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Второзаконие 19

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1 Когда Господь, Богъ твой, истребитъ народы, коихъ землю даетъ тебј Господь, Богъ твой, и ты вступишь въ наслјдіе послј нихъ, и поселишься въ городахъ ихъ и домахъ ихъ:

2 тогда отдјли себј три города среди земли твоей, которую Господь, Богъ твой, даетъ тебј въ наслјдіе.

3 Устрой себј дорогу и раздјли на три части всю землю твою, которую Господь, Богъ твой, даетъ тебј въ удјлъ; они будутъ служить убјжищемъ всякому убійцј.

4 И вотъ какой убійца можетъ убјгать туда, и остаться живъ: кто убьетъ ближняго своего безъ намјренія, не бывъ врагомъ ему вчера и третьяго дня.

5 Напримјръ, если кто пойдетъ съ ближнимъ своимъ въ лјсъ рубить дрова, и размахнется рука его съ топоромъ, чтобъ срубить дерево, и соскочитъ желјзо съ топорища, и попадетъ въ ближняго и онъ умретъ: таковый пусть убјжитъ въ одинъ изъ городовъ тјхъ и будетъ живъ,

6 дабы мстящій за кровь, въ горячности сердца своего, не погнался за убійцею и не настигъ его, если далекъ будетъ путь, и не убилъ его, между тјмъ какъ не подлежитъ осужденію на смерть, ибо не былъ врагомъ ему вчера и третьяго дня.

7 Посему Я и далъ тебј повелјніе, говоря: отдјли себј три города.

8 Когда же Господь, Богъ твой, распространитъ предјлы твои, какъ Онъ клялся отцамъ твоимъ, и дастъ тебј всю землю, которую Онъ објщалъ дать отцамъ твоимъ,

9 если ты будешь стараться исполнять всј сіи заповјди, которыя я заповјдаю тебј сегодня, любить Господа, Бога твоего, и ходить путями Его во всј дни: тогда къ симъ тремъ городамъ прибавь еще три города;

10 дабы не проливалась кровь невиннаго среди земли твоей, которую Господь, Богъ твой, даетъ тебј въ удјлъ, и чтобы кровь не была на тебј.

11 Но если кто, бывъ врагомъ ближнему своему, и злоумышляя на него, возстанетъ на него и убьетъ его до смерти, и убјжитъ въ одинъ изъ городовъ тјхъ:

12 то старјйшины города его должны послать, чтобы взять его оттуда и передать его въ руки мстящаго за кровь, чтобы онъ умеръ.

13 Да не пощадитъ его око твое, смой съ Израиля кровь невиннаго, и будетъ тебј хорошо.

14 Не передвигай межи ближняго твоего, которую положили предки въ удјлј твоемъ, доставшемся тебј въ землј, которую Господь, Богъ твой, даетъ тебј въ наслјдіе.

15 Недостаточенъ одинъ свидјтель на кого-либо въ какой-нибудь винј, и въ какомъ-нибудь преступленіи и въ какомъ-нибудь грјхј, которымъ онъ согрјшилъ: при свидјтельствј двухъ свидјтелей или при свидјтельствј трехъ свидјтелей состоится всякое дјло.

16 Если выступитъ противъ кого свидјтель несправедливый, донося на него въ преступленіи:

17 то пусть предстанутъ оба сіи человјка, у которыхъ есть тяжба, предъ Господа, предъ священниковъ и предъ судей, которые будутъ въ тј дни.

18 Судіи должны хорошо изслјдовать, и если свидјтель тотъ естъ свидјтель ложный, ложь донесетъ на брата своего:

19 то сдјлайте ему то, что онъ умышлялъ сдјлать брату своему; и такимъ образомъ истреби зло изъ среды себя.

20 И прочіе услышатъ, и убоятся, и не станутъ впредь дјлать такого зла среди тебя.

21 Да не щадитъ око твое: душа за душу, глазъ за глазъ, зубъ за зубъ, рука за руку, нога за ногу.

   

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Swear

  

In Genesis 21:23, this signifies affirmation.

The Lord swearing by himself signifies that divine truth testifies, for He is divine truth itself, and this testifies from itself and means itself. It says 'Jehovah swears' because the children of Israel had a representative church, and so the Lord's conjunction with the church was represented in a covenant similar to two people swearing their trust. This is why swearing was used to seal a covenant or deal. When 'Jehovah swears' it does not mean that He really did swear, but that divine truth testifies or bears testimony to the things asserted.

(Odkazy: Apocalypse Revealed 474)

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Apocalypse Revealed # 474

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474. Then the angel whom I saw standing on the sea and on the land lifted up his hand to heaven and swore by Him who lives forever and ever. (10:6; 10:6) This symbolizes an attestation and testification of the Lord on His own authority.

The angel standing on the sea and on the land means the Lord (no. 470). Lifting up the hand to heaven symbolizes an attestation, here that there should be no more time (verse 6). Swearing symbolizes a testification, here that in the days of the sounding of the seventh angel the mystery of God would be concluded (verse 7). He who lives forever and ever means the Lord, as in Revelation 1:18; 4:9-10, and 5:14 above, and in Daniel 4:34. That the Lord swears on His own authority will be seen shortly.

It is apparent from this that the statement, "Then the angel whom I saw standing on the sea and on the land lifted up his hand to heaven and swore by Him who lives forever and ever," symbolizes an attestation and testification of the Lord on His own authority.

[2] That Jehovah swears or testifies on His own authority is clear from the following passages:

I have sworn by Myself; a word has gone out of My mouth (which) shall not return... (Isaiah 45:23)

I swear by Myself... that this house shall become a desolation. (Jeremiah 22:5)

Jehovah... has sworn by His soul. (Jeremiah 51:14, Amos 6:8)

...Jehovah has sworn by His holiness. (Amos 4:2)

Jehovah has sworn by His right hand and by the arm of His strength. (Isaiah 62:8)

Behold, I have sworn by My great name... (Jeremiah 44:26)

That Jehovah, which is to say, the Lord, swore by Himself or on His own authority means, symbolically, that Divine truth attests; for the Lord is Divine truth itself, and this attests of itself and on its own authority.

In addition to these passages, that Jehovah swore may be seen in Isaiah 14:24; 54:9, Psalms 89:3, 35; 95:11; 110:4; 132:11.

We are told that Jehovah swore because the church established with the children of Israel was a representational church, and the conjunction of the Lord with the church was represented by a covenant, like one made between two parties who swear to their compact. Therefore, because an oath was a part of any covenant, we are told that Jehovah swore. Still, this does not mean that He swore, but that Divine truth attests to something.

[3] That an oath was a part of any covenant is apparent from the following:

I swore an oath to you and entered into a covenant with you, so that you became Mine... (Ezekiel 16:8)

...to remember His covenant, the oath which He swore... (Luke 1:72-73; cf. Psalms 105:9, Jeremiah 11:5; 32:22, Deuteronomy 1:34; 10:11; 11:9, 21; 26:3, 15; 31:20; 34:4)

Because the covenant was representative of the conjunction of the Lord with the church, and reciprocally of the church with the Lord, and because an oath was a part of any covenant and was to be sworn on the ground of the truth in it, being sworn thus also in appeal to that truth, therefore the children of Israel were permitted to swear by Jehovah, and so in appeal to Divine truth (Exodus 20:7, Leviticus 19:12, Deuteronomy 6:13; 10:20, Isaiah 48:1; 65:16, Jeremiah 4:2, Zechariah 5:4).

After the representative constituents of the church were abrogated, however, the Lord also abrogated oaths to covenants (Matthew 5:33-37; 23:16-22).

  
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Many thanks to the General Church of the New Jerusalem, and to Rev. N.B. Rogers, translator, for the permission to use this translation.