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Deuteronomy 21

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1 If one be found slain on the ground which Jehovah thy God gives to thee to possess it, fallen in the field, and it be not known who smote him,

2 then thine elders and thy judges shall come out, and they shall measure to the cities which are all around him who is·​·slain.

3 And it shall be, that the city near to the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not served, and which has not drawn in the yoke;

4 and the elders of that city shall bring·​·down the heifer to a rough gully, which is neither tilled nor sown, and shall chop·​·the·​·neck of the heifer there in the gully;

5 and the priests the sons of Levi shall approach; for them Jehovah thy God has chosen to minister to Him, and to bless in the name of Jehovah; and by their mouth shall every controversy and every plague be tried;

6 and all the elders of that city, that are near to the slain man, shall bathe their hands over the heifer that has its neck·​·chopped in the gully;

7 and they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it.

8 Make·​·atonement, O Jehovah, for Thy people Israel, whom Thou hast redeemed, and put not innocent blood in the midst of Thy people Israel. And the blood shall be atoned for them.

9 And thou shalt sweep·​·away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do what is upright in the eyes of Jehovah.

10 When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and Jehovah thy God has delivered them into thy hands, and thou hast taken them captive,

11 and seest among the captives a woman beautiful in form, and delight in her, and thou wouldest take her to thee for a wife;

12 then thou shalt bring her to the midst of thy house; and she shall shave her head, and clip* her nails;

13 and she shall remove the raiment of her captivity from on her, and shall dwell in thy house, and weep for her father and her mother a month of days; and afterwards thou shalt thus go·​·in to her, and be· her ·husband, and she shall be a wife to thee.

14 And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt send· her ·out according to her soul; but selling thou shalt· not ·sell her for silver, thou shalt not make·​·money off her, because thou hast afflicted her.

15 When a man has two wives, one loved, and one hated, and they have given·​·birth to sons for him, both the loved and the hated; and the firstborn son be hers that was hated;

16 then it shall be, in the day he makes his sons to inherit what is his, that he may not make·​·firstborn the son of the loved before the son of the hated, who is the firstborn.

17 For he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him two portions* of all that is·​·found for him; for he is the beginning of his vigor; the judgment of the firstborn is his.

18 If a man have a defiant and rebellious son, who will not hearken to the voice of his father, and to the voice of his mother, and they chasten him, and he will not hearken to them;

19 then his father and his mother shall lay·​·hold of him, and bring· him ·out to the elders of his city, and to the gate of his place;

20 and they shall say to the elders of his city, This our son is·​·defiant and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is·​·worthless and inebriated.

21 And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, and he shall die; and thou shalt sweep·​·away the evil from among thee; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

22 And if there is in a man a sin worthy of the judgment of death, and he be put·​·to·​·death, then thou shalt hang him on a tree;

23 his carcass shall not pass·​·the·​·night upon the tree, for burying thou shalt bury him in that day, for he that is hanged is vile to God, that thy ground be not defiled, which Jehovah thy God gives to thee for an inheritance.

   


Thanks to the Kempton Project for the permission to use this New Church translation of the Word.

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Arcana Coelestia # 5156

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5156. 'And will hang you on wood' means a casting aside and condemnation. This is clear from the meaning of 'being hanged on wood' as a casting aside and condemnation; for hanging someone on wood was a curse, and a curse is being cast aside from the Divine and consequently is condemnation. The fact that hanging someone on wood was a curse is clear in Moses,

If a man has committed a crime punishable by death and he has been slain, so that you hang him on wood, his dead body shall not remain all night on the wood, but you must bury him the same day, for the one hanged is the curse of God. For you shall not defile the land which Jehovah your God is giving you for an inheritance. Deuteronomy 21:22-23.

'It shall not remain all night on the wood' meant casting aside for ever. For in the evening a new day began; therefore if those who had been hanged were not cast away before the evening, the failure to cast evil aside and consequently the failure to rid the land of that evil were represented. The land was defiled; hence the addition of the words 'You shall not defile the land which Jehovah your God is giving you for an inheritance'. They were left hanging until evening, but no later, see Joshua 8:29; 10:16. Among the Jewish nation two chief forms of punishment existed, stoning and hanging. The existence of stoning was due to falsity, that of hanging on wood to evil, for the reason that 'stone' means truth, 643, 1298, 3720, and in the contrary sense falsity, while 'wood' means good, 2784, 2812, 3720, and in the contrary sense evil. This is why frequent reference is made in the prophetical part of the Word to 'committing adultery with stone and wood', meaning the perversion of truth, which is falsity, and the adulteration of good, which is evil.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 1298

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1298. 'They had brick for stone' means that they had falsity in place of truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'brick' as falsity, dealt with just above, and also from the meaning of 'stone' in the broad sense as truth, dealt with already in 643. The reason 'stones' meant truth was that the most ancient people used to mark out boundaries by means of stones and raise up stones to testify that something was so, that is, was the truth. This is clear from the stone which Jacob set up as a pillar, Genesis 28:22; 35:14; from the pillar of stones placed between Laban and Jacob, Genesis 31:46-47, 52; and from the altar which the children of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh erected beside the Jordan as an altar of witness, Joshua 22:10, 28, 34. Consequently 'stones' in the Word means truths, so much so that not only the stones of the altar but also the precious stones in the shoulder-pieces of Aaron's ephod and in the breastplate of judgement meant the holy truths of love.

[2] Regarding the altar, when sacrificial worship on altars was introduced, an altar in that case meant representative worship of the Lord in general. 'The stones' themselves however meant the holy truths belonging to that worship. This was why it was commanded that the altar had to be built of whole and not of hewn stones, and why it was forbidden to use any iron tool on them, Deuteronomy 27:5-7; Joshua 8:31. The reason was that hewn stones, and those on which an iron tool had been used, meant artificialities and thus fabrications in worship. That is to say, they meant things that derive from the proprium, or from the inventions of man's own thought and heart, which was to profane worship, as is clearly stated in Exodus 20:25. For the same reason no tool of iron was used on the stones of the Temple, 1 Kings 6:7.

[3] That the precious stones set in the shoulder-pieces of Aaron's ephod and in the breastplate of judgement in a similar way meant holy truths has been shown already in 114. This is clear also in Isaiah,

Behold, I will set your stones in carbuncle and lay your foundations in sapphires; and I will make your suns (windows) of ruby, and your gates into precious stones, and all your border into pleasant stones And all your sons will be taught by Jehovah, and great will be the peace of your sons. Isaiah 54:11-13

The stones mentioned here stand for holy truths, and this is why it is said that 'all your sons will be taught by Jehovah'. It is also the reason why it is said in John that the foundations of the wall of the city, holy Jerusalem, were adorned with every kind of precious stone, which are each mentioned by name, Revelation 21:19-20. 'The holy Jerusalem' stands for the Lord's kingdom in heaven and on earth, the foundations of which kingdom are holy truths. Holy truths were similarly meant by the tables of stone on which the commandments of the Law, or Ten Commandments, were written. This was why they were made of stone or had a stone base, concerning which see Exodus 24:12; 31:18; 34:1; Deuteronomy 5:22; 10:1; for the commandments themselves are nothing else than truths of faith.

[4] Now because stones in ancient times meant truths, and because later on when worship on pillars, on altars, and in the Temple began, pillars, altars, and the Temple meant holy truths, the Lord also is therefore called 'a Stone': In Moses,

The Mighty One of Jacob - from there is the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel. Genesis 49:24.

In Isaiah,

The Lord Jehovih said, I am laying in Zion for a foundation a Stone, a tested Corner-Stone, precious, of sure foundation. Isaiah 28:16.

In David,

The Stone which the builders rejected has become the head of the corner Psalms 118:22.

The same is meant in Daniel 2:34-35, 45, by the stone cut out of the rock which smashed Nebuchadnezzar's statue to pieces.

[5] That 'stones' means truths is clear in Isaiah,

By this the iniquity of Jacob will be expiated, and this will be the full fruit to remove his sin, when He makes all the stones of the altar like chalk-stones scattered about. Isaiah 27:9.

'The stones of the altar' stands for truths in worship that have been dissipated. In the same prophet,

Make level the way of the people; level out, level out the highway; gather out the stones. Isaiah 62:10.

'The way' and 'the stones' stand for truths. In Jeremiah,

I am against you, O destroying mountain. I will roll you down from the rocks and I will make you into a mountain of burning. And they will not take from you a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations. Jeremiah 51:25-26.

This refers to Babel. 'A mountain of burning' is self-love. 'Taking no stone from it' means that there is no truth from this source.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.