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1 Samuels 8

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1 Da Samuel blev gammel, satte han sine sønner til dommere over Israel.

2 Hans førstefødte sønn hette Joel og hans annen sønn Abia; de dømte i Be'erseba.

3 Men hans sønner vandret ikke på hans veier, men søkte bare egen vinning og tok imot gaver og bøide retten.

4 Da samlet alle Israels eldste sig og kom til Samuel i ama.

5 Og de sa til ham: Nu er du blitt gammel, og dine sønner vandrer ikke på dine veier; så sett nu en konge over oss til å dømme oss, som alle folkene har!

6 Men det ord gjorde Samuel ondt, da de sa: Gi oss en konge til å dømme oss! Og Samuel bad til Herren.

7 Da sa Herren til Samuel: Lyd folket i alt hvad de sier til dig! For det er ikke dig de har forkastet, men det er mig de har forkastet, så jeg ikke skal være konge over dem.

8 Som de alltid har gjort fra den dag jeg førte dem op fra Egypten, til den dag idag, idet de forlot mig og tjente andre guder, således gjør de nu også mot dig.

9 Men lyd nu deres ord! Du må bare alvorlig vidne for dem og foreholde dem hvorledes han vil bære sig at den konge som kommer til å råde over dem.

10 sa Samuel alle Herrens ord til folket som krevde en konge av ham.

11 Han sa: Således vil han bære sig at den konge som kommer til å råde over eder: Eders sønner vil han ta og sette dem til å stelle med sin vogn og sine hester, og de skal løpe foran hans vogn,

12 Og han vil sette dem til høvdinger over tusen og høvdinger over femti og til å pløie hans akrer og høste hans avling og til å gjøre hans krigsredskaper og hans kjøretøi.

13 Eders døtre vil han ta og sette til å lage salver og til å koke og bake for ham.

14 Eders beste jorder og vingårder og oljehaver vil han ta og gi sine tjenere.

15 Og av eders akrer og eders vingårder vil han ta tiende og gi sine hoffmenn og sine tjenere.

16 Eders træler og eders trælkvinner og eders beste unge menn og eders asener vil han ta og bruke til sitt arbeid.

17 Av eders småfe vil han ta tiende, og I selv skal være hans træler.

18 Da skal I en dag rope til Herren for den konges skyld som I har kåret eder; men den dag skal Herren ikke svare eder.

19 Men folket vilde ikke høreSamuel, de sa: Nei, vi vil ha en konge over oss.

20 Vi vil være som alle de andre folk; vår konge skal dømme oss, og han skal dra ut foran oss og føre våre kriger.

21 Da Samuel hadde hørt alle folkets ord, bar han dem frem for Herren.

22 Og Herren sa til Samuel: Lyd deres ord og sett en konge over dem! Så sa Samuel til Israels menn: Gå hjem hver til sin by!

   

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.

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Arcana Coelestia # 1672

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1672. 'And the kings who were with him' means the apparent truth that goes with that good. This is clear from the meaning of 'kings' in the Word. Kings, kingdoms, and peoples in the historical and prophetical sections of the Word mean truths and the things that belong to truths, as may be confirmed from many places. In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual, and this was the reason why this was ascribed to them as a fault in 1 Samuel 8:7-end. This, in the Lord's Divine mercy, will be explained elsewhere. In the present verse, since 'Chedorlaomer' is referred to, and then the phrase 'the kings who were with him' is added, both good and truth are meant - good by 'Chedorlaomer' and truth by 'the kings'. But what kind of good and truth it was when the Lord's temptations first began has been stated above.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.