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Êxodo 16

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1 Depois partiram de Elim; e veio toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel ao deserto de Sim, que está entre Elim e Sinai, aos quinze dias do segundo mês depois que saíram da terra do Egito.

2 E toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel murmurou contra Moisés e contra Arão no deserto.

3 Pois os filhos de Israel lhes disseram: Quem nos dera que tivéssemos morrido pela mão do Senhor na terra do Egito, quando estávamos sentados junto às panelas de carne, quando comíamos pão até fartar! porque nos tendes tirado para este deserto, para matardes de fome a toda esta multidão.

4 Então disse o Senhor a Moisés: Eis que vos farei chover pão do céu; e sairá o povo e colherá diariamente a porção para cada dia, para que eu o prove se anda em minha lei ou não.

5 Mas ao sexto dia prepararão o que colherem; e será o dobro do que colhem cada dia.

6 Disseram, pois, Moisés e Arão a todos os filhos de Israel: tarde sabereis que o Senhor é quem vos tirou da terra do Egito,

7 e amanhã vereis a glória do Senhor, porquanto ele ouviu as vossas murmurações contra o Senhor; e quem somos nós, para que murmureis contra nós?

8 Disse mais Moisés: Isso será quando o Senhor à tarde vos der carne para comer, e pela manhã pão a fartar, porquanto o Senhor ouve as vossas murmurações, com que murmurais contra ele; e quem somos nós? As vossas murmurações não são contra nós, mas sim contra o Senhor.

9 Depois disse Moisés a Arão: Dize a toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel: Chegai-vos à presença do Senhor, porque ele ouviu as vossas murmurações.

10 E quando Arão falou a toda a congregação dos filhos de Israel, estes olharam para o deserto, e eis que a glória do Senhor, apareceu na nuvem.

11 Então o Senhor falou a Moisés, dizendo:

12 Tenho ouvido as murmurações dos filhos de Israel; dize-lhes: ë tardinha comereis carne, e pela manhã vos fartareis de pão; e sabereis que eu sou o Senhor vosso Deus.

13 E aconteceu que à tarde subiram codornizes, e cobriram o arraial; e pela manhã havia uma camada de orvalho ao redor do arraial.

14 Quando desapareceu a camada de orvalho, eis que sobre a superfície do deserto estava uma coisa miúda, semelhante a escamas, coisa miúda como a geada sobre a terra.

15 E, vendo-a os filhos de Israel, disseram uns aos outros: Que é isto? porque não sabiam o que era. Então lhes disse Moisés: Este é o pão que o Senhor vos deu para comer.

16 Isto é o que o Senhor ordenou: Colhei dele cada um conforme o que pode comer; um gômer para cada cabeça, segundo o número de pessoas; cada um tomará para os que se acharem na sua tenda.

17 Assim o fizeram os filhos de Israel; e colheram uns mais e outros menos.

18 Quando, porém, o mediam com o gômer, nada sobejava ao que colhera muito, nem faltava ao que colhera pouco; colhia cada um tanto quanto podia comer.

19 Também disse-lhes Moisés: Ninguém deixe dele para amanhã.

20 Eles, porém, não deram ouvidos a Moisés, antes alguns dentre eles deixaram dele para o dia seguinte; e criou bichos, e cheirava mal; por isso indignou-se Moisés contra eles.

21 Colhiam-no, pois, pela manhã, cada um conforme o que podia comer; porque, vindo o calor do sol, se derretia.

22 Mas ao sexto dia colheram pão em dobro, dois gômeres para cada um; pelo que todos os principais da congregação vieram, e contaram-no a Moisés.

23 E ele lhes disse: Isto é o que o Senhor tem dito: Amanhã é repouso, sábado santo ao Senhor; o que quiserdes assar ao forno, assai-o, e o que quiserdes cozer em água, cozei-o em água; e tudo o que sobejar, ponde-o de lado para vós, guardando-o para amanhã.

24 Guardaram-no, pois, até o dia seguinte, como Moisés tinha ordenado; e não cheirou mal, nem houve nele bicho algum.

25 Então disse Moisés: Comei-o hoje, porquanto hoje é o sábado do Senhor; hoje não o achareis no campo.

26 Seis dias o colhereis, mas o sétimo dia é o sábado; nele não haverá.

27 Mas aconteceu ao sétimo dia que saíram alguns do povo para o colher, e não o acharam.

28 Então disse o Senhor a Moisés: Até quando recusareis guardar os meus mandamentos e as minhas leis?

29 Vede, visto que o Senhor vos deu o sábado, por isso ele no sexto dia vos pão para dois dias; fique cada um no seu lugar, não saia ninguém do seu lugar no sétimo dia.

30 Assim repousou o povo no sétimo dia.

31 A casa de Israel deu-lhe o nome de maná. Era como semente de coentro; era branco, e tinha o sabor de bolos de mel.

32 E disse Moisés: Isto é o que o Senhor ordenou: Dele enchereis um gômer, o qual se guardará para as vossas gerações, para que elas vejam o pão que vos dei a comer no deserto, quando eu vos tirei da terra do Egito.

33 Disse também Moisés a Arão: Toma um vaso, mete nele um gômer cheio de maná e põe-no diante do Senhor, a fim de que seja guardado para as vossas gerações.

34 Como o Senhor tinha ordenado a Moisés, assim Arão o pôs diante do testemunho, para ser guardado.

35 Ora, os filhos de Israel comeram o maná quarenta anos, até que chegaram a uma terra habitada; comeram o maná até que chegaram aos termos da terra de Canaã.

36 Um gômer é a décima parte de uma efa.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8409

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8409. As regards 'flesh' and its meaning the proprium in both the genuine and contrary senses, in the highest sense it is the Lord's Divine proprium, which is His Divine Human, and so is the good of His love towards the entire human race. From this in the sense that relates to man 'flesh' means a proprium made alive by the Lord's Proprium; that is, it is the Lord's Proprium present with the person, and so is the good of love to Him. Regarding the meaning of 'flesh' in this sense, see 3813, 7850. But in the contrary sense 'flesh' is the proprium that is man's own, thus the evil of self-love, and consequently the desires of that love, which are cravings, 999, 3813. The proprium that is man's own is nothing but evil, see 210, 215, 694, 874-876, 987, 1023, 1044, 1047, 3812 (end), 5660, 5786. The fact that 'flesh' means the proprium that is man's own, thus evil of every kind, is in addition clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

I will feed your oppressors with their flesh, and they will be drunk with their blood as with new wine. Isaiah 49:26.

'Feeding with flesh' stands for filling with their own evil.

[2] In Jeremiah,

Cursed is the man (vir) who trusts in man (homo), and makes flesh his arm, but his heart departs from Jehovah. Jeremiah 17:5.

'Making flesh his arm' stands for trusting in power that is one's own; therefore eating the flesh of one's arm stands for trusting in self, Isaiah 9:20. In Isaiah,

Egypt is man (homo) and not God, and his horses are flesh and not spirit. Isaiah 31:3.

'Horses of Egypt' stands for factual knowledge belonging to a perverted understanding, 6125; 'flesh' stands for what is dead, and 'spirit' for what is living. This is why the Egyptians 1 are called great in flesh, Ezekiel 16:26. The expression 'what is dead' is applied to evil, since evil leads to spiritual death, and 'what is living' is applied to good, since good leads to spiritual life.

[3] This explains why 'flesh' and 'spirit' are set in contrast to each other in the Word, as in John,

That which has been born of flesh is flesh, and that which has been born from the spirit is spirit. John 3:6.

In the same gospel,

It is the Spirit who bestows life, the flesh does not profit anything. The words which I speak to you, they are spirit and they are life. John 6:63.

In the Book of Genesis,

Jehovah said, My spirit will not reprove man forever, in that he is flesh. Genesis 6:3.

'Flesh' here stands for the proprium that is man's own. Similarly in Matthew,

Jesus said, Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this, but My Father who is in heaven. Matthew 16:17.

And in John,

As many as received Him, to them He gave power to be sons of God, to those believing in His name, who were born, not of blood, 2 nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man (vir), but of God. John 1:12-13.

'The will of the flesh' stands for the proprium, the will part, 'the will of man' for the proprium, the understanding part; and 'sons of God' stands for those who have been regenerated. And those undergoing regeneration all receive life from the Lord's Proprium, which is the Lord's Flesh and body and is Divine Goodness itself.

[4] Since 'flesh' in the contrary sense means the proprium that is man's own, and so means evil, it also means craving, for the life of the flesh, which belongs properly to the body, consists of nothing else than the desires of the senses, the delights of the bodily appetites, and cravings. The fact that 'flesh' means craving is clear from the following verses in Moses,

The rabble who were in the midst of the people had a strong craving, and so the children of Israel wept repeatedly and said, Who will feed us with flesh? But now our soul is dry; there is nothing at all except the man[na] for our eyes [to look] at. And Jehovah said to Moses, You shall say to the people, Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, in order that you may eat flesh; for you have wept in the ears of Jehovah, saying, Who will feed us with flesh, for it was better for us in Egypt? Jehovah will give you flesh to eat - for a whole month, 3 until it comes out of your nose and is loathsome to you. The flesh was still between their teeth, before it could be swallowed when Jehovah's anger flared up against the people, and Jehovah struck the people with an extremely great plague. So he called the name of that place The Craves of Craving, because there they buried the people having the craving. Numbers 11:4, 6, 16, 18, 20, 33-34.

From all this one may now see what 'sitting by a pot of flesh in the land of Egypt' means, namely a life according to their own pleasure and such as they craved for, which is the life of the proprium.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, the children (or sons) of Egypt

2. literally, bloods

3. literally, month of days

  
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Arcana Coelestia # 6125

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6125. 'In exchange for horses' means factual knowledge supplied from the understanding. This is clear from the meaning of 'horses' as ideas forming the understanding, dealt with in 2760-2762, 3217, 5321; and since they are spoken of in connection with Egypt, which means factual knowledge, 'horses' here are factual knowledge supplied from the understanding. But what factual knowledge supplied from the understanding is must be stated. There is an understanding part and there is a will part in the human mind, and these are situated not only in his internal man but also in his external. The human understanding is developing and growing from early childhood through to manhood, and it consists in a discernment of things gained from experience and formal knowledge, also a discernment of causes from effects as well as of consequences from a chain of causes. Thus the understanding part consists in a comprehension and perception of such things as are part of everyday life, public and private. An inflowing of light from heaven brings it into existence, and for that reason everyone's understanding is capable of being made more perfect. Understanding is given to everyone in accordance with his effort to make use of what he knows, in accordance with the life he leads, and in accordance with his individual character; no one lacks it provided he is of sound mind. A person is given it to the end that he may have freedom of choice, that is, have the freedom to choose good or evil. Unless he possesses an understanding like the one just described, he has no power of his own to make that choice; thus nothing could possibly be made his own.

[2] In addition to this it should be recognized that the understanding part of a person's mind is that which receives what is spiritual, so that it is the recipient of spiritual truth and good. For no good at all, that is, no charity, nor any truth at all, that is, any faith, can be instilled into anyone if he does not have that understanding part; but they are instilled in the measure that he does have it. This also explains why a person is not regenerated by the Lord until adult life when he does possess an understanding. Till then the good of love and the truth of faith fall like seed into utterly infertile soil. But once a person has been regenerated his understanding serves the function of enabling him to see and perceive what good is and from this what truth is. For the understanding converts things belonging to the superior light of heaven into those belonging to the inferior light of the natural world, as a consequence of which the former are then seen within the latter in the same way as a person's inner affections are seen in his face when it lacks all pretence. And because the understanding serves that function, many places in the Word where the spiritual side of the Church is referred to refer also to its power of understanding, a matter which will in the Lord's Divine mercy be dealt with elsewhere.

[3] From all this one may now see what is meant by factual knowledge supplied from the understanding, namely known facts which lend support to the things a person grasps and perceives with his understanding, whether those things are bad or good. Such facts are what are meant in the Word by 'horses from Egypt', as in Isaiah,

Woe to those who go down into Egypt for help, and rely on horses and trust in chariots because they are many, and on horsemen because they are extremely strong, but do not look to the Holy One of Israel and do not seek Jehovah. For Egypt is man (homo), not God; and his horses are flesh, not spirit. Isaiah 31:1, 3.

'Horses from Egypt' stands for factual knowledge supplied from a perverted understanding.

[4] In Ezekiel,

He rebelled against him by sending his ambassadors to Egypt, that ha might give him horses and many people. Will he prosper? Will he who does this be rescued? Ezekiel 17:15.

'Horses from Egypt' again stands for factual knowledge supplied from a perverted understanding, which knowledge is resorted to in matters of faith, though there is no belief in the Word, that is, in the Lord, apart from what that knowledge provides. Thus no belief ever comes to exist, for within a perverted understanding a negative attitude reigns.

[5] The destruction which such factual knowledge underwent is represented by the drowning of Pharaoh's horses and chariots in the Sea Suph; and since that knowledge is meant by 'horses' and false matters of doctrine by 'chariots', his horses and chariots are mentioned so many times in the description of that event, see Exodus 14:17-18, 27, 26, 28. And the Song of Moses and Miriam consequently contains these words,

Pharaoh's horse went, also his chariot, also his horsemen, into the sea; but Jehovah made the waters of the sea come back over them. Sing to Jehovah, for He has highly exalted Himself; He has thrown the horse and its rider into the sea. Exodus 15:19, 21.

[6] Similar factual knowledge is also meant by the things required before-hand for a king over Israel, in Moses,

If they desire a king, from among their brothers shall a king be set over them. Only let him not multiply horses for himself nor lead the people back into Egypt in order to multiply horses. Deuteronomy 17:15-16.

'A king' represented the Lord as regards Divine Truth, 1672, 1728, 2015, 2069, 3009, 3670, 4575, 4581, 4789, 4966, 5044, 5068, thus as regards intelligence since this comes, when it is genuine, from Divine Truth. The need for intelligence to be acquired through the Word, which is Divine Truth, and not through factual knowledge taken from one's own understanding is meant by the injunction that the king should not multiply horses or lead the people back into Egypt in order to multiply horses.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.