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Esodo 34

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1 L’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Tagliati due tavole di pietra come le prime; e io scriverò sulle tavole le parole che erano sulle prime che spezzasti.

2 E sii pronto domattina, e sali al mattino sul monte Sinai, e presentati quivi a me in vetta al monte.

3 Nessuno salga con te, e non si vegga alcuno per tutto il monte; e greggi ed armenti non pascolino nei pressi di questo monte".

4 Mosè dunque tagliò due tavole di pietra, come le prime; si alzò la mattina di buon’ora, e salì sul monte Sinai come l’Eterno gli avea comandato, e prese in mano le due tavole di pietra.

5 E l’Eterno discese nella nuvola, si fermò quivi con lui e proclamò il nome dell’Eterno.

6 E l’Eterno passò davanti a lui, e gridò: "l’Eterno! l’Eterno! l’Iddio misericordioso e pietoso, lento all’ira, ricco in benignità e fedeltà,

7 che conserva la sua benignità fino alla millesima generazione, che perdona l’iniquità, la trasgressione e il peccato ma non terrà il colpevole per innocente, e che punisce l’iniquità dei padri sopra i figliuoli e sopra i figliuoli de’ figliuoli, fino alla terza e alla quarta generazione!"

8 E Mosè subito s’inchinò fino a terra, e adorò.

9 Poi disse: "Deh, Signore, se ho trovato grazia agli occhi tuoi, venga il Signore in mezzo a noi, perché questo è un popolo di collo duro; perdona la nostra iniquità e il nostro peccato, e prendici come tuo possesso".

10 E l’Eterno risposo: "Ecco, io faccio un patto: farò dinanzi a tutto il tuo popolo maraviglie, quali non si son mai fatte su tutta la terra né in alcuna nazione; e tutto il popolo in mezzo al quale ti trovi vedrà l’opera dell’Eterno, perché tremendo è quello ch’io sono per fare per mezzo di te.

11 Osserva quello che oggi ti comando: Ecco, io caccerò dinanzi a te gli Amorei, i Cananei, gli Hittei, i Ferezei, gli Hivvei e i Gebusei.

12 Guardati dal far lega con gli abitanti del paese nel quale stai per andare, onde non abbiano a diventare, in mezzo a te, un laccio;

13 ma demolite i loro altari, frantumate le loro colonne, abbattete i loro idoli;

14 poiché tu non adorerai altro dio, perché l’Eterno, che si chiama "il Geloso", è un Dio geloso.

15 Guardati dal far lega con gli abitanti del paese, affinché, quando quelli si prostituiranno ai loro dèi e offriranno sacrifizi ai loro dèi, non avvenga ch’essi t’invitino, e tu mangi dei loro sacrifizi,

16 e prenda delle loro figliuole per i tuoi figliuoli, e le loro figliuole si prostituiscano ai loro dèi, e inducano i tuoi figliuoli a prostituirsi ai loro dèi.

17 Non ti farai dèi di getto.

18 Osserverai la festa degli azzimi. Sette giorni, al tempo fissato del mese di Abib, mangerai pane senza lievito, come t’ho ordinato; poiché nel mese di Abib tu sei uscito dall’Egitto.

19 Ogni primogenito è mio; e mio è ogni primo parto maschio di tutto il tuo bestiame: del bestiame grosso e minuto.

20 Ma riscatterai con un agnello il primo nato dell’asino; e, se non lo vorrai riscattare, gli fiaccherai il collo. Riscatterai ogni primogenito de’ tuoi figliuoli. E nessuno comparirà davanti a me a mani vuote.

21 Lavorerai sei giorni; ma il settimo giorno ti riposerai: ti riposerai anche al tempo dell’aratura e della mietitura.

22 Celebrerai la festa delle settimane: cioè delle primizie della mietitura del frumento, e la festa della raccolta alla fine dell’anno.

23 Tre volte all’anno comparirà ogni vostro maschio nel cospetto del Signore, dell’Eterno, ch’è l’Iddio d’Israele.

24 Poiché io caccerò dinanzi a te delle nazioni, e allargherò i tuoi confini; né alcuno agognerà il tuo paese, quando salirai, tre volte all’anno, per comparire nel cospetto dell’Eterno, ch’è l’Iddio tuo.

25 Non offrirai con pane lievitato il sangue della vittima immolata a me; e il sacrifizio della festa di Pasqua non sarà serbato fino al mattino.

26 Porterai alla casa dell’Eterno Iddio tuo le primizie de’ primi frutti della tua terra. Non cuocerai il capretto nel latte di sua madre".

27 Poi l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Scrivi queste parole; perché sul fondamento di queste parole io ho contratto alleanza con te e con Israele".

28 E Mosè rimase quivi con l’Eterno quaranta giorni e quaranta notti; non mangiò pane e non bevve acqua. E l’Eterno scrisse sulle tavole le parole del patto, le dieci parole.

29 Or Mosè, quando scese dal monte Sinai scendendo dal monte Mosè aveva in mano le due tavole della testimonianza non sapeva che la pelle del suo viso era diventata tutta raggiante mentr’egli parlava con l’Eterno;

30 e quando Aaronne e tutti i figliuoli d’Israele videro Mosè, ecco che la pelle del suo viso era tutta raggiante, ed essi temettero d’accostarsi a lui.

31 Ma Mosè li chiamò, ed Aaronne e tutti i capi della raunanza tornarono a lui, e Mosè parlò loro.

32 Dopo questo, tutti i figliuoli d’Israele si accostarono, ed egli ordinò loro tutto quello che l’Eterno gli avea detto sul monte Sinai.

33 E quando Mosè ebbe finito di parlar con loro, si mise un velo sulla faccia.

34 Ma quando Mosè entrava al cospetto dell’Eterno per parlare con lui, si toglieva il velo, finché non tornasse fuori; tornava fuori, e diceva ai figliuoli d’Israele quello che gli era stato comandato.

35 I figliuoli d’Israele, guardando la faccia di Mosè, ne vedeano la pelle tutta raggiante; e Mosè si rimetteva il velo sulla faccia, finché non entrasse a parlare con l’Eterno.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9414

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9414. 'And Jehovah said to Moses' means instructions from the Lord for those restricted to the outward sense. This is clear from the meaning of 'saying' as instructions, when it includes the things stated after it that make up the instructions, as also in 7186, 7241, 7267, 7304, 7380, 7517, 7769, 7793, 7825, 8041 (the instructions come from the Lord because 'Jehovah' is used in the Word to mean the Lord, 1343, 1736, 1793, 2004, 2005, 2018, 2025, 2921, 3023, 3035, 5663, 6280, 6281, 6303, 6905, 8274, 8864, 9315); and from the representation of 'Moses' as that which acts as the intermediary between the Lord and the people, thus the Word in respect of its outward holiness since this acts as an intermediary. The fact that 'Moses' begins now to represent this intermediary is clear from the train of thought in all that follows. For that people was restricted to the external level of the Word, and as a consequence their worship was external, separated from anything internal, see 9380. Those who are like this cannot have any holy contact at all with the Lord, let alone be joined to Him, except through an intermediary. This matter will be explained more fully below in 9419.

[2] The fact that this people was restricted to the outward sense of the Word, separated from the inward, and that as a consequence their worship was similarly external, is plainly evident from events that followed. After forty days they fell completely away, worshipping the golden calf instead of Jehovah. Also, because of this Moses at that time threw the tablets from his hand and smashed them; and afterwards he was commanded to hew some other tablets on which the same words would be written. The meaning of this was that this people were altogether unwilling to accept any teaching at all from the inward sense of the Word as it exists in heaven, only from its outward sense separated from the inward, as the Word exists with them in the world even at the present day. This also explains why that people were no longer called Jehovah's people but Moses' people, as in Chapter Exodus 32 further on,

Jehovah spoke to Moses, Go! go down; for your people whom you caused to come up from the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves. Exodus 32:7.

Also in Chapter 33,

Jehovah spoke to Moses, Go! go up from here, you and the people whom you have caused to come up from the land of Egypt. Exodus 33:1.

For this reason also they were subsequently removed from the mountain. And in Chapter 34,

No man shall come up with you, and also no man shall be seen on all the mountain. Also no flock or herd shall feed before this mountain. Exodus 34:3.

For 'Mount Sinai' means the Law or Divine Truth and the Word as it exists in heaven, and so heaven as well, 8399, 8753, 8793, 8805. The reason why Moses previously represented the Word in general, that is, in respect both of its inward sense and of its outward sense, was that there the subject was the declaring of the Law, by which the revelation of Divine Truth in general was meant. This was the beginning of the revelation, for all else in the Word was written later.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 3813

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3813. As regards 'flesh', this means in the highest sense the Proprium of the Lord's Divine Human, which is Divine Good, and in the relative sense means the will side of the human proprium when made alive by the Proprium of the Lord's Divine Human, that is, by His Divine Good. This proprium is the one called the heavenly proprium which, in itself the Lord's alone, is appropriated to those who are governed by good and consequently by truth. Such a proprium exists with angels in heaven, and also with men whose interiors, that is, their spirits, are in the Lord's kingdom. But in the contrary sense 'flesh' means the will side of the human proprium, which in itself is nothing but evil, and not having been made alive by the Lord is called dead; and the individual himself is for that reason called dead.

[2] That 'flesh' in the highest sense means the Proprium of the Lord's Divine Human, and so His Divine Good, is clear from the Lord's words in John,

Jesus said, I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this bread he will live for ever. The bread which I will give is My flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. The Jews disputed with one another, saying, How can this man give his flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you will have no life in yourselves. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day; for My flesh is truly food, and My blood is truly drink. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. This is the bread which came down from heaven. John 6:51-58.

Here it is quite evident that 'flesh' means the Proprium of the Lord's Divine Human, and so the Divine Good - His flesh in the Holy Supper being called 'the body'. His body or flesh in the Holy Supper is the Divine Good, and His blood the Divine Truth, see 1798, 2165, 2177, 3464, 3735. And since bread and wine have the same meaning as flesh and blood - that is to say, 'bread' is the Lord's Divine Good, and 'wine' His Divine Truth - bread and wine were commanded in place of flesh and blood. This is why the Lord says, 'I am the living bread; the bread which I will give is My flesh; he who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me and I in him; this is the bread which came down from heaven'. 'Eating' means being communicated, being joined to, and being made one's own, see 2187, 2343, 3168, 3513 (end), 3596.

[3] The same was represented in the Jewish Church by the law that the flesh of sacrifices was to be eaten by Aaron and his sons, by those persons who brought the sacrifice, and by others who were clean; and that this flesh was holy, see Exodus 12:7-9; 29:30-34; Leviticus 7:15-21; 8:31; Deuteronomy 12:27; 16:4. That being so, if any unclean person ate some of that flesh he was to be cut off from his people, Leviticus 7:21. The fact that these sacrifices were called 'bread', see 2165, and that that sacrificial flesh was called 'holy flesh', Jeremiah 11:15; Haggai 2:12. And in Ezekiel 40:43 where the new Temple is the subject, it is called 'the flesh of the offering which is on the tables in the Lord's kingdom', by which clearly worship of the Lord in His kingdom is meant.

[4] That 'flesh' in the relative sense means the will side of man's proprium when made alive by the Lord is Divine Good is clear also from the following places: In Ezekiel,

I will give them one heart, and will put a new spirit in your midst; and I will remove the heart of stone out of their flesh and will give them a heart of flesh. Ezekiel 11:19; 36:26.

'The heart of stone out of their flesh' stands for a will and proprium when not made alive, 'a heart of flesh' for a will and proprium when made alive; for 'the heart' is a representative of good in the will, see 2930, 3313, 3635. In David,

O God, You are my God; in the morning I seek You. My soul thirsts for You, my flesh in a dry land longs for You, and I am weary without water. Psalms 63:1.

In the same author,

My soul longs for the courts of Jehovah; my heart and my flesh shout for joy to the living God. Psalms 84:2.

[5] In Job,

I have come to know my Redeemer; He is alive; and at the last He will rise above the dust; and afterwards these things will be encompassed by my skin, and out of my flesh shall I see God, whom I shall see for myself; and my eyes will behold, and no other. Job 19:25-27.

'Being encompassed by skin' stands for the natural, such as a person possesses after death, dealt with in 3539. 'Out of his flesh seeing God' stands for the proprium when made alive, which is why Job says, 'Whom I shall see for myself; and my eyes will behold, and no other'. Since it was well known in the ancient Churches that 'flesh' meant the proprium, and since the Book of Job is a book of the Ancient Church, 3540 (end), he accordingly followed the custom of the day and drew on meaningful signs to speak of these, as of many other matters. Those therefore who conclude from what Job said that their dead body is going to be reassembled from the four winds and is going to rise again do not know the internal sense of the Word. Those who are conversant with that sense know that they will enter the next life in a body, but in a purer one. In that life people have purer bodies, for they behold one another, talk to one another, and are endowed with each of the senses, which though like those in the physical body are now keener. The body which a person carries around on earth is designed for activities on earth and therefore consists of flesh and bones, whereas the body that a spirit carries around in the next life is designed for activities in that life and does not consist of flesh and bones but of such things as correspond to these, see 3726.

[6] That 'flesh' in the contrary sense means the will side of the human proprium which in itself is nothing but evil is clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

Every man will eat the flesh of his own arm. Isaiah 9:20.

In the same prophet,

I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh, and they will be drunk with their blood as with new wine. Isaiah 49:26.

In Jeremiah,

I will feed them with the flesh of their sons and with the flesh of their daughters, and every man will eat the flesh of his companion. Jeremiah 19:9.

In Zechariah,

Those that are left will eat, every one the flesh of another. Zechariah 11:9.

In Moses,

I will chastise you seven times for your sins, and you will eat the flesh of your sons: and the flesh of your daughters will you eat. Leviticus 26:28-29.

The will side of the human proprium, or man's own natural inclinations, is described in this way because it is nothing but evil and consequent falsity, and so hatred against every form of truth or good, that are meant by 'eating the flesh of their own arm', 'the flesh of sons and daughters', and 'the flesh of another'.

[7] In John,

I saw an angel standing in the sun, who called out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds flying in mid-heaven, Come and gather yourselves to the supper of the great God, so that you may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses and those seated on them, and the flesh of all free men and slaves, both small and great. Revelation 19:17-18; Ezekiel 39:17-20.

Anyone may see that the flesh of kings, captains, mighty men, horses and those seated on them, free men and slaves, is not meant by such expressions. 'Flesh' accordingly has another meaning which has not been known up to now. The fact that evils resulting from falsities, and evils producing falsities, are meant - which evils originate on the will side of the human proprium - is evident from each expression used here.

[8] Since falsity which springs from the understanding side of man's proprium is meant by 'blood' in the internal sense, and evil which springs from the will side of his proprium by 'flesh', the Lord speaks of the person who is to be regenerated as follows,

As many as received Him, to them He gave power to be sons of God, to those believing in His name, who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. John 1:12-13.

For this reason 'flesh' is used to mean in general all mankind, see 574, 1050 (end). For whether you speak of man or of man's proprium it amounts to the same.

[9] That 'flesh' in the highest sense means the Lord's Divine Human is evident from the verses quoted above, as well as from the following in John,

The Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as of the Only Begotten from the Father. John 1:14.

It is by virtue of this flesh that all other flesh is made alive, that is, by virtue of the Lord's Divine Human, every human being is made alive, through making His love his own, which is meant by 'eating the flesh of the Son of Man', John 6:51-58, and by eating the bread in the Holy Supper - for the bread is His body or flesh, Matthew 26:26-27.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.