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1 L’Eterno parlò a Mosè e ad Aaronne nel paese d’Egitto, dicendo:

2 "Questo mese sarà per voi il primo dei mesi: sarà per voi il primo dei mesi dell’anno.

3 Parlate a tutta la raunanza d’Israele, e dite: Il decimo giorno di questo mese, prenda ognuno un agnello per famiglia, un agnello per casa;

4 e se la casa è troppo poco numerosa per un agnello, se ne prenda uno in comune col vicino di casa più prossimo, tenendo conto del numero delle persone; voi conterete ogni persona secondo quel che può mangiare dell’agnello.

5 Il vostro agnello sia senza difetto, maschio, dell’anno; potrete prendere un agnello o un capretto.

6 Lo serberete fino al quattordicesimo giorno di questo mese, e tutta la raunanza d’Israele, congregata, lo immolerà sull’imbrunire.

7 E si prenda del sangue d’esso, e si metta sui due stipiti e sull’architrave della porta delle case dove lo si mangerà.

8 E se ne mangi la carne in quella notte; si mangi arrostita al fuoco, con pane senza lievito e con dell’erbe amare.

9 Non ne mangiate niente di poco cotto o di lessato nell’acqua, ma sia arrostito al fuoco, con la testa, le gambe e le interiora.

10 E non ne lasciate nulla di resto fino alla mattina; e quel che ne sarà rimasto fino alla mattina, bruciatelo col fuoco.

11 E mangiatelo in questa maniera: coi vostri fianchi cinti, coi vostri calzari ai piedi e col vostro bastone in mano; e mangiatelo in fretta: è la Pasqua dell’Eterno.

12 Quella notte io passerò per il paese d’Egitto, e percoterò ogni primogenito nel paese d’Egitto, tanto degli uomini quanto degli animali, e farò giustizia di tutti gli dèi d’Egitto. Io sono l’Eterno.

13 E quel sangue vi servirà di segno sulle case dove sarete; e quand’io vedrò il sangue passerò oltre, e non vi sarà piaga su voi per distruggervi, quando percoterò il paese d’Egitto.

14 Quel giorno sarà per voi un giorno di ricordanza, e lo celebrerete come una festa in onore dell’Eterno; lo celebrerete d’età in età come una festa d’istituzione perpetua.

15 Per sette giorni mangerete pani azzimi. Fin dal primo giorno toglierete ogni lievito dalle vostre case; poiché, chiunque mangerà pane lievitato, dal primo giorno fino al settimo, sarà reciso da Israele.

16 E il primo giorno avrete una santa convocazione, e una santa convocazione il settimo giorno. Non si faccia alcun lavoro in que’ giorni; si prepari soltanto quel ch’è necessario a ciascuno per mangiare, e non altro.

17 Osservate dunque la festa degli azzimi; poiché in quel medesimo giorno io avrò tratto le vostre schiere dal paese d’Egitto; osservate dunque quel giorno d’età in età, come una istituzione perpetua.

18 Mangiate pani azzimi dalla sera del quattordicesimo giorno del mese, fino alla sera del ventunesimo giorno.

19 Per sette giorni non si trovi lievito nelle vostre case; perché chiunque mangerà qualcosa di lievitato, quel tale sarà reciso dalla raunanza d’Israele: sia egli forestiero o nativo del paese.

20 Non mangiate nulla di lievitato; in tutte le vostre dimore mangiate pani azzimi".

21 Mosè dunque chiamò tutti gli anziani d’Israele, e disse loro: "Sceglietevi e prendetevi degli agnelli per le vostre famiglie, e immolate la Pasqua.

22 E prendete un mazzetto d’issopo, intingetelo nel sangue che sarà nel bacino, e spruzzate di quel sangue che sarà nel bacino, l’architrave e i due stipiti delle porte; e nessuno di voi varchi la porta di casa sua, fino al mattino.

23 Poiché l’Eterno passerà per colpire gli Egiziani; e quando vedrà il sangue sull’architrave e sugli stipiti, l’Eterno passera oltre la porta, e non permetterà al distruttore d’entrare nelle vostre case per colpirvi.

24 Osservate dunque questo come una istituzione perpetua per voi e per i vostri figliuoli.

25 E quando sarete entrati nel paese che l’Eterno vi darà, conforme ha promesso, osservate questo rito;

26 e quando i vostri figliuoli vi diranno: Che significa per voi questo rito?

27 risponderete: Questo è il sacrifizio della Pasqua in onore dell’Eterno il quale passò oltre le case dei figliuoli d’Israele in Egitto, quando colpì gli Egiziani e salvò le nostre case".

28 E il popolo s’inchinò e adorò. E i figliuoli d’Israele andarono, e fecero così; fecero come l’Eterno aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aaronne.

29 E avvenne che, alla mezzanotte, l’Eterno colpì tutti i primogeniti nel paese di Egitto, dal primogenito di Faraone che sedeva sul suo trono al primogenito del carcerato ch’era in prigione, e tutti i primogeniti del bestiame.

30 E Faraone si alzò di notte: egli e tutti i suoi servitori e tutti gli Egiziani; e vi fu un gran grido in Egitto, perché non c’era casa dove non fosse un morto.

31 Ed egli chiamò Mosè ed Aaronne, di notte, e disse: "Levatevi, partite di mezzo al mio popolo, voi e i figliuoli d’Israele; e andate, servite l’Eterno, come avete detto.

32 Prendete i vostri greggi e i vostri armenti, come avete detto; andatevene, e benedite anche me!"

33 E gli Egiziani facevano forza al popolo per affrettarne la partenza dal paese, perché dicevano: "Noi siamo tutti morti".

34 Il popolo portò via la sua pasta prima che fosse lievitata; avvolse le sue madie ne’ suoi vestiti e se le mise sulle spalle.

35 Or i figliuoli d’Israele fecero come Mosè avea detto: domandarono agli Egiziani degli oggetti d’argento, degli oggetti d’oro e de’ vestiti;

36 e l’Eterno fece entrare il popolo nelle buone grazie degli Egiziani, che gli dettero quel che domandava. Così spogliarono gli Egiziani.

37 I figliuoli d’Israele partirono da Ramses per Succoth, in numero di circa seicentomila uomini a piedi, senza contare i fanciulli.

38 E una folla di gente d’ogni specie salì anch’essa con loro; e avevano pure greggi, armenti, bestiame in grandissima quantità.

39 E cossero la pasta che avean portata dall’Egitto, e ne fecero delle focacce azzime; poiché la pasta non era lievitata, essendo essi stati cacciati dall’Egitto senza poter indugiare e senza potersi prendere provvisioni di sorta.

40 Or la dimora che i figliuoli d’Israele fecero in Egitto fu di quattrocento trenta anni.

41 E al termine di quattrocento trenta anni, proprio il giorno che finivano, avvenne che tutte le schiere dell’Eterno uscirono dal paese d’Egitto.

42 Questa è una notte da celebrarsi in onore dell’Eterno, perché ei li trasse dal paese d’Egitto; questa è una notte consacrata all’Eterno, per essere osservata da tutti i figliuoli d’Israele, d’età in età.

43 E l’Eterno disse a Mosè e ad Aaronne: "Questa è la norma della Pasqua: Nessuno straniero ne mangi;

44 ma qualunque servo, comprato a prezzo di danaro, dopo che l’avrai circonciso, potrà mangiarne.

45 L’avventizio e il mercenario non ne mangino.

46 Si mangi ogni agnello in una medesima casa; non portate fuori nulla della carne d’esso, e non ne spezzate alcun osso.

47 Tutta la raunanza d’Israele celebri la Pasqua.

48 E quando uno straniero soggiornerà teco e vorrà far la Pasqua in onore dell’Eterno, siano circoncisi prima tutti i maschi della sua famiglia; e poi s’accosti pure per farla, e sia come un nativo del paese; ma nessuno incirconciso ne mangi.

49 Siavi un’unica legge per il nativo del paese e per lo straniero che soggiorna tra voi".

50 Tutti i figliuoli d’Israele fecero così; fecero come l’Eterno aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aaronne.

51 E avvenne che in quel medesimo giorno l’Eterno trasse i figliuoli d’Israele dal paese d’Egitto, secondo le loro schiere.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 10135

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10135. 'And you shall offer the other lamb between the evenings' means a similar removal of evils in a state of light and love in the external man. This is clear from the meaning of 'offering a lamb', or sacrificing it, as being removed from evils by means of the good of innocence from the Lord, as immediately above in 10134; and from the meaning of 'between the evenings' as in a state of light and love in the external man. In the Word 'evening' means a state involving interior things when the truths of faith are set in obscurity, and forms of the good of love are in some coldness; for angels experience different states of love and light, just as in the world different times of day - morning, midday, evening, night or twilight prior to morning, and morning again - give way to one another. When the angels experience a state of love, to them it is morning, and the Lord appears before them as the rising Sun. When they experience a state of light, to them it is midday. When however they experience a state of light set in obscurity, to them it is evening; and when after this they experience a state of love set in obscurity or some coldness, for them it is night, or rather the twilight before morning.

[2] Such states experienced by the angels follow unceasingly one after another, and serve unceasingly to make them more perfect. But those changes are not due to the Sun there, to its rising and setting, but to the state of the interiors within the angels themselves; for as with people in the world they have a desire at one time to turn towards their internal interests, at another towards their external ones. When they turn towards internal interests they experience a state of love and consequently of light in clearness, and when they turn towards external interests they experience a state of love and consequently of light set in obscurity; for what is external is such, compared with what is internal. This is the origin of the changes of state experienced by angels. The reason why they have such states and such changes is that the Sun of heaven, which in that world is the Lord, is the Divine Love itself. Therefore the heat radiating from it is the good of love, and the light from it is the truth of faith. For everything radiating from that Sun has life, unlike the things radiating from the sun in the world, which are dead.

[3] From this it becomes clear what heavenly heat is and what heavenly light is, also why it is that 'heat', 'flame', and 'fire' in the Word mean the good of love, 'light' and its 'brightness' the truth of faith, and 'the sun' the Lord Himself in respect of Divine Love.

The Lord in heaven is the Sun, see 3636, 3643, 4321(end), 5097, 7078, 7083, 7171, 7173, 8812.

The heat from it is the good of love, 3338, 3339, 3636, 3693, 4018, 5215, 6032, 6314.

The light from that Sun is Divine Truth, the source of faith, intelligence, and wisdom, see the places referred to in 9548, 9684.

From all this it now becomes clear what 'morning' and what 'evening' mean.

[4] But it should be recognized that in the present verse 'the morning' implies midday as well, and evening early morning twilight as well; for when the words 'morning and evening' are used in the Word an entire day is meant, so that 'morning' includes midday, and 'evening' night or twilight. This explains why 'the morning' in the present verse means a state of love and also of light in clearness, that is, in the internal man, and 'the evening' a state of light, as well as of love in obscurity, that is, in the external man.

[5] The fact that 'between the evenings' is not used to mean the period of time between the evening of one day and the evening of the next day, but the time between evening and morning, thus all of the night or twilight, is evident from the consideration that the continual burnt offering of a lamb was presented not only in the evening but also in the morning. From this it becomes clear that something similar is meant elsewhere by 'between the evenings', for example, where it says that the Passover should be kept between the evenings, Exodus 12:6; Numbers 9:5, 11, which is explained in yet another place by the following words,

You shall sacrifice the Passover in the evening when the sun goes down, at the fixed time of the departure from Egypt. After that you shall cook and eat it in the place which Jehovah your God will have chosen; and in the morning you shall turn 1 and go into your tents. Deuteronomy 16:6-7.

[6] The fact that 'evening' in general means a state of light shining in obscurity is clear in Jeremiah,

Arise, and let us go up into the south. Woe to us, for the day goes away, for the shadows of evening are set at an angle! Arise, and let us go up at night, and let us destroy the palaces. Jeremiah 6:4-5.

Here 'evening' and 'night' mean the last times of the Church, when all matters of faith and love have been destroyed. In Zechariah,

There will be one day, which is known to Jehovah, when around evening time there will be light. On that day living waters will go out from Jerusalem. And Jehovah will be King over all the earth. Zechariah 14:7-9.

This refers to the Lord's Coming. The end of the Church is meant by 'evening time'; 'light' is the Lord's Divine Truth. A similar example occurs in Daniel,

The holy one said to me, Up to the evening, [when it is becoming] the morning, two thousand three hundred times. Daniel 8:13-14.

  
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Arcana Coelestia # 10134

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10134. 'You shall offer one lamb in the morning' means the removal of evils by means of the good of innocence from the Lord in a state of love and consequently of light in the internal man. This is clear from the meaning of 'offering a lamb', or sacrificing it, as the removal of evils by means of the good of innocence from the Lord, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'the morning' as a state of love and consequently of light in the internal man, also dealt with below. The reason why 'offering (or sacrificing) a lamb' means the removal of evils by means of the good of innocence from the Lord is that burnt offerings and sacrifices were signs of purification from evils and consequently from falsities, or what amounts to the same thing, the removal of them, and the implantation of goodness and truth and the joining together of these by the Lord, 9990, 9991, 10022, 10042, 10053. As regards purification from evils, that it is the removal of them, see the places referred to in 10057; and as regards 'a lamb', that the good of innocence is meant, 10132.

[2] The reason why the removal of evils, and the implantation of goodness and truth and the joining together of these, is accomplished by means of the good of innocence from the Lord is that all good, if it is to be good, must have innocence within it. Without it good is not good; for innocence is not only the ground in which truths are sown but also the very essence of good. Therefore how far a person possesses innocence determines how far his good becomes good and his truth has life from good, consequently how far he is endowed with life and the evils present with him are removed. And so far as these are removed determines how far goodness and truth are implanted and are joined together by the Lord. All this explains why the continual burnt offering was made with lambs.

All good in heaven and in the Church has innocence within it, and without it good is not good, see 2736, 2780, 6013, 7840, 7887, 9262.

What innocence is, 3994, 4001, 4797, 5236, 6107, 6765, 7902, 9262, 9936.

[3] The reason why 'the morning' means a state of love and consequently of light in the internal man is that in the heavens angels experience different states involving their love and therefore their faith, just as in the world people pass through different times of day that affect the heat and at the same time the light there, those times of day being, as is well known, morning, midday, evening, and night. So it is that in the Word 'morning' means a state of love, 'midday' a state of light in clearness, 'evening' a state of light set in obscurity, and 'night' or twilight prior to morning a state of love set in obscurity.

Such changes from one state to another take place in heaven, see 5672, 5962, 6110, 7218, 8426.

Morning there is a state of peace and innocence, thus a state of love to the Lord, 2405, 2780, 8426, 8812, 10114.

Midday is a state of light in clearness, 3708, 5672, 9642.

Evening is a state of light set in obscurity, 3056, 3833, 6110.

There is no night in heaven, only twilight, 6110, by which a state of love set in obscurity is meant.

[4] The reason why 'the morning' means a state of love and consequently of light in the internal man is that when an angel's state is one of love and light he functions in his internal man; but when his state is one of light and love in obscurity he does so in his external man. For angels have an internal man and an external, but when they function in the internal the external is virtually dormant, whereas when they do so in the external their state is grosser and duller. So it is that when their state is one of love and light they function in their internal man, thus in what is for them the morning, and when their state is one of light and love set in obscurity they do so in their external, thus in what is for them the evening. From this it is evident that changes of state are effected by their being raised to more internal things, thus to a higher sphere of heavenly light and heat, consequently nearer to the Lord, or by their being let down to more external ones, into a lower sphere of heavenly light and heat, and therefore further away from the Lord.

[5] It should be remembered that more internal things are higher ones and so are closer to the Lord, whereas more external things are lower ones and so are further away from the Lord, and that light in the heavens is Divine Truth which composes faith, while heat in the heavens is Divine Good that constitutes love, both emanating from the Lord. For the Lord is the Sun in heaven, the source of all the life that angels have, and consequently of all the spiritual and celestial life that people in the world have, see the places referred to in 9548, 9684. Regarding more internal things, that they are higher ones and so are closer to the Lord, see 2148, 3084, 4599, 5146, 8325.

[6] The love and faith of a person who is being regenerated, and also of a person who has been regenerated, in like manner undergo changes of state by being raised to more internal things or let down to more external ones. But there are few who are able to reflect on this matter, because they are unaware of what thinking and willing within the internal man and within the external man are, or even of what the internal man is and what the external man is. Thinking and willing in the internal man implies doing so in heaven, for this is where the internal man is; but thinking and willing in the external man implies doing so in the world, for that is where the external man is. Therefore when love to God and faith resulting from it govern a person he functions in his internal man, since he is now up in heaven; but when his love and resulting faith are set in obscurity he functions in his external, since he is then down in the world.

[7] These states too are meant in the Word by 'morning', 'midday', 'evening', and 'night' or early morning twilight, as are states of the Church. The first state of the Church is likewise called 'morning' in the Word, the second state 'midday', the third 'evening', and the fourth or last 'night'. But when the Church has reached its night time, that is, when love to God and faith exist there no longer, morning emerges from twilight for another nation, where a new Church is established.

[8] For the situation with the Church in general is like that with a person in particular. His first state is a state of innocence, thus also one of love towards parents, nursemaid, and also children of his own age. His second state is a state of light, for when he becomes a youth he learns the things of light, that is, the truths of faith, and believes them. The third state is reached when he begins to love the world and to love himself, which happens when he becomes a young adult and when he thinks for himself; and to the extent that these loves increase, faith decreases, and together with faith charity towards the neighbour and love to God. The fourth and last state is reached when he has no interest in these, more so when he rejects them.

[9] Such states are also the states of every Church from its beginning to its end. Its first state is in like manner a state of early childhood, thus also one of innocence, and consequently of love to the Lord. This state is called 'morning'. The second state is a state of light. The third state is a state of light set in obscurity, which is that Church's 'evening'. And the fourth state is a state when there is no love nor consequently any light, which is its 'night'. This is so because evils increase daily; and to the extent that they increase, one person like a contagious disease infects another, especially parents their children. Furthermore hereditary evils are intensified by each succeeding generation and in that condition passed down.

[10] The fact that 'morning' means the first state of a Church and also a state of love is clear in Daniel,

The holy one said, For how long is this vision, the continual [burnt offering], and the desolating transgression? He said to me, Up to the evening, [when it is becoming] the morning, two thousand three hundred times; then the sanctuary will be made correct. Daniel 8:13-14.

This refers to the Lord's Coming. 'The evening' is the state of the Church before His Coming, but 'the morning' is the first state of the Church after His Coming, and in the highest sense it is the Lord Himself. The Lord is meant in the highest sense by 'the morning' because He is the Sun of heaven, and the Sun of heaven never sets but is always rising in the east. This also explains why the Lord is called 'the Rising' or 'the East', consequently 'the Morning' as well, see 101, 2405, 2780, 9668.

[11] In Isaiah,

One was calling to me from Seir, What of the night, what of the night, O watchman? The watchman said, Morning comes, and also the night. Isaiah 21:11-12.

'The watchman' is used to mean in the internal sense one who observes the states of the Church and the changes it undergoes, and so to mean every prophet. 'The night' is used to mean the final state of the Church, 'morning' its first state. 'Seir' from where the watchman calls means the enlightenment of nations who are in darkness, for which meaning of 'Seir', see 4240; and for that of 'the night' as the final state of the Church, 6000. 'Morning comes, and also the night' means that even though enlightenment comes to those who belong to the new Church, night remains with those who are in the old one. 'Morning' has the same meaning in David,

In the evening weeping will abide 1 , in the morning singing. Psalms 30:5.

And in Isaiah,

Around evening time, behold, terror! Before the morning, he is no more. Isaiah 17:14.

[12] Since 'the morning' in the highest sense means the Lord, and consequently love received from Him and offered back to Him, the manna, which was heavenly bread, rained down every morning, Exodus 16:8, 12-13, 21. For the Lord is meant by the bread which comes down from heaven, thus by the manna, see John 6:33, 35, 48, 50; and by 'the bread' heavenly or celestial love, which is love received from and offered back to the Lord, is meant, 2165, 2177, 3464, 4217, 4735, 5405, 5915, 9545. And it is because the Lord is the rising (or the east) and the morning, and because heavenly love comes wholly from Him, that He rose in the morning on the sabbath day, Mark 16:9 2 . Therefore also the day before the feast of Passover was called the evening or eve; for the feast of Passover was a sign of the Lord's presence and of His deliverance of faithful believers from damnation, 7867, 9286-9292.

[13] Anyone acquainted with the internal sense of the Word may recognize what is implied by Peter's denial of the Lord three times before the cock crowed twice, Matthew 26:34, 74-75; Mark 14:30, 68, 72; Luke 22:34, 60-61; John 18:27. For Peter represented the Church's faith, or what amounts to the same thing, the Church as regards faith. The time when the cock crowed meant the final period of the Church, a time of day which was also called 'cock-crow'. The triple denial meant a complete denial of the Lord at the end of the Church. That Peter represented the Church's faith, and so the Church as regards faith, see Prefaces to Genesis 18, 22, and also 3750, 4738; and that the words addressed to Peter [Matthew 26:34] meant that within the Church the Lord would be denied when it reached its final period, 6000, 6073(end), 10087. The Lord is denied when there is no longer any faith; and there is no faith when there is no longer any charity. 'Three' means what is complete, see 2788, 4495, 7715, 8347, 9198, 9488, 9489; and this is why Peter was told that he would deny three times. The fact that this happened in twilight, when morning was about to arrive, is clear in John 18:28; and the fact that cock-crow and early morning twilight are one and the same thing is evident in Mark,

Watch, for you do not know when the Master of the house will be coming - in the evening, or at midnight, or at cock-crow, or in the morning. Mark 13:35.

From all this it now becomes clear what 'the morning' means.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, will pass the night

2Mark 16:9 describes the Resurrection as occurring on the first day of the week.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.