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1я Царств 8

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1 Когда же состарился Самуил, то поставил сыновей своих судьями надИзраилем.

2 Имя старшему сыну его Иоиль, а Имя второму сыну его Авия; они былисудьями в Вирсавии.

3 Но сыновья его не ходили путями его, а уклонились в корысть и брали подарки, и судили превратно.

4 И собрались все старейшины Израиля, и пришли к Самуилу в Раму,

5 и сказали ему: вот, ты состарился, а сыновья твои не ходят путямитвоими; итак поставь над нами царя, чтобы он судил нас, как у прочих народов.

6 И не понравилось слово сие Самуилу, когда они сказали: дай нам царя, чтобы он судил нас. И молился Самуил Господу.

7 И сказал Господь Самуилу: послушай голоса народа во всем, что ониговорят тебе; ибо не тебя они отвергли, но отвергли Меня, чтоб Я не царствовал над ними;

8 как они поступали с того дня, в который Я вывел их из Египта, и до сего дня, оставляли Меня и служили иным богам, так поступают они с тобою;

9 итак послушай голоса их; только представь им и объяви им права царя, который будет царствовать над ними.

10 И пересказал Самуил все слова Господа народу, просящему у него царя,

11 и сказал: вот какие будут права царя, который будет царствовать над вами: сыновей вашихон возьмет и приставит их к колесницам своим и сделает всадниками своими, и будут они бегать пред колесницами его;

12 и поставит их у себя тысяченачальниками и пятидесятниками, и чтобы они возделывали поля его, и жали хлеб его, и делали ему воинское оружие и колесничный прибор его;

13 и дочерей ваших возьмет, чтоб они составляли масти, варили кушанье и пекли хлебы;

14 и поля ваши и виноградные и масличные сады ваши лучшие возьмет, и отдаст слугам своим;

15 и от посевов ваших и из виноградных садов ваших возьмет десятую часть и отдаст евнухам своим и слугам своим;

16 и рабов ваших и рабынь ваших, и юношей ваших лучших, и ослов ваших возьмет и употребит на свои дела;

17 от мелкого скота вашего возьмет десятую часть, и сами вы будете ему рабами;

18 и восстенаете тогда от царя вашего, которого вы избрали себе; и не будет Господь отвечать вам тогда.

19 Но народ не согласился послушаться голоса Самуила, и сказал: нет, пусть царь будет над нами,

20 и мы будем как прочие народы: будет судить нас царь наш, и ходить пред нами, и вести войны наши.

21 И выслушал Самуил все слова народа, и пересказал их вслух Господа.

22 И сказал Господь Самуилу: послушай голоса их и поставь им царя. И сказал Самуил Израильтянам: пойдите каждый в свойгород.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.

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Leviticus 10

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1 Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, each took his censer, and put fire in it, and laid incense on it, and offered strange fire before Yahweh, which he had not commanded them.

2 And fire came forth from before Yahweh, and devoured them, and they died before Yahweh.

3 Then Moses said to Aaron, "This is what Yahweh spoke of, saying, 'I will show myself holy to those who come near me, and before all the people I will be glorified.'" Aaron held his peace.

4 Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them, "Draw near, carry your brothers from before the sanctuary out of the camp."

5 So they drew near, and carried them in their coats out of the camp, as Moses had said.

6 Moses said to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar, his sons, "Don't let the hair of your heads go loose, neither tear your clothes; that you don't die, and that he not be angry with all the congregation: but let your brothers, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which Yahweh has kindled.

7 You shall not go out from the door of the Tent of Meeting, lest you die; for the anointing oil of Yahweh is on you." They did according to the word of Moses.

8 Yahweh spoke to Aaron, saying,

9 "Drink no wine nor strong drink, you, nor your sons with you, when you go into the Tent of Meeting, that you don't die: it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations:

10 and that you are to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean;

11 and that you are to teach the children of Israel all the statutes which Yahweh has spoken to them by Moses."

12 Moses spoke to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar, his sons who were left, "Take the meal offering that remains of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, and eat it without yeast beside the altar; for it is most holy;

13 and you shall eat it in a holy place, because it is your portion, and your sons' portion, of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire: for so I am commanded.

14 The waved breast and the heaved thigh you shall eat in a clean place, you, and your sons, and your daughters with you: for they are given as your portion, and your sons' portion, out of the sacrifices of the peace offerings of the children of Israel.

15 The heaved thigh and the waved breast they shall bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before Yahweh: and it shall be yours, and your sons' with you, as a portion forever; as Yahweh has commanded."

16 Moses diligently inquired about the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burned: and he was angry with Eleazar and with Ithamar, the sons of Aaron who were left, saying,

17 "Why haven't you eaten the sin offering in the place of the sanctuary, since it is most holy, and he has given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before Yahweh?

18 Behold, its blood was not brought into the inner part of the sanctuary: you certainly should have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded."

19 Aaron spoke to Moses, "Behold, this day they have offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before Yahweh; and such things as these have happened to me: and if I had eaten the sin offering today, would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh?"

20 When Moses heard that, it was pleasing in his sight.