Bible

 

Levitico 22

Studie

   

1 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

2 "Di’ ad Aaronne e ai suoi figliuoli che si astengano dalle cose sante che mi son consacrate dai figliuoli d’Israele, e non profanino il mio santo nome. Io sono l’Eterno.

3 Di’ loro: Qualunque uomo della vostra stirpe che nelle vostre future generazioni, trovandosi in stato d’impurità, s’accosterà alle cose sante che i figliuoli d’Israele consacrano all’Eterno, sarà sterminato dal mio cospetto. Io sono l’Eterno.

4 Qualunque uomo della stirpe d’Aaronne che sia lebbroso o abbia la gonorrea, non mangerà delle cose sante, finché non sia puro. E così sarà di chi avrà toccato una persona impura per contatto con un morto, o avrà avuto una perdita di seme genitale,

5 o di chi avrà toccato un rettile che l’abbia reso impuro, o un uomo che gli abbia comunicato una impurità di qualsivoglia specie.

6 La persona che avrà avuto di tali contatti sarà impura fino alla sera, e non mangerà delle cose sante prima d’essersi lavato il corpo nell’acqua;

7 dopo il tramonto del sole sarà pura, e potrà poi mangiare delle cose sante, perché sono il suo pane.

8 Il sacerdote non mangerà carne di bestia morta da sé o sbranata, per non rendersi impuro. Io sono l’Eterno.

9 Osserveranno dunque ciò che ho comandato, onde non portino la pena del loro peccato, e muoiano per aver profanato le cose sante. Io sono l’Eterno che li santifico.

10 Nessun estraneo al sacerdozio mangerà delle cose sante: chi sta da un sacerdote o lavora da lui per un salario non mangerà delle cose sante.

11 Ma una persona che il sacerdote avrà comprata coi suoi danari, ne potrà mangiare; così pure colui che gli è nato in casa: questi potranno mangiare del pane di lui.

12 La figliuola di un sacerdote maritata a un estraneo non mangerà delle cose sante offerte per elevazione.

13 Ma se la figliuola del sacerdote è vedova, o ripudiata, senza figliuoli, e torna a stare da suo padre come quand’era giovine, potrà mangiare del pane del padre; ma nessun estraneo al sacerdozio ne mangerà.

14 E se uno mangia per sbaglio di una cosa santa, darà al sacerdote il valore della cosa santa aggiungendovi un quinto.

15 I sacerdoti non profaneranno dunque le cose sante dei figliuoli d’Israele, ch’essi offrono per elevazione all’Eterno,

16 e non faranno loro portare la pena del peccato di cui si renderebbero colpevoli, mangiando delle loro cose sante; poiché io sono l’Eterno che li santifico".

17 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

18 "Parla ad Aaronne, ai suoi figliuoli, a tutti i figliuoli d’Israele, e di’ loro: Chiunque sia della casa d’Israele o de’ forestieri in Israele che presenti in olocausto all’Eterno un’offerta per qualche voto o per qualche dono volontario, per essere gradito,

19 dovrà offrire un maschio, senza difetto, di fra i buoi, di fra le pecore o di fra le capre.

20 Non offrirete nulla che abbia qualche difetto, perché non sarebbe gradito.

21 Quand’uno offrirà all’Eterno un sacrifizio di azioni di grazie, di buoi o di pecore, sia per sciogliere un voto, sia come offerta volontaria, la vittima, perché sia gradita, dovrà esser perfetta: non dovrà aver difetti.

22 Non offrirete all’Eterno una vittima che sia cieca, o storpia, o mutilata, o che ubbia delle ulceri, o la rogna, o la scabbia; e non ne farete sull’altare un sacrifizio mediante il fuoco all’Eterno.

23 Potrai presentare come offerta volontaria un bue o una pecora che abbia un membro troppo lungo o troppo corto; ma, come offerta per qualche voto, non sarebbe gradito.

24 Non offrirete all’Eterno un animale che abbia i testicoli ammaccati o schiacciati o strappati o tagliati; e di queste operazioni non ne farete nel vostro paese.

25 Non accetterete dallo straniero alcuna di queste vittime per offrirla come pane del vostro Dio; siccome sono mutilate, difettose, non sarebbero gradite per il vostro bene".

26 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

27 "Quando sarà nato un vitello, o un agnello, o un capretto, starà sette giorni sotto la madre; dall’ottavo giorno in poi, sarà gradito come sacrifizio fatto mediante il fuoco all’Eterno.

28 Sia vacca, sia pecora, non la scannerete lo stesso giorno col suo parto.

29 Quando offrirete all’Eterno un sacrifizio di azioni di grazie, l’offrirete in modo da esser graditi.

30 La vittima sarà mangiata il giorno stesso; non ne lascerete nulla fino ai mattino. Io sono l’Eterno.

31 Osserverete dunque i miei comandamenti, e li metterete in pratica. Io sono l’Eterno.

32 Non profanerete il mio santo nome, ond’io sia santificato in mezzo ai figliuoli d’Israele. Io sono l’Eterno che vi santifico,

33 che vi ho tratto dal paese d’Egitto per esser vostro Dio. Io sono l’Eterno".

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine # 221

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 325  
  

221. Of Sacrifices.

"Burnt-offerings" and "sacrifices" signified all things of worship from the good of love, and from the truths of faith (n. 923, 6905, 8680, 8936, 10042). "Burnt-offerings" and "sacrifices" also signified Divine celestial things, which are the internal things of the church, from which worship is derived (n. 2180, 2805, 2807, 2830, 3519). With a variation and difference according to the varieties of worship (n. 2805, 6905, 8936). Therefore there were many kinds of sacrifices, and various processes to be observed in them, and various beasts from which they were (n. 2830, 9391, 9990). The various things which they signified in general, may appear from unfolding the particulars by the internal sense (n. 10042). What "the beasts" which were sacrificed signified in particular (n. 10042). Arcana of heaven are contained in the rituals and processes of the sacrifices (n. 10057). In general they contained the arcana of the glorification of the Lord's Human; and in a respective sense, the arcana of the regeneration and purification of man from evils and falsities; wherefore they were prescribed for various sins, crimes, and purifications (n. 9990, 10022, 10042, 10053, 10057). What is signified by "the imposition of hands" on the beasts which were sacrificed (n. 10023). What by "the inferior parts of the slain beasts being put under their superior parts" in the burnt-offerings (n. 10051). What by "the meal-offerings" that were offered at the same time (n. 10079). What by "the drink-offering" (n. 4581, 10137). What by "the salt" which was used (n. 10300). What by "the altar" and all the particulars of it (n. 921, 2777, 2784, 2811-2812, 4489, 4541, 8935, 8940, 9388-9389, 9714, 9726, 9963-9964, 10028, 10123, 10151, 10242, 10245, 10344). What by "the fire of the altar" (n. 934, 6314, 6832). What by "eating together of the things sacrificed" (n. 2187, 8682). Sacrifices were not commanded, but charity and faith, thus that they were only permitted, shown from the Word (n. 922, 2180). Why they were permitted (n. 2180, 2818).

The burnt-offerings and sacrifices, which consisted of lambs, she-goats, sheep, kids, he-goats, and bullocks, were in one word called "Bread," is evident from the following passages:

And the priest shall burn it upon the altar; it is the bread of the offering made by fire unto Jehovah (Lev. 3: 11, 16).

The sons of Aaron shall be holy unto their God, neither shall they profane the name of their God; for the offerings of Jehovah made by fire, the bread of their God, they do offer. Thou shalt sanctify him, for he offered the bread of thy God. A man of the seed of Aaron, in whom there shall be a blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God (Lev. 21: 68, 17, 21).

Command the sons of Israel, and say unto them, My offering, My bread, for My sacrifices made by fire for an odor of rest, ye shall observe, to offer unto Me in its stated time (Num. 28:2).

He who shall have touched an unclean thing shall not eat of the holy things, but he shall wash his flesh in water; and shall afterwards eat of the holy things, because it is his bread (Lev. 22:6, 7).

They who offer polluted bread upon My altar (Malachi 1:7).

Hence now, as has been said above (n. 214), the Holy Supper includes and comprehends all of the Divine worship instituted in the Israelitish Church; for the burnt-offerings and sacrifices in which the worship of that church principally consisted were called by the one word "bread." Hence, also, the Holy Supper is its fulfilling.

From what has been observed, it may now be seen what is meant by bread in John:

Jesus said to them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave them not that bread from heaven, but My Father giveth you the true bread from heaven, for the bread of God is He who came down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. They said unto Him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life; he that cometh to Me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst. He that believeth on Me hath eternal life. I am the bread of life. This is the bread which cometh down from heaven; that anyone may eat thereof, and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if anyone shall eat of this bread, he shall live forever (John 6: 31-35, 47-51).

From these passages, and from what has been said above, it appears that "bread" is all the good which proceeds from the Lord, for the Lord Himself is in His own good; and thus that "bread and wine" in the Holy Supper are all the worship of the Lord from the good of love and faith.

  
/ 325  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 2187

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 10837  
  

2187. 'And they ate' means communication in this manner. This becomes clear from the meaning of 'eating' as being communicated, and also being joined together, as is also evident from the Word. The injunction that Aaron, and his sons the Levites, and also the people were to eat the consecrated elements of the sacrifices in a holy place meant nothing other than the communication, conjunction, and making one's own, as stated above in 2177, at the point where Leviticus 6:16-17, is referred to. For it was celestial and spiritual food that was meant by the consecrated elements, and thus making that food their own by eating those elements. These consecrated elements were those parts of the sacrifices which were not burned on the altar but were eaten either by the priests or by the people who brought the offering, as becomes clear from very many places where the sacrifices are the subject. The consecrated elements that were to be eaten by the priests are referred to in Exodus 29:32-33; Leviticus 6:16, 26; 7:6, 15-16, 18; 8:31; 10:12-13; Numbers 18:9-11; and those to be eaten by the people, in Leviticus 19:5-6; Deuteronomy 12:27; 27:7; and elsewhere. And that those who were unclean were not to eat of them is referred to in Leviticus 7:19-21; 22:4-7. These ritual feasts took place in a holy place near the altar, either at the gate or in the court outside the tent. And they meant nothing else than the communication, conjunction, and making of celestial goods one's own, for those feasts represented celestial food. For what celestial food is, see 56-58, 680, 681, 1480, 1695. And all those consecrated elements were called 'bread', for the meaning of which see above in 2165. Something similar was represented by Aaron and his sons eating the loaves of the presence, or the shewbread, in a holy place, Leviticus 24:9.

[2] The reason for the law given to the Nazirite that during the days of his Naziriteship he was forbidden to eat anything that is produced from the grape - from which wine is made - from pips even to skin, Numbers 6:4, is that the Nazirite represented the celestial man, and the celestial man is such as is not willing even to mention spiritual things, see Volume One, in 202, 337, 880 (end), 1647. And because 'wine' and 'the grape', and also whatever came from the grape, meant that which is spiritual, the Nazirite was therefore forbidden to eat of them, that is, to have any communication with spiritual things, to join himself to them, or to make them his own.

[3] Something similar is meant by 'eating' in Isaiah,

Everyone who thirsts, come to the waters, and he who has no money, come, buy, and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Why do you spend money on that which is not bread, and your labour on that which does not satisfy? Hearken diligently to Me and eat what is good, and your soul will delight itself in fatness. Isaiah 55:1-2.

And also what is said in John,

To him who conquers I will grant to eat from the tree of life which is in the middle of the Paradise of God. Revelation 2:7.

'The tree of life' is the celestial itself, and in the highest sense it is the Lord Himself since He is the source of everything celestial, that is, of all love and charity. Thus 'eating from the tree of life' is the same as feeding on the Lord; and 'feeding on the Lord' is being endowed with love and charity, thus with those things that belong to heavenly life, as the Lord Himself declares in John,

I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this bread he will live for ever. He who feeds on Me will live through Me. John 6:51, 57. But they said, This is a hard saying. Jesus said however, The words that I speak to you, they are spirit and they are life. John 6:60, 63.

From this it is evident what is meant by 'eating' in the Holy Supper, Matthew 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-23; Luke 22:19-20 - having communication, being joined together, and making one's own.

[4] From this it is also plain what is meant by the Lord's statement that

Many will come from the east and from the west and will recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Matthew 8:11.

The Lord did not mean that they were going to feast with these three in the kingdom of God but that they were to enjoy the celestial goods meant by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. That is to say, they were to enjoy the inmost celestial goods of love, meant by -Abraham'; also a lower type of goods, which are intermediate, as those are which belong to the rational, meant by 'Isaac'; and a still lower type of goods which are celestial-natural, such as occur in the first heaven, meant by 'Jacob'. These are the things which constitute the internal sense of these words. That such things are meant by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, see 1893, and wherever else they are the subject. For whether one speaks of enjoying those celestial things, or whether one speaks of enjoying the Lord, whom they represent, it amounts to the same since the Lord is the source of all those things, and the Lord is their All in all.

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.