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Esodo 34

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1 L’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Tagliati due tavole di pietra come le prime; e io scriverò sulle tavole le parole che erano sulle prime che spezzasti.

2 E sii pronto domattina, e sali al mattino sul monte Sinai, e presentati quivi a me in vetta al monte.

3 Nessuno salga con te, e non si vegga alcuno per tutto il monte; e greggi ed armenti non pascolino nei pressi di questo monte".

4 Mosè dunque tagliò due tavole di pietra, come le prime; si alzò la mattina di buon’ora, e salì sul monte Sinai come l’Eterno gli avea comandato, e prese in mano le due tavole di pietra.

5 E l’Eterno discese nella nuvola, si fermò quivi con lui e proclamò il nome dell’Eterno.

6 E l’Eterno passò davanti a lui, e gridò: "l’Eterno! l’Eterno! l’Iddio misericordioso e pietoso, lento all’ira, ricco in benignità e fedeltà,

7 che conserva la sua benignità fino alla millesima generazione, che perdona l’iniquità, la trasgressione e il peccato ma non terrà il colpevole per innocente, e che punisce l’iniquità dei padri sopra i figliuoli e sopra i figliuoli de’ figliuoli, fino alla terza e alla quarta generazione!"

8 E Mosè subito s’inchinò fino a terra, e adorò.

9 Poi disse: "Deh, Signore, se ho trovato grazia agli occhi tuoi, venga il Signore in mezzo a noi, perché questo è un popolo di collo duro; perdona la nostra iniquità e il nostro peccato, e prendici come tuo possesso".

10 E l’Eterno risposo: "Ecco, io faccio un patto: farò dinanzi a tutto il tuo popolo maraviglie, quali non si son mai fatte su tutta la terra né in alcuna nazione; e tutto il popolo in mezzo al quale ti trovi vedrà l’opera dell’Eterno, perché tremendo è quello ch’io sono per fare per mezzo di te.

11 Osserva quello che oggi ti comando: Ecco, io caccerò dinanzi a te gli Amorei, i Cananei, gli Hittei, i Ferezei, gli Hivvei e i Gebusei.

12 Guardati dal far lega con gli abitanti del paese nel quale stai per andare, onde non abbiano a diventare, in mezzo a te, un laccio;

13 ma demolite i loro altari, frantumate le loro colonne, abbattete i loro idoli;

14 poiché tu non adorerai altro dio, perché l’Eterno, che si chiama "il Geloso", è un Dio geloso.

15 Guardati dal far lega con gli abitanti del paese, affinché, quando quelli si prostituiranno ai loro dèi e offriranno sacrifizi ai loro dèi, non avvenga ch’essi t’invitino, e tu mangi dei loro sacrifizi,

16 e prenda delle loro figliuole per i tuoi figliuoli, e le loro figliuole si prostituiscano ai loro dèi, e inducano i tuoi figliuoli a prostituirsi ai loro dèi.

17 Non ti farai dèi di getto.

18 Osserverai la festa degli azzimi. Sette giorni, al tempo fissato del mese di Abib, mangerai pane senza lievito, come t’ho ordinato; poiché nel mese di Abib tu sei uscito dall’Egitto.

19 Ogni primogenito è mio; e mio è ogni primo parto maschio di tutto il tuo bestiame: del bestiame grosso e minuto.

20 Ma riscatterai con un agnello il primo nato dell’asino; e, se non lo vorrai riscattare, gli fiaccherai il collo. Riscatterai ogni primogenito de’ tuoi figliuoli. E nessuno comparirà davanti a me a mani vuote.

21 Lavorerai sei giorni; ma il settimo giorno ti riposerai: ti riposerai anche al tempo dell’aratura e della mietitura.

22 Celebrerai la festa delle settimane: cioè delle primizie della mietitura del frumento, e la festa della raccolta alla fine dell’anno.

23 Tre volte all’anno comparirà ogni vostro maschio nel cospetto del Signore, dell’Eterno, ch’è l’Iddio d’Israele.

24 Poiché io caccerò dinanzi a te delle nazioni, e allargherò i tuoi confini; né alcuno agognerà il tuo paese, quando salirai, tre volte all’anno, per comparire nel cospetto dell’Eterno, ch’è l’Iddio tuo.

25 Non offrirai con pane lievitato il sangue della vittima immolata a me; e il sacrifizio della festa di Pasqua non sarà serbato fino al mattino.

26 Porterai alla casa dell’Eterno Iddio tuo le primizie de’ primi frutti della tua terra. Non cuocerai il capretto nel latte di sua madre".

27 Poi l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Scrivi queste parole; perché sul fondamento di queste parole io ho contratto alleanza con te e con Israele".

28 E Mosè rimase quivi con l’Eterno quaranta giorni e quaranta notti; non mangiò pane e non bevve acqua. E l’Eterno scrisse sulle tavole le parole del patto, le dieci parole.

29 Or Mosè, quando scese dal monte Sinai scendendo dal monte Mosè aveva in mano le due tavole della testimonianza non sapeva che la pelle del suo viso era diventata tutta raggiante mentr’egli parlava con l’Eterno;

30 e quando Aaronne e tutti i figliuoli d’Israele videro Mosè, ecco che la pelle del suo viso era tutta raggiante, ed essi temettero d’accostarsi a lui.

31 Ma Mosè li chiamò, ed Aaronne e tutti i capi della raunanza tornarono a lui, e Mosè parlò loro.

32 Dopo questo, tutti i figliuoli d’Israele si accostarono, ed egli ordinò loro tutto quello che l’Eterno gli avea detto sul monte Sinai.

33 E quando Mosè ebbe finito di parlar con loro, si mise un velo sulla faccia.

34 Ma quando Mosè entrava al cospetto dell’Eterno per parlare con lui, si toglieva il velo, finché non tornasse fuori; tornava fuori, e diceva ai figliuoli d’Israele quello che gli era stato comandato.

35 I figliuoli d’Israele, guardando la faccia di Mosè, ne vedeano la pelle tutta raggiante; e Mosè si rimetteva il velo sulla faccia, finché non entrasse a parlare con l’Eterno.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9414

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9414. 'And Jehovah said to Moses' means instructions from the Lord for those restricted to the outward sense. This is clear from the meaning of 'saying' as instructions, when it includes the things stated after it that make up the instructions, as also in 7186, 7241, 7267, 7304, 7380, 7517, 7769, 7793, 7825, 8041 (the instructions come from the Lord because 'Jehovah' is used in the Word to mean the Lord, 1343, 1736, 1793, 2004, 2005, 2018, 2025, 2921, 3023, 3035, 5663, 6280, 6281, 6303, 6905, 8274, 8864, 9315); and from the representation of 'Moses' as that which acts as the intermediary between the Lord and the people, thus the Word in respect of its outward holiness since this acts as an intermediary. The fact that 'Moses' begins now to represent this intermediary is clear from the train of thought in all that follows. For that people was restricted to the external level of the Word, and as a consequence their worship was external, separated from anything internal, see 9380. Those who are like this cannot have any holy contact at all with the Lord, let alone be joined to Him, except through an intermediary. This matter will be explained more fully below in 9419.

[2] The fact that this people was restricted to the outward sense of the Word, separated from the inward, and that as a consequence their worship was similarly external, is plainly evident from events that followed. After forty days they fell completely away, worshipping the golden calf instead of Jehovah. Also, because of this Moses at that time threw the tablets from his hand and smashed them; and afterwards he was commanded to hew some other tablets on which the same words would be written. The meaning of this was that this people were altogether unwilling to accept any teaching at all from the inward sense of the Word as it exists in heaven, only from its outward sense separated from the inward, as the Word exists with them in the world even at the present day. This also explains why that people were no longer called Jehovah's people but Moses' people, as in Chapter Exodus 32 further on,

Jehovah spoke to Moses, Go! go down; for your people whom you caused to come up from the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves. Exodus 32:7.

Also in Chapter 33,

Jehovah spoke to Moses, Go! go up from here, you and the people whom you have caused to come up from the land of Egypt. Exodus 33:1.

For this reason also they were subsequently removed from the mountain. And in Chapter 34,

No man shall come up with you, and also no man shall be seen on all the mountain. Also no flock or herd shall feed before this mountain. Exodus 34:3.

For 'Mount Sinai' means the Law or Divine Truth and the Word as it exists in heaven, and so heaven as well, 8399, 8753, 8793, 8805. The reason why Moses previously represented the Word in general, that is, in respect both of its inward sense and of its outward sense, was that there the subject was the declaring of the Law, by which the revelation of Divine Truth in general was meant. This was the beginning of the revelation, for all else in the Word was written later.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 9315

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9315. 'When My angel goes before you' means a life in keeping with the Lord's commandments. This is clear from the meaning of 'going before you' - when it refers to the Lord, who is 'the angel of Jehovah' here - as teaching the commandments of faith and life, and therefore also a life in keeping with those commandments, ('going' and 'travelling on' mean living, see 1293, 3335, 4882, 5493, 5605, 8417, 8420, 8557, 8559); and from the meaning of 'the angel of Jehovah' as the Lord's Divine Human, dealt with above in 9303, 9306. The reason why the Lord's Divine Human is meant by 'the angel' is that the numerous angels who appeared in times before the Lord's Coming into the world were Jehovah Himself in human form, that is, in that of an angel. This is plainly evident from the fact that angels who appeared were called Jehovah, such as those who appeared to Abraham and are spoken of in Genesis 18. The fact that they were called Jehovah may be seen in verses 1, 13, 14, 17, 20, 26, 33, of that chapter, as was the one who appeared to Gideon and is spoken of in Judges 6. The fact that this angel too was called Jehovah may be seen in verses 12, 14, 16, 22-24, of that chapter. The same may be seen in other places besides these. Jehovah Himself in human form, or what amounts to the same thing, in that of an angel, was the Lord.

[2] His Divine Human appeared in those times as an angel, of whom the Lord Himself speaks in John,

Jesus said, Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and saw it and was glad. Truly, truly, I say to you, Before Abraham was, I am. John 8:56, 58.

And in the same gospel,

Father, glorify Me in Your Own Self with the glory I had with You before the world was. John 17:5.

Jehovah could not have appeared in any other way, as is again clear from the Lord's words, in John,

You have never heard the Father's voice nor seen His shape. John 5:37.

And in the same gospel,

No one has seen the Father except Him who is with God, 1 He has seen the Father. John 6:46.

From all this one may see what is meant by 'the Lord from eternity'.

[3] The reason why the Lord was pleased to be born as Man (Homo) was in order that He might in reality take on a Humanity and make it Divine, to save the human race. Know therefore that the Lord is Jehovah Himself or the Father in human form, as yet again the Lord Himself teaches in John,

I and the Father are one. John 10:30.

In the same gospel,

Jesus said, From now on you know and have seen the Father. He who has seen Me has seen the Father. Believe Me that I am in the Father and the Father in Me. John 14:7, 9, 11.

And in the same gospel,

All Mine are Yours, and all Yours are Mine. John 17:10.

[4] This great mystery is described in John in the following words,

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made by Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made. And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as of the Only Begotten from the Father. Nobody has ever seen God; the only begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father, He has made Him known. John 1:1-3, 14, 18.

'The Word' is Divine Truth which has been revealed to mankind; and since it could not have been revealed except by Jehovah as Man, that is, except by Jehovah in human form, thus by the Lord, it says, 'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God'. It is well known in the Church that 'the Word' is used to mean the Lord, for it is explicitly stated, 'The Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as of the Only Begotten from the Father'. The fact that Divine Truth could not have been revealed to mankind except by Jehovah in human form is also clearly stated, 'Nobody has ever seen God; the only begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father, He has made Him known'.

[5] From all this it is evident that the Lord from eternity was Jehovah or the Father in human form, but not yet so in earthly flesh, for an angel does not have such flesh. And since Jehovah or the Father wished to take on everything human in order to save the human race, He also took flesh. This is why it says, The Word was God, and the Word became flesh, and in Luke,

See My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself; handle Me and see; for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see Me have. Luke 24:39.

By this the Lord taught that He was no longer Jehovah under the form of an angel but that He was Jehovah as Man. This is also what the following words spoken by the Lord serve to mean,

I came out from the Father and have come into the world; again I am leaving the world and going off to the Father. John 16:28.

The Lord made His Human Divine when He was in the world, see 1616, 1725, 1813, 1921, 2025, 2026, 2033, 2034, 2083, 2523, 2751, 2798, 3038, 3043, 3212, 3241, 3318 (end), 3637, 3737, 4065, 4180, 4211, 4237, 4286, 4585, 4687, 4692, 4724, 4738, 4766, 5005, 5045, 5078, 5110, 5256, 6373, 6700, 6716, 6849, 6864, 6872, 7014, 7211, 7499, 8547, 8864, 8865, 8878.

And everything human received from the mother was cast out, till at length He was not Mary's son, 2159, 2649, 2776, 4963, 5157, and especially 3704, 4727, 9303, 9306, as well as the things shown regarding these matters in the places referred to in 9194, 9199.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. The Latin means with the Father but the Greek means with God.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.