those people are left to themselves, then evil that goes against the truths they have known and claimed to believe in governs their thinking, that is, falsities compose it. Those same people behave in a similar way in the world if left to themselves; for then their thoughts are such that those people either pervert truths or deny truths, in order to justify the evils of their life.

[7] But people who are governed by good yet possess unauthentic truths, and even people who possess falsities because they know no better (of whom there are very many within the Church, and also very many outside it, called gentiles), do indeed regard their falsities as truths. But since these falsities proceed from good and those people bend them towards good, there is nothing harmful about them, as there is about falsities that arise from evil. And since falsities arising from good are gentle and yielding, those people are capable of receiving truths, and do indeed receive them when given instruction by angels. These falsities may be compared to food that looks bad but is nevertheless palatable, whereas falsities arising from evil may be compared to bad-looking food that is rotten inside. Truths that arise from evil however may be compared to food that looks good yet contains what is harmful, or if hypocrisy is present is poisonous, as the Lord teaches in Matthew,

Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you make yourselves like white-washed sepulchres, which outwardly do indeed appear beautiful, but within are full of dead people's bones and of all uncleanness. Matthew 23:27.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 4197

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4197. 'And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and you today; therefore he called its name Galeed' means that it will be so for ever - hence the nature of it is described a second time. This is clear from the meaning of 'a heap' as good, dealt with above in 4192, and from the meaning of 'a witness' as the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'today' as for ever, dealt with in 2838, 3998; and from the meaning of 'calling the name' as the essential nature, dealt with in 144, 145, 1754, 2009, 2724, 3421. The particular nature of that good is contained in the name Galeed; for in ancient times when a name was given to anything the name contained the essential nature of that thing, 340, 1946, 2643, 3422. From this one may see what is meant by 'Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and you today; therefore he called its name Galeed', namely this: A testimony that the good meant here by 'Laban' was joined to the Divine good of the Lord's Natural, and therefore that the Lord was joined to the gentiles through good, it being this good that 'Laban' represents now, 4189. The truths belonging to this good are what bear witness to that conjunction; but as long as gentiles are living in this world their good is 'out of line' because they do not possess Divine truths. Nevertheless although those who are governed by that good, that is, who lead charitable lives with one another, do not have Divine truths straight from the Divine source, that is, from the Word, the good they have is not closed up but such as can be opened. What is more, it is opened in the next life when they receive instruction there in the truths of faith, and about the Lord. With Christians it is different. With those of them who lead charitable lives with one another, more so with those who are governed by love to the Lord, good straight from the Divine source is present even while they live in this world because they are in possession of Divine truths. For this reason they enter heaven without undergoing such instruction, provided that their truths have not contained falsities which must first be dispelled. But Christians who have not led charitable lives close heaven against themselves, very many doing so to such an extent that it cannot be opened. For they know truths but deny them and also harden themselves against them, if not with the lips nevertheless in their hearts.

[2] Why Laban first of all called the heap Jegar Sahadutha, its name in his own language, and after that Galeed, its name in the Canaanite language, when in fact the two have practically the same meaning, is for the sake of a bringing together and thereby a joining together. Speaking in the language or 'lip' of Canaan means responding to what is Divine, for 'Canaan' means the Lord's kingdom, and in the highest sense the Lord, 1607, 3038, 3705, as is evident in Isaiah,

On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt which speak in the lip of Canaan and swear by Jehovah Zebaoth. On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to Jehovah at its border; and it will be for a sign and a witness to Jehovah Zebaoth in the land of Egypt. Isaiah 19:18-20.

[3] The meaning of 'a witness' as the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, and the consequent meaning of 'a testimony' as good in which truth is rooted, and truth which arises out of good, may be seen from other parts of the Word. 'A witness' is seen to mean the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, from the following places: In Joshua,

Joshua said to the people, You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen Jehovah, to serve Him. And they said, We are witnesses. Then put away the foreigner's gods which are in the midst of you, and incline your heart to Jehovah the God of Israel. And the people said to Joshua, Jehovah our God we will serve, and His voice we will obey. And Joshua made a covenant with the people on that day, and set them a statute and a judgement in Shechem. And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a great stone and set it up there under the oak that was in the sanctuary of Jehovah. And Joshua said to all the people, Behold, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of Jehovah which He spoke to us; and it will be a witness to you, lest you deny your God. Joshua 24:22-27.

'A witness' in this passage clearly means a confirming - a confirming of the covenant and therefore of their being joined [to Jehovah]; for a covenant means a joining together, 665, 666, 1023, 1038, 1864, 1996, 2003, 2021. And since being joined to Jehovah or the Lord is not possible except through good, and since no good effecting that conjunction is possible apart from that which gains its true nature from truth, 'a witness' consequently means the confirmation of good by means of truth. The good meant in this passage consisted in being joined to Jehovah or the Lord, which came about through their choosing Him, to serve Him; and the truth by which it was confirmed was meant by 'the stone'; for 'a stone' means truth, see 643, 1298, 3720. In the highest sense 'the stone' is the Lord Himself since He is the source of all truth, and for that reason is also called 'the Stone of Israel' in Genesis 49:24, and in what is said here in Joshua, 'Behold, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of Jehovah which He spoke to us'.

[4] In John,

I will grant My two witnesses to prophesy 1260 days, clothed in sackcloth. The are the two olive trees and the two lampstands which are standing before the God of the earth. And if anyone wishes to harm them, fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies. These have power to shut heaven. But when they have finished their testimony, the beast that ascends from the abyss will make war with them and conquer them and kill them. But after three and a half days the spirit of life from God entered them, so that they stood up on their feet. Revelation 11:3-7, 11.

'The two witnesses' in this case are good and truth - that is, good in which truth is present and truth arising out of good - when both of these have been confirmed in people's hearts, as is evident from the statement that the two witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands. For 'an olive tree' means that kind of good, see 886, and 'the two olive trees' stands for celestial good and for spiritual good. Celestial good is essentially love to the Lord, spiritual good is essentially charity towards the neighbour. 'The lampstands' are the truths that belong to those two kinds of good, as will be clear when, in the Lord's Divine mercy, the lampstands are the subject. And it is these - forms of goodness and truth - which have the power to close heaven or to open it; see the Preface to Chapter 22. 'The beast out of the abyss, which is hell, will kill them' means the vastation of good and truth within the Church, and 'the spirit of life from God entered them, so that they stood up on their feet' means a new Church.

[5] Just as heaps in ancient times were set up to serve as witnesses, so later on were altars, as is clear in Joshua,

The Reubenites and the Gadites said, See the replica of the altar of Jehovah which our fathers made, not for burnt offering or for sacrifice, but to be a witness between us and you. And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called it The Altar - a witness between us that Jehovah is God. Joshua 22:28, 34.

'An altar' means the good of love, and in the highest sense the Lord Himself, 921, 2777, 2811. 'A witness' stands in the internal sense for the confirmation of good by means of truth.

[6] Since 'a witness' means the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, 'a witness' in the highest sense therefore means the Lord, for He Himself is the Divine Truth that confirms, as in Isaiah,

I will make with you an eternal covenant, even the true mercies of David. Lo, I have given him as a witness to the peoples, a prince and teacher to the peoples. Isaiah 55:3-4.

In John,

And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Revelation 1:5.

In the same book,

These things says the faithful and true witness, the beginning of God's creation. Revelation 3:14.

[7] The requirement in the representative Church that the truth must always be established on the testimony of two or three witnesses, not on that of one, Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6-7; 19:15; Matthew 18:16, originates in the Divine Law that one truth does not make good firm but many truths do so. For one truth unconnected to others does not confirm it only a number together, because from one truth it is possible to see another. One by itself does not give any form to good, and so does not manifest any essential quality possessed by good; but many in a connected series do so. For just as one musical note by itself does not constitute the melody, still less the full harmony, neither does one truth achieve anything. This is where the law requiring two or three witnesses originates, though to outward appearance it seems to have its origin in secular legislation. The one however is not contrary to the other, as is also the case with the Ten Commandments, dealt with in 2609.

[8] As regards 'a testimony' meaning good in which truth is rooted, and truth which arises out of good, this follows from what has just been said. It is also clear from the fact that the Ten Commandments written on tablets of stone are referred to by the single expression 'the Testimony', as in Moses,

Jehovah gave Moses, when He had finished speaking to him on Mount Sinai, the two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God. Exodus 31:18.

In the same author,

Moses came down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the Testimony were in his hand; the tablets were written from the two sides of it. Exodus 32:15.

And because those tablets were placed inside the Ark, the Ark is called 'the Ark of the Testimony'; in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You shall put into the Ark the Testimony which I shall give to you. Exodus 25:16, 21.

Moses took the Testimony and put it into the Ark. Exodus 40:20.

In the same author,

I will meet you, and talk to you from above the Mercy-seat, from between the two cherubs which are over the Ark of the Testimony. Exodus 25:22.

In the same author,

The cloud of incense covers the Mercy-seat which is over the Testimony. Leviticus 16:13.

In the same author,

The rods of the twelve tribes were left in the Tent of Meeting, in front of the Testimony. Numbers 17:4.

For evidence that the Ark was also called the Ark of the Testimony, see in addition to Exodus 25:22 quoted above, Exodus 31:7; Revelation 15:5.

[9] The Ten Commandments therefore were called the Testimony because they were the conditions of the covenant and so the conditions whereby God and man were joined to each other. But that joining to each other is not possible unless man keeps those commandments not only in their external form but also in their internal. What the internal form of those commandments is, see 2609; consequently it is good made firm by means of truth, and truth derived from good, that are meant by 'the Testimony'. And this being so, the tablets were also called 'the Tablets of the Covenant', and the Ark 'the Ark of the Covenant'. From this one may now see what is meant in the Word by 'the Testimony' in the genuine sense, for example in Deuteronomy 4:45; 6:17, 20; Isaiah 8:16; 2 Kings 17:15; Psalms 19:7; 25:10; 78:5, 56; 93:5; 119:2, 22, 24, 59, 79, 88, 138, 167; 122:4; Revelation 6:9; 12:17; 19:10.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.