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Cuộc di cư 22

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1 Ví ai bắt trộm bò hay chiên, rồi giết hoặc bán đi, thì phải thường năm con bò cho một con, và bốn con chiên cho một con.

2 Nếu kẻ trộm đang cạy cửa mà bị bắt và đánh chết đi, thì kẻ đánh chết chẳng phải tội sát nhân.

3 Song nếu đánh chết trong khi mặt trời đã mọc rồi, thì bị tội sát nhân. Kẻ trộm phải bồi thường; bằng chẳng có chi, thì sẽ bị bán vì tội trộm cắp mình.

4 Nếu vật mà kẻ trộm đã lấy, hoặc bò, lừa hay chiên, hãy còn thấy sống trong tay, thì kẻ trộm phải bồi thường gấp hai.

5 Ngộ ai làm hư hại trong ruộng hay là vườn nho, thả súc vật mình vào ăn trong ruộng người khác, thì ai đó phải lấy hoa lợi tốt nhất của ruộng hay là vườn nho mình mà thường bồi.

6 Nếu lửa nổi đốt bụi gai và cháy lan qua lúa đã bó, mùa màng, hay là đồng ruộng, thì kẻ nổi lửa đó phải bồi thường trọn mọi vật đã bị cháy.

7 Khi ai giao tiền bạc bay đồ vật cho kẻ lân cận mình giữ, rủi bị trộm cắp tại nhà kẻ lân cận đó, nếu tên trộm đã bị bắt được, thì nó phải thường gấp hai.

8 Nếu kẻ trộm không bị bắt được, thì chủ nhà cho gởi phải dẫn đến trước mặt Ðức Chúa Trời, đặng thề rằng mình chẳng hề đặt tay vào tài vật của kẻ lân cận mình.

9 Trong mọi việc gian lận nào, hoặc về một con bò, một con lừa, một con chiên, áo xống hay là một vật chi bị mất, mà có người nói rằng: "quả thật là đồ đó", thì phải đem duyên cớ hai đàng đến trước mặt Ðức Chúa Trời; kẻ nào bị Ngài xử phạt phải thường bồi cho kẻ lân cận mình gấp hai.

10 Nhược bằng người nào giao lừa, bò, chiên, hoặc súc vật nào khác cho kẻ lân cận mình giữ và bị chết, gãy một giò hay là bị đuổi đi, không ai thấy,

11 thì hai đàng phải lấy danh Ðức Giê-hô-va mà thề, hầu cho biết rằng người giữ súc vật có đặt tay trên tài vật của kẻ lân cận mình chăng. Người chủ con vật phải nhận lời thề, và người kia chẳng bồi thường.

12 Còn nếu con vật bị bắt trộm, thì người lãnh giữ phải thường bồi cho chủ nó.

13 Nếu con bật bị thú rừng chết, người lãnh giữ phải đem nó ra làm chứng, sẽ không phải bồi thường vật bị đó.

14 Vì ai mượn người lân cận mình một con vật mà nó gãy một giò, hoặc bị chết, không có mặt chủ, thì ai đó phải bồi thường.

15 Nếu chủ có mặt tại đó, thì không phải bồi thường. Nếu con vật đã cho mướn, thì giá muớn thế cho tiền bồi thường.

16 Nếu kẻ nào hòa dụ và nằm với một người gái đồng trinh chưa hứa giá, thì kẻ đó phải nộp tiền sính và cưới nàng làm vợ.

17 Nhược bằng cha nàng quyết từ chối không gả, thì kẻ đó phải nộp tiền bằng số tiền sính của người gái đồng trinh.

18 Ngươi chớ để các đồng cốt sống.

19 Kẻ nào nằm cùng một con vật sẽ bị xử tử.

20 Kẻ nào tế các thần khác hơn một mình Ðức Giê-hô-va sẽ bị diệt.

21 Ngươi chớ nên bạc đãi khách ngoại bang, và cũng chẳng nên hà hiếp họ, vì các ngươi đã làm khách kiều ngụ tại xứ Ê-díp-tô.

22 Các ngươi chớ ức hiếp một người góa bụa hay là một kẻ mồ côi nào.

23 Nếu ức hiếp họ, và họ kêu van ta, chắc ta sẽ nghe tiếng kêu của họ;

24 cơn nóng giận ta phừng lên, sẽ lấy gươm giết các ngươi, thì vợ các ngươi sẽ trở nên góa bụa, và con các ngươi sẽ mồ côi.

25 Trong dân ta có kẻ nghèo nàn ở cùng ngươi, nếu ngươi cho người mượn tiền, chớ xử với họ như người cho vay, và cũng chẳng nên bắt họ chịu lời.

26 Nếu ngươi cầm áo xống của kẻ lân cận mình làm của tin, thì phải trả cho họ trước khi mặt trời lặn;

27 vì là đồ chỉ có che thân, là áo xống che đậy da mình; người lấy chi mà ngủ? Nếu người đến kêu van ta, tất ta sẽ nghe lời người, vì ta là Ðấng hay thương xót.

28 Ngươi chớ nên nói lộng ngôn cùng Ðức Chúa Trời, và cũng đừng rủa sả vua chúa của dân sự ngươi.

29 Ngươi chớ trễ nải mà dâng cho ta những hoa quả đầu mùa của ngươi chứa trong vựa và rượu ép chảy nơi bàn ép. Ngươi cũng phải dâng cho ta con trai đầu lòng ngươi.

30 Về phần chiên và bò ngươi cũng hãy làm như vậy; trong bảy ngày đầu, con đầu lòng ở cùng mẹ nó, qua ngày thứ tám ngươi hãy dâng nó cho ta.

31 Các ngươi sẽ làm người thánh của ta, chớ nên ăn thịt chi bị thú rừng ở ngoài đồng; hãy liệng cho chó ăn.

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 9193

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9193. 'Shall be utterly destroyed' means being cast out. This is clear from the meaning of 'being utterly destroyed', when it refers to people whose worship is that of falsities arising from evil, as being cast out, that is to say, cast out of the Church. The fact that casting such falsities out of the Church, and so rooting them out, is meant by their being 'utterly destroyed', is evident in Moses,

If men of belial 1 have gone out of your midst, and have urged the inhabitants of their city, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, whom you have not known - if it is true and certain, 2 that [this] abomination has been committed in the midst of you - you shall surely strike the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword. You shall utterly destroy it and everyone who is in it, and also the beasts in it, with the edge of the sword. You shall bring together all the spoil from it into the middle of the street, and shall burn the city with fire, and all the spoil from it, the whole of it, to Jehovah your God, so that it may be a heap forever and not be built ever again. Do it so thoroughly that nothing of what is given to utter destruction sticks in your hand. Deuteronomy 13:13-17.

[2] The fact that falsity arising from evil is what 'that which is given to utter destruction' means is evident from the details of these verses in the internal sense. 'Cities' which were to be utterly destroyed are religious teachings, in this instance false teachings, 2712, 2943, 3216. 'The edge of the sword' with which they were to strike man and beast is truth fighting against and destroying falsity that arises from evil, 2799, 4499, 7102, 8294. 'The street' into the middle of which the spoil was to be brought is truth presented by religious teachings and in the contrary sense falsity presented by them, 2336. 'Fire' with which the spoil was to be burned along with the city is the evil of self-love, 1297, 2446, 5071, 5215, 6314, 6832, 7324. From all this it is evident that 'utter destruction' means being cast out of the Church and being rooted out. Therefore also it was commanded that the nations in the land of Canaan should be utterly destroyed, Deuteronomy 7:2, 24-26. For the nations had originally constituted the Church in that land, which also was why they had altars and in addition offered sacrifices, 3686, 4447, 4516, 4517, 5136, 6306, 6516, 8054. But when they turned representative worship - the worship of the Ancient Church - into idolatrous worship, and in so doing falsified truths and adulterated forms of good, 8317, the command came for them to be given to utter destruction, not only people but also cities and what was in them.

[3] The command came because everything there represented falsities arising from evil. The cities represented the actual teachings presenting falsity; the beasts represented evil affections; the gold and silver of those people represented evils and falsities; and so on with everything else. The worship of the Ancient Church had consisted first and foremost in worshipping God in human form, that is, in worshipping the Lord. But then they turned aside from good to evil and began to worship the actual objects that had served to represent Him, such as the sun, moon, and stars, also groves and pillars, and God in the form of various kinds of idols. Thus they worshipped external objects separated from anything of an internal nature; and this is brought about when the internal man has been closed. What closes the internal man is a life of evil; for good is that through which the Lord flows in and opens the internal man, and therefore evil is that which closes this. Once the internal man has been closed truths are turned into falsities; and when they remain they serve solely the evils of self-love and love of the world. Internal worship consists first and foremost in acknowledging the Lord, the one and only God, and in acknowledging that He is the source of everything good and true. People in the Church who do not acknowledge Him cannot be governed by good, nor thus by truth; and the ones to acknowledge Him are those who possess faith and at the same time lead a good life, but not those who lead a bad life, 8878. Acknowledging and worshipping the Lord consists in living according to His commandments, that is, leading the life of faith and of charity, see 8252-8257. The life of faith lies in doing His commandments in a spirit of obedience, and the life of charity lies in doing them out of love.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. A Hebrew word implying those who are worthless

2. literally, if [it is] truth, and the thing certain

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 6306

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6306. 'Which I took out of the hand of the Amorite' means because of the victory over evil. This is clear from the representation of 'the Amorite' as evil, dealt with in 1857; and from the meaning of 'taking out of the hand' as acquiring through victory. As regards 'the Amorites', it should be recognized that they mean evil, just as 'the Canaanites' and all the other nations in the land that are mentioned in the Word mean various kinds of evil and also of falsity. Such things were represented by the nations when the children of Israel were taking possession of the land of Canaan. The reason for this was that whenever the children of Israel represented the things of heaven those nations represented the things of hell; thus the land of Canaan represented every state that exists in the next life. Also, because the nations represented the things of hell they were utterly destroyed; and entrance into any treaty with those who might remain was forbidden.

[2] The action of the children of Israel, of their taking possession of and dwelling in the land of those who represented the hells, was representative. It represented what happened around the time of the Lord's Coming, when spirits from hell had possession of a large part of heaven but He, by coming into the world and making the human within Himself Divine, cast them out of there and down into hell, and thereby delivered heaven from them, which He then gave as an inheritance to those who belonged to His spiritual kingdom.

[3] The representation of the Amorite nation as evil in general is evident from the places where it is referred to, as in Ezekiel, Thus said the Lord Jehovih to Jerusalem, 1 Your tradings and your births are of the land of the Canaanite. Your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite. Ezekiel 16:3, 45.

'Father' in the internal sense means the Church's good, or in the contrary sense evil, and 'mother' means the Church's truth, or in the contrary sense falsity; and this is why it is said, 'Your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite'.

[4] In Amos,

I destroyed the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and whose strength was like the oaks. I led you in the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. Amos 2:9-10.

Here also 'the Amorite' stands for evil, for the evil of self-love is described by 'the height of the cedars' and 'the strength of an oak'. The reason why 'the Amorite' means evil in general is that the entire land of Canaan was called 'the land of the Amorite'; for it says, 'I led you in the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite'. In addition the second Book of Kings says,

Manasseh king of Judah did what was evil, greater than all the evil which the Amorites did, who were before him. 2 Kings 21:11.

[5] 'With my sword' means through truth engaged in conflict. This is clear from the meaning of 'sword' as truth engaged in conflict, dealt with in 2799, 4499.

'And my bow' means received from doctrine. This is clear from the meaning of 'bow' as doctrine, dealt with in 2686, 2709.

[6] The words used here, 'the portion which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and my bow' were, it is quite evident, uttered by Israel on account of the internal sense; for Jacob did not take that portion from the Amorite with sword or bow. He bought it from the sons of Hamor, as is evident from Genesis 33, where these words occur, Jacob came to Salem, the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, as he was coming from Paddan Aram; and he encamped towards the face of the city. And he bought the portion of the field where he had stretched his tent, from the hand of the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred kesitahs. Genesis 33:18-19.

The fact that this field was the portion he gave to Joseph is clear in Joshua,

The bones of Joseph which the children of Israel caused to be brought up out of Egypt they buried in Shechem, in the part of the field which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred kesitahs; and they had become an inheritance for the children of Joseph. Joshua 24:32.

From this it is evident that the portion had been bought, and that this is what was given to Joseph. Nor was the city of Shechem nearby meant, the city in which Simeon and Levi killed every male and which they took with the sword, Genesis 34. This is made clear by the fact that Jacob detested what they did and for that reason cursed Simeon and Levi, completely dissociating himself from the crime. He said,

Simeon and Levi are brothers; instruments of violence are their swords. Into their secret place let my soul not come; in their congregation let not my glory be united; for in their anger they killed a man, and in their pleasure they hamstrung an ox. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce, and their wrath, for it was hard. 2 I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. Genesis 49:5-7.

From all this it may now be seen that the words 'the portion which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and my bow' were uttered by him, when the spirit of prophecy rested on him, for the sake of the internal sense.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. The Latin means O Jerusalem but the Hebrew means to Jerusalem, which Swedenborg has in other places where he quotes this verse (and possibly in his rough draft here).

2. i.e. cruel

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.