7854. Upon things bitter. That this signifies by means of the undelightful things of temptations, is evident from the signification of “bitter things” or “bitternesses” as being things undelightful, here those which belong to temptations. For the good of innocence, which is represented by the paschal lamb, cannot be appropriated to anyone except through temptations. By “unleavened bread” such good is signified, and because this is appropriated through temptations, the bread was ordered to be eaten upon bitter things; and moreover, that bread was to them bread of affliction, like the manna (Deuteronomy 8:15-16; 16:3), because it was devoid of leaven, that is, of any falsity from evil, for man cannot endure pure truth and pure good. That things undelightful are signified by “bitter things,” is plain in Isaiah:

Woe to them that call evil good, and good evil; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! (Isaiah 5:20).

They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it (Isaiah 24:9).

That the undelightful things of temptations are signified by “bitter things” is evident from these words in Exodus:

At last they came unto Marah, but they could not drink of the waters, on account of their bitterness, because they were bitter. And the people murmured against Moses, who, when he cried unto Jehovah, Jehovah showed him wood which he cast into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There He set for him a statute and a judgment, because there He tried him (Exodus 15:23-25).

And also in John:

There fell from heaven a great star, burning as a torch. The name of the star is called Wormwood, and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter (Revelation 8:10-11).

In these passages “bitter waters” denote the undelightful things of temptations; the “men who died of the waters” denote those who succumbed in temptations.