Bible

 

Genesis 37

Studie

   

1 καταοικεω-V2I-IAI3S δε-X *ιακωβ-N---NSM εν-P ο- A--DSF γη-N1--DSF ου-D παραοικεω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--NSM πατηρ-N3--NSM αυτος- D--GSM εν-P γη-N1--DSF *χανααν-N----S

2 ουτος- D--NPF δε-X ο- A--NPF γενεσις-N3I-NPF *ιακωβ-N---GSM *ιωσηφ-N---NSM δεκα-M επτα-M ετος-N3E-GPN ειμι-V9--IAI3S ποιμαινω-V1--PAPNSM μετα-P ο- A--GPM αδελφος-N2--GPM αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--APN προβατον-N2N-APN ειμι-V9--PAPNSM νεος-A1A-NSM μετα-P ο- A--GPM υιος-N2--GPM *βαλλα-N---GSF και-C μετα-P ο- A--GPM υιος-N2--GPM *ζελφα-N---GSF ο- A--GPM γυνη-N3K-GPF ο- A--GSM πατηρ-N3--GSM αυτος- D--GSM καταφερω-VAI-AAI3S δε-X *ιωσηφ-N---NSM ψογος-N2--ASM πονηρος-A1A-ASM προς-P *ισραηλ-N---ASM ο- A--ASM πατηρ-N3--ASM αυτος- D--GPM

3 *ιακωβ-N---NSM δε-X αγαπαω-V3I-IAI3S ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM παρα-P πας-A3--APM ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM οτι-C υιος-N2--NSM γηρας-N3--GSN ειμι-V9--IAI3S αυτος- D--DSM ποιεω-VAI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--DSM χιτων-N3W-ASM ποικιλος-A1--ASM

4 οραω-VB--AAPNPM δε-X ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM αυτος- D--GSM οτι-C αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--NSM πατηρ-N3--NSM φιλεω-V2--PAI3S εκ-P πας-A3--GPM ο- A--GPM υιος-N2--GPM αυτος- D--GSM μισεω-VAI-AAI3P αυτος- D--ASM και-C ου-D δυναμαι-V6I-IMI3P λαλεω-V2--PAN αυτος- D--DSM ουδεις-A3--ASN ειρηνικος-A1--ASN

5 ενυπνιαζω-VS--APPNSM δε-X *ιωσηφ-N---NSM ενυπνιον-N2N-ASN αποαγγελλω-VAI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASN ο- A--DPM αδελφος-N2--DPM αυτος- D--GSM

6 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S αυτος- D--DPM ακουω-VA--AAD2P ο- A--GSN ενυπνιον-N2N-GSN ουτος- D--GSN ος- --GSN ενυπνιαζω-VSI-API1S

7 οιομαι-V1I-IMI1S εγω- P--AP δεσμευω-V1--PAN δραγμα-N3M-APN εν-P μεσος-A1--DSN ο- A--DSN πεδιον-N2N-DSN και-C αναιστημι-VHI-AAI3S ο- A--NSN εμος-A1--NSM δραγμα-N3M-NSN και-C ορθοω-VCI-API3S περιστρεφω-VD--APPNPN δε-X ο- A--NPN δραγμα-N3M-NPN συ- P--GP προςκυνεω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASN εμος-A1--ASN δραγμα-N3M-ASN

8 ειπον-VAI-AAI3P δε-X αυτος- D--DSM ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM μη-D βασιλευω-V1--PAPNSM βασιλευω-VF--FAI2S επι-P εγω- P--AP η-C κυριευω-V1--PAPNSM κυριευω-VF--FAI2S εγω- P--GP και-C προςτιθημι-VEI-AMI3P ετι-D μισεω-V2--PAN αυτος- D--ASM ενεκεν-P ο- A--GPN ενυπνιον-N2N-GPN αυτος- D--GSM και-C ενεκεν-P ο- A--GPN ρημα-N3M-GPN αυτος- D--GSM

9 οραω-VBI-AAI3S δε-X ενυπνιον-N2N-ASN ετερος-A1A-ASN και-C διαηγεομαι-VAI-AMI3S αυτος- D--ASN ο- A--DSM πατηρ-N3--DSM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ο- A--DPM αδελφος-N2--DPM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S ιδου-I ενυπνιαζω-V1A-AMI1S ενυπνιον-N2N-ASN ετερος-A1A-ASN ωσπερ-D ο- A--NSM ηλιος-N2--NSM και-C ο- A--NSF σεληνη-N1--NSF και-C ενδεκα-M αστηρ-N3--NPM προςκυνεω-V2I-IAI3P εγω- P--AS

10 και-C επιτιμαω-VAI-AAI3S αυτος- D--DSM ο- A--NSM πατηρ-N3--NSM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S αυτος- D--DSM τις- I--NSN ο- A--NSN ενυπνιον-N2N-NSN ουτος- D--NSN ος- --ASN ενυπνιαζω-VSI-API2S αρα-X γε-X ερχομαι-VB--AAPNPM ερχομαι-VF--FMI1P εγω- P--NS τε-X και-C ο- A--NSF μητηρ-N3--NSF συ- P--GS και-C ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM συ- P--GS προςκυνεω-VA--AAN συ- P--DS επι-P ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF

11 ζηλοω-VAI-AAI3P δε-X αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM αυτος- D--GSM ο- A--NSM δε-X πατηρ-N3--NSM αυτος- D--GSM διατηρεω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASN ρημα-N3M-ASN

12 πορευομαι-VCI-API3P δε-X ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM αυτος- D--GSM βοσκω-V1--PAN ο- A--APN προβατον-N2N-APN ο- A--GSM πατηρ-N3--GSM αυτος- D--GPM εις-P *συχεμ-N---AS

13 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S *ισραηλ-N---NSM προς-P *ιωσηφ-N---ASM ου-D ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM συ- P--GS ποιμαινω-V1--PAI3P εν-P *συχεμ-N---DS δευρο-D αποστελλω-VA--AAS1S συ- P--AS προς-P αυτος- D--APM ειπον-VBI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--DSM ιδου-I εγω- P--NS

14 ειπον-VBI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--DSM *ισραηλ-N---NSM πορευομαι-VC--APPNSM οραω-VB--AAD2S ει-C υγιαινω-V1--PAI3P ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM συ- P--GS και-C ο- A--NPN προβατον-N2N-NPN και-C ανααγγελλω-VA--AAD2S εγω- P--DS και-C αποστελλω-VAI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM εκ-P ο- A--GSF κοιλας-N3D-GSF ο- A--GSF *χεβρων-N---GSF και-C ερχομαι-VBI-AAI3S εις-P *συχεμ-N---AS

15 και-C ευρισκω-VB--AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM ανθρωπος-N2--NSM πλαναω-V3--PMPASM εν-P ο- A--DSN πεδιον-N2N-DSN ερωταω-VAI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--NSM ανθρωπος-N2--NSM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM τις- I--ASN ζητεω-V2--PAI2S

16 ο- A--NSM δε-X ειπον-VBI-AAI3S ο- A--APM αδελφος-N2--APM εγω- P--GS ζητεω-V2--PAI1S ανααγγελλω-VA--AAD2S εγω- P--DS που-D βοσκω-V1--PAI3P

17 ειπον-VBI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--DSM ο- A--NSM ανθρωπος-N2--NSM αποαιρω-VX--XAI3P εντευθεν-D ακουω-VAI-AAI1S γαρ-X αυτος- D--GPM λεγω-V1--PAPGPM πορευομαι-VC--APS1P εις-P *δωθαιμ-N---A και-C πορευομαι-VCI-API3S *ιωσηφ-N---NSM κατοπισθεν-D ο- A--GPM αδελφος-N2--GPM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ευρισκω-VB--AAI3S αυτος- D--APM εν-P *δωθαιμ-N---D

18 προοραω-VBI-AAI3P δε-X αυτος- D--ASM μακροθεν-D προ-P ο- A--GSN εγγιζω-VA--AAN αυτος- D--ASM προς-P αυτος- D--APM και-C πονηρευομαι-V1I-IMI3P ο- A--GSN αποκτεινω-VA--AAN αυτος- D--ASM

19 ειπον-VAI-AAI3P δε-X εκαστος-A1--NSM προς-P ο- A--ASM αδελφος-N2--ASM αυτος- D--GSM ιδου-I ο- A--NSM ενυπνιαστης-N1M-NSM εκεινος- D--NSM ερχομαι-V1--PMI3S

20 νυν-D ουν-X δευτε-D αποκτεινω-VA--AAS1P αυτος- D--ASM και-C ριπτω-VA--AAS1P αυτος- D--ASM εις-P εις-A3--ASM ο- A--GPM λακκος-N2--GPM και-C ειπον-VF2-FAI1P θηριον-N2N-NSN πονηρος-A1A-NSN καταεσθιω-VBI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM και-C οραω-VF--FMI1P τις- I--NSN ειμι-VF--FMI3S ο- A--NPN ενυπνιον-N2N-NPN αυτος- D--GSM

21 ακουω-VA--AAPNSM δε-X *ρουβην-N---NSM εκαιρεω-VAI-AMI3S αυτος- D--ASM εκ-P ο- A--GPF χειρ-N3--GPF αυτος- D--GPM και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S ου-D πατασσω-VF--FAI1P αυτος- D--ASM εις-P ψυχη-N1--ASF

22 ειπον-VBI-AAI3S δε-X αυτος- D--DPM *ρουβην-N---NSM μη-D εκχεω-V2--PAS2P αιμα-N3M-ASN ενβαλλω-VB--AAD2P αυτος- D--ASM εις-P ο- A--ASM λακκος-N2--ASM ουτος- D--ASM ο- A--ASM εν-P ο- A--DSF ερημος-N2--DSF χειρ-N3--ASF δε-X μη-D επιφερω-VA--AAS2P αυτος- D--DSM οπως-C εκαιρεω-VB--AMS3S αυτος- D--ASM εκ-P ο- A--GPF χειρ-N3--GPF αυτος- D--GPM και-C αποδιδωμι-VO--AAS3S αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--DSM πατηρ-N3--DSM αυτος- D--GSM

23 γιγνομαι-VBI-AMI3S δε-X ηνικα-D ερχομαι-VBI-AAI3S *ιωσηφ-N---NSM προς-P ο- A--APM αδελφος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM εκδυω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM ο- A--ASM χιτων-N3W-ASM ο- A--ASM ποικιλος-A1--ASM ο- A--ASM περι-P αυτος- D--ASM

24 και-C λαμβανω-VB--AAPNPM αυτος- D--ASM ριπτω-VAI-AAI3P εις-P ο- A--ASM λακκος-N2--ASM ο- A--NSM δε-X λακκος-N2--NSM κενος-A1--NSM υδωρ-N3--ASN ου-D εχω-V1I-IAI3S

25 καταιζω-VAI-AAI3P δε-X εσθιω-VB--AAN αρτος-N2--ASM και-C αναβλεπω-VA--AAPNPM ο- A--DPM οφθαλμος-N2--DPM οραω-VBI-AAI3P και-C ιδου-I οδοιπορος-N2--NPM *ισμαηλιτης-N1M-NPM αρχω-V1I-IMI3P εκ-P *γαλααδ-N---GS και-C ο- A--NPF καμηλος-N2--NPF αυτος- D--GPM γεμω-V1I-IAI3P θυμιαμα-N3M-GPN και-C ρητινη-N1--GSF και-C στακτη-N1--GSF πορευομαι-V1I-IMI3P δε-X κατααγω-VB--AAN εις-P *αιγυπτος-N2--ASF

26 ειπον-VBI-AAI3S δε-X *ιουδας-N---NSM προς-P ο- A--APM αδελφος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM τις- I--NSN χρησιμος-A1--NSN εαν-C αποκτεινω-VA--AAS1P ο- A--ASM αδελφος-N2--ASM εγω- P--GP και-C κρυπτω-VA--AAS1P ο- A--ASN αιμα-N3M-ASN αυτος- D--GSM

27 δευτε-D αποδιδωμι-VF--FMI1P αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--DPM *ισμαηλιτης-N1M-DPM ουτος- D--DPM ο- A--NPF δε-X χειρ-N3--NPF εγω- P--GP μη-D ειμι-V9--PAD3P επι-P αυτος- D--ASM οτι-C αδελφος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP και-C σαρξ-N3K-NSF εγω- P--GP ειμι-V9--PAI3S ακουω-VAI-AAI3P δε-X ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM αυτος- D--GSM

28 και-C παραπορευομαι-V1I-IMI3P ο- A--NPM ανθρωπος-N2--NPM ο- A--NPM *μαδιηναιος-N2--NPM ο- A--NPM εμπορος-N2--NPM και-C εκειλκω-VAI-AAI3P και-C αναβιβαζω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM εκ-P ο- A--GSM λακκος-N2--GSM και-C αποδιδωμι-VOI-AMI3P ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM ο- A--DPM *ισμαηλιτης-N1M-DPM εικοσι-M χρυσους-A1C-GPM και-C κατααγω-VBI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM εις-P *αιγυπτος-N2--ASF

29 αναστρεφω-VAI-AAI3S δε-X *ρουβην-N---NSM επι-P ο- A--ASM λακκος-N2--ASM και-C ου-D οραω-V3--PAI3S ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM εν-P ο- A--DSM λακκος-N2--DSM και-C διαρηγνυμι-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--APN ιματιον-N2N-APN αυτος- D--GSM

30 και-C αναστρεφω-VAI-AAI3S προς-P ο- A--APM αδελφος-N2--APM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S ο- A--NSN παιδαριον-N2N-NSN ου-D ειμι-V9--PAI3S εγω- P--NS δε-X που-D πορευομαι-V1--PMI1S ετι-D

31 λαμβανω-VB--AAPNPM δε-X ο- A--ASM χιτων-N3W-ASM ο- A--GSM *ιωσηφ-N---GSM σφαζω-VAI-AAI3P εριφος-N2--ASM αιξ-N3G-GPM και-C μολυνω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM χιτων-N3W-ASM ο- A--DSN αιμα-N3M-DSN

32 και-C αποστελλω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM χιτων-N3W-ASM ο- A--ASM ποικιλος-A1--ASM και-C ειςφερω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--DSM πατηρ-N3--DSM αυτος- D--GPM και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI3P ουτος- D--ASM ευρισκω-VB--AAI1P επιγιγνωσκω-VZ--AAD2S ει-C χιτων-N3W-NSM ο- A--GSM υιος-N2--GSM συ- P--GS ειμι-V9--PAI3S η-C ου-D

33 και-C επιγιγνωσκω-VZI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S χιτων-N3W-NSM ο- A--GSM υιος-N2--GSM εγω- P--GS ειμι-V9--PAI3S θηριον-N2N-NSN πονηρος-A1A-NSN καταεσθιω-VBI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM θηριον-N2N-NSN αρπαζω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM

34 διαρηγνυμι-VAI-AAI3S δε-X *ιακωβ-N---NSM ο- A--APN ιματιον-N2N-APN αυτος- D--GSM και-C επιτιθημι-VEI-AMI3S σακκος-N2--ASM επι-P ο- A--ASF οσφυς-N3U-ASF αυτος- D--GSM και-C πενθεω-V2I-IAI3S ο- A--ASM υιος-N2--ASM αυτος- D--GSM ημερα-N1A-APF πολυς-A1--APF

35 συναγω-VQI-API3P δε-X πας-A3--NPM ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM αυτος- D--GSM και-C ο- A--NPF θυγατηρ-N3--NPF και-C ερχομαι-VBI-AAI3P παρακαλεω-VA--AAN αυτος- D--ASM και-C ου-D θελω-V1I-IAI3S παρακαλεω-V2--PMN λεγω-V1--PAPNSM οτι-C καταβαινω-VF--FMI1S προς-P ο- A--ASM υιος-N2--ASM εγω- P--GS πενθεω-V2--PAPNSM εις-P αδης-N1M-GSM και-C κλαιω-VAI-AAI3S αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--NSM πατηρ-N3--NSM αυτος- D--GSM

36 ο- A--NPM δε-X *μαδιηναιος-N2--NPM αποδιδωμι-VOI-AMI3P ο- A--ASM *ιωσηφ-N---ASM εις-P *αιγυπτος-N2--ASF ο- A--DSM *πετεφρης-N---DSM ο- A--DSM σπαδων-N3--DSM *φαραω-N---GSM αρχιμαγειρος-N2--DSM

   

Komentář

 

Exploring the Meaning of Genesis 37

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Joe David

The stories in the Old Testament foreshadow future events -- not so much historical events, but changes in the spiritual states of humankind.

In the inner meaning, the story of Jacob, and his twelve sons, and Joseph and his dreams, deals with people's eventual rejection of the Divine truths that they would receive from the Lord in the Christian church, and their acceptance of falsities instead.

Specifically, this chapter is about the way that some theologians in the Christian church developed the idea of salvation by faith alone, when the Lord really wants us to conjoin faith and charity in our lives.

This seems like a stretch - that a story from 3500+ years ago could be foreshadowing modern theological arguments. And yet, human beings, as partly-spiritual creatures, are always players in a big, long spiritual story - and the Old Testament stories are archetypes for things we wrestle with in our own lives. For the details of this story's meaning, look at Arcana Coelestia 4665, and the following passages.

Here is an excerpt from Swedenborg's "Arcana Coelestia" that helps start explain the inner meaning of this chapter:

"The subject treated of in this chapter in the internal sense is the Divine truths which are from the Lord‘s Divine Human, that in course of time they have been rejected in the church, and that at last falsities have been received in their stead. Specifically, those are described who are in faith separate from charity, in that they are against the Lord’s Divine Human." AC 4665.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 4665

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 10837  
  

4665. Genesis 37

1. And Jacob dwelt in the land of his father's sojournings, in the land of Canaan.

2. These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, a son of seventeen years, was pasturing the flock with his brothers; and he, still a boy, was with the sons of Bilhah and the sons of Zilpah, his father's womenfolk; and Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father.

3. And Israel loved Joseph more than all his sons, for he was the son of his old age; and he made him a tunic of various colours.

4. And his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him, and could not speak peaceably to him.

5. And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it to his brothers; and they hated him all the more. 1

6. And he said to them, Hear now this dream which I have dreamed.

7. Behold, we were binding sheaves in the middle of the field, and behold, my sheaf arose and also stood up, and behold, your sheaves gathered round it and bowed down to my sheaf.

8. And his brothers said to him, Are you indeed going; to reign over us? Or are you indeed going to have dominion over us? And they hated him all the more 1 for his dreams and for his words.

9. And he dreamed yet another dream, and he recounted it to his brothers, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream again, and behold, the sun and the moon, and the eleven stars were bowing down to me.

10. And he recounted it to his father and to his brothers; and his father rebuked him and said to him, What is this dream that you have dreamed? Shall we indeed come - I and your mother, and your brothers - to bow down to you to the earth?

11. And his brothers envied him; and his father kept the matter 2 [in mind].

12. And his brothers went to pasture the flock of their father, in Shechem.

13. And Israel said to Joseph, Are not your brothers pasturing [the flock] in Shechem? Go, and I will send you to them. And he said to him, Behold, here I am.

14. And he said to him, Go now, see the peace of your brothers and the peace of the flock, 3 and bring back word to me. And he sent him out of the Valley of Hebron, and he came to Shechem.

15. And a man found him, and behold, he was wandering in the field and the man asked him, saying, What are you looking for?

16. And he said, I am looking for my brothers; tell me now, where they are pasturing [the flock].

17. And the man said, They have travelled on from here, for I heard them saying, Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brothers and found them in Dothan.

18. And they saw him from a distance; and before he drew near to them they plotted against him, to put him to death.

19. And they said, a man to his brother, Behold, that dreamer 4 is coming.

20. So now come, and let us kill him, and let us throw him into one of the pits, and let us say, An evil wild animal has devoured him, and we shall see what his dreams are going to be.

21. And Reuben heard it and rescued him out of their hands, and said Let us not strike him, [as to his] soul. 5

22. And Reuben said to them, Do not shed blood; throw him into this pit in the wilderness and do not lay a hand on him - so that he might therefore rescue him out of their hands, to return him to his father.

23. And it happened, when Joseph came to his brothers, that they stripped Joseph of his tunic, the tunic of various colours that was on him.

24. And they took him and threw him into the pit, and the pit was empty, there was no water in it.

25. And they sat down to eat bread; and they lifted up their eyes and saw, and behold, a caravan of Ishmaelites came from Gilead, and their camels bearing spices, and resin, and stacte, 6 taking them down to Egypt.

26. And Judah said to his brothers, What profit is there in our killing our brother and concealing his blood?

27. Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let not our hand be upon him, because he is our brother, our flesh. And his brothers hearkened.

28. And men passed by, Midianites, who were traders; and they drew Joseph out and caused him to come up out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. And they led Joseph to Egypt.

29. And Reuben resumed to the pit, and behold, there was no Joseph in the pit; and he rent his clothes.

30. And he resumed to his brothers and said, The lad is no more; and I, where do I go?

31. And they took Joseph's tunic and killed a he-goat of the she-goats, and dipped the tunic in the blood.

32. And they sent the tunic of various colours, and brought it to their father, and said, We have found this; recognize now whether this is your son's tunic or not.

33. And he recognized it, and said, My son's tunic! An evil wild animal has devoured him; Joseph has been torn to pieces.

34. And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth on his loins, and mourned over his son many days.

35. And all his sons rose up, and all his daughters, to comfort him; and he refused to comfort himself, and said, For I will go down to my son, to the grave mourning. And his father wept for him.

36. And the Midianites sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, Pharaoh's bedchamber-servant, the chief of the attendants.

CONTENTS

This chapter deals in the internal sense with the eventual rejection, within the Church, of Divine truths received from the Lord's Divine Human, and the acceptance at length of falsities instead. Specifically the chapter deals with the opposition to the Lord's Divine Human of those governed by faith separated from charity.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, they added more still to hating him

2. literally, word

3. A Hebrew idiom meaning See whether all is well with your brothers and with the flock.

4. literally, lord of dreams

5. i. e. Let us not kill him

6. spices, resin, and stacte are all aromatic substances.

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.