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Levitico 4

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1 IL Signore parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo: Parla a’ figliuoli d’Israele, dicendo:

2 Quando alcuna persona avrà peccato per errore, e avrà fatta alcuna di tutte quelle cose che il Signore ha vietate di fare;

3 se il Sacerdote unto è quel che avrà peccato, onde il popolo sia renduto colpevole, offerisca al Signore per lo peccato suo, il quale egli avrà commesso, un giovenco senza difetto per sacrificio per lo peccato.

4 E adduca quel giovenco all’entrata del Tabernacolo della convenenza, davanti al Signore; e posi la mano in sul capo di esso, e scannisi nel cospetto del Signore.

5 Poi prenda il Sacerdote unto, del sangue del giovenco, e portilo dentro al Tabernacolo della convenenza.

6 E intinga il Sacerdote il dito in quel sangue sette volte nel cospetto del Signore, davanti alla Cortina del Santuario.

7 E metta il Sacerdote di quel sangue in su le corna dell’Altar de’ profumi degli aromati, che è nel Tabernacolo della convenenza, nel cospetto del Signore; e spanda tutto il rimanente del sangue del giovenco appiè dell’Altar degli olocausti, che è all’entrata del Tabernacolo della convenenza.

8 E levi dal giovenco del sacrificio per lo peccato tutto il grasso di esso; il grasso che copre l’interiora, e tutto il grasso che è sopra l’interiora;

9 e i due arnioni, e il grasso che è sopra essi, che è sopra i fianchi; levi parimente con gli arnioni la rete che è sopra il fegato;

10 come queste cose si levano dal bue del sacrificio da render grazie; e facciale il Sacerdote bruciare sopra l’Altar degli olocausti.

11 Ma, quant’è alla pelle del giovenco, e tutta la sua carne, insieme col capo, e con le gambe, e le sue interiora, e il suo sterco,

12 e tutto il giovenco, portilo fuor del campo, in luogo mondo, dove si versano le ceneri; e brucilo col fuoco sopra delle legne; brucisi là dove si versano le ceneri.

13 E se tutta la raunanza d’Israele ha peccato per errore, senza ch’ella se ne sia avveduta; e ha fatta alcuna di tutte quelle cose che il Signore ha vietate di fare; onde sia caduta in colpa;

14 quando il peccato, ch’ella avrà commesso, sarà venuto a notizia, offerisca la raunanza un giovenco, per sacrificio per lo peccato, ed adducalo davanti al Tabernacolo della convenenza.

15 E posino gli Anziani della raunanza le lor mani in sul capo di quel giovenco, nel cospetto del Signore; e scannisi quel giovenco davanti al Signore.

16 E porti il Sacerdote unto, del sangue del giovenco, dentro al Tabernacolo della convenenza.

17 E intinga il Sacerdote il dito in quel sangue, e spargane sette volte nel cospetto del Signore, davanti alla Cortina.

18 E metta di esso sangue sopra le corna dell’Altare, che è nel Tabernacolo della convenenza, davanti al Signore; e spanda tutto il rimanente del sangue, appiè dell’Altar degli olocausti, che è all’entrata del Tabernacolo della convenenza.

19 E levi da quel giovenco tutto il grasso, e faccialo bruciar sopra l’Altare.

20 E faccia di questo giovenco come ha fatto dell’altro giovenco offerto per lo suo peccato. E così farà il purgamento del peccato della raunanza, e le sarà perdonato.

21 Poi porti il giovenco fuor del campo, e brucilo, come ha bruciato il primo giovenco. Esso è sacrificio per lo peccato della raunanza.

22 Se alcuno de’ principali ha peccato, e ha, per errore, fatta alcuna di tutte quelle cose, che il Signore Iddio suo ha vietate di fare, onde sia caduto in colpa;

23 quando il suo peccato, ch’egli avrà commesso, gli sarà fatto conoscere, adduca, per la sua offerta, un becco, un maschio d’infra le capre, senza difetto.

24 E posi la mano sopra il capo di quel becco; e scannisi quello nel luogo dove si scannano gli olocausti, davanti al Signore. Esso è sacrificio per lo peccato.

25 E prenda il sacerdote del sangue di questo sacrificio per lo peccato, col dito, e mettalo sopra le corna dell’Altare degli olocausti; e spanda il rimanente del sangue di esso appiè dell’Altare degli olocausti.

26 E faccia bruciar tutto il grasso di quel becco sopra l’Altare, come il grasso del sacrificio da render grazie. E così il sacerdote farà il purgamento del peccato di esso, e gli sarà perdonato.

27 E se alcuno del comun popolo ha peccato per errore, e ha fatta alcuna delle cose che il Signore ha vietate di fare, onde sia caduto in colpa;

28 quando il suo peccato, ch’egli avrà commesso, gli sarà fatto conoscere, adduca, per la sua offerta, una femmina d’infra le capre, senza difetto, per sacrificio per lo suo peccato, che egli ha commesso.

29 E posi la mano in sul capo di quel sacrificio per lo peccato; e scannisi quello nel luogo degli olocausti.

30 Poi prenda il sacerdote del sangue di esso col dito, e mettalo in su le corna dell’Altare degli olocausti, e spanda tutto il rimanente del sangue di esso appiè dell’Altare.

31 E levine tutto il grasso, come si leva il grasso del sacrificio da render grazie; e faccia il sacerdote bruciar quel grasso sopra l’Altare, in odor soave al Signore. E così il sacerdote farà il purgamento del peccato di esso, e gli sarà perdonato.

32 E se pur colui adduce una pecora per sua offerta, per sacrificio per lo peccato, adducala femmina, senza difetto.

33 E posi la mano in sul capo del sacrificio per lo peccato; e scannisi quel sacrificio per lo peccato, nel luogo dove si scannano gli olocausti dell’Altare.

34 E levine tutto il grasso,

35 Poi prenda il sacerdote del sangue di quel sacrificio per lo peccato, col dito, e mettalo sopra le corna dell’Altare degli olocausti, e spanda tutto il rimanente del sangue di esso appiè come si leva il grasso della pecora del sacrificio da render grazie; e faccia il sacerdote bruciar quei grassi in su l’Altare, sopra le offerte che si fanno per fuoco al Signore. E così il sacerdote farà il purgamento del peccato di esso, il quale egli avrà commesso, e gli sarà perdonato.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Arcana Coelestia # 10208

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10208. 'And Aaron shall make expiation on its horns' means purification from evils by means of the truths of faith which spring from the good of love. This is clear from the meaning of 'making expiation' as purifying from evils, dealt with in 9506; from the representation of 'Aaron' as the Lord in respect of Divine Good, and in respect of the work of salvation, dealt with in 9806, 9946, 10017; and from the meaning of 'horns' as powers, dealt with in 10182, and also outer levels, 10186. The reason why purification by means of the truths of faith which spring from the good of love is meant is that expiation was made by means of blood, and 'blood' means the truth of faith emanating from the good of love, 4735, 7317, 7326, 7846, 7850, 7877, 9127, 9393, 10026, 10033, 10047; and all purification from evils is accomplished by means of the truths of faith that spring from the good of love, 2799, 5954(end), 7044, 7918, 9088. The fact that expiations were made by the blood on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and the altar of incense is clear in Leviticus 4:3, 7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 16:18.

[2] The altars were expiated in this way because holy things were polluted by the sins of the people. The people represented the Church; therefore those places which were the Church's, called its sanctuaries, such as the altar and the tent, together with their contents, were defiled whenever those people were guilty of sin; for those sanctuaries were places belonging to the Church. This is also made clear in Moses,

You shall separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness, in order that they may not die in their uncleanness when they pollute My dwelling-place which is in their midst. Leviticus 15:31.

And in another place,

Aaron shall expiate the holy place from the uncleanness of the children of Israel. Thus shall he expiate the holy sanctuary, and the tent of meeting, and the altar. Leviticus 16:16, 33.

[3] The implications of all this are that those things which are called the holy things of the Church are not holy unless they are received with holy respect; for unless they are received with that respect what is Divine does not flow into them. Anything holy that exists with people is holy only by virtue of what is Divine flowing into it; sacred shrines for example, the altars there, and the bread and wine for the Holy Supper are made holy solely by the presence of the Lord. Therefore if the Lord is unable to be present there on account of the people's sins, those things have no holiness because they lack what is Divine. Furthermore the holy things of the Church are rendered unholy by sins because sins take what is Divine away from them.

[4] This then is the reason why sanctuaries are said to have been polluted by the uncleanness of the people and why those places therefore had to be expiated annually. The reason why the expiations were made with blood on the horns of the altars and not on the altars themselves was that the horns were the extremities of them, and nothing of a person has been purified unless the extremities or what is outermost has been purified. For inner things flow into those that are outermost, but the state of the outermost conditions the inflow. Consequently if what is outermost has been perverted the things within become perverted; for when those inner things flow into outermost ones, the recipient forms into which they descend are conditioned by the state in which the outermost things exist. The situation is like that when the eye is in bad condition; the power of sight which comes from within sees things only as that eye-condition will allow. Or it is like that when the arms are in bad shape; the powers which come from within exert themselves only as that condition will allow. Consequently if the natural man has been perverted the spiritual lacks the opportunity to function properly within the natural man, and this is why the spiritual or internal man is closed.

[5] But see what has been shown already on these matters, namely the following;

If a person is to be purified the natural or external man must be purified, see the places referred to in 9325(end).

This is because the path that all influx takes is from the internal to the external, and not vice versa, 5119, 6322.

For it is on the natural level within a person that influx from the spiritual world reaches its destination, 5651.

The outward aspects of a person have been formed to serve the inward, 5947, 9216, 9828.

Thus the external man must be altogether subject to the internal, 5786, 6275, 6284, 6299.

This is because the internal man is in heaven and the external man is in the world, 3167, 10156.

And the external man by himself or left to himself alone acts contrary to the internal, 3913, 3928.

In addition to all this, see 9701-9709 stating what the internal man is and what the external man is.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 9806

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9806. 'And you, cause Aaron your brother to come near to you' means the joining of Divine Truth to Divine Good within the Lord's Divine Human. This is clear from the representation of Moses, the one here who was to cause Aaron to come near him, as the Lord in respect of Divine Truth, dealt with in 6752, 6771, 7014, 9372; from the meaning of 'drawing near' as a joining to and presence with, dealt with in 9378; from the representation of 'Aaron' as the Lord in respect of Divine Good, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'brother' as good, dealt with in 3303, 3803, 3815, 4121, 4191, 5686, 5692, 6756. From all this it is evident that the words telling Moses that he should cause Aaron his brother to come near to him mean the joining of Divine Truth to Divine Good within the Lord, the reason why within His Divine Human is meant being that this was where that joining together had to take place. For the Lord had first to make His Human Divine Truth, then afterwards Divine Good, see the places referred to in 9199, 9315. The reason why Aaron was chosen to serve in the priestly office was that he was Moses' brother, and in this way the brotherly relationship of Divine Truth and Divine Good in heaven was at the same time represented. For as stated above, Moses represented Divine Truth and Aaron Divine Good.

[2] Everything throughout creation, both in heaven and in the world, has connection with good and with truth, to the end that it may be something. For good is the inner being (Esse) of truth, and truth is the outward manifestation (Existere) of good. Good without truth therefore cannot manifest itself, and truth without good has no real being. From this it is evident that they must be joined together. In the Word the two joined together are represented by a married couple or by two brothers, by a married couple when the heavenly marriage - the marriage of good and truth - and the succeeding generations which spring from that marriage, are the subject, and by two brothers when two kinds of ministry, namely those of judgement and worship, are the subject. Those who served as ministers of judgement were called judges, and at a later time kings, whereas those who served as ministers of worship were called priests. And since all judgement is arrived at through truth and all worship springs from good, truth founded on good is meant in the Word by 'judges', in the abstract sense, in which no actual person is envisaged; but truth from which good results is meant by 'kings', and good itself by 'priests'. So it is that in the Word the Lord is called Judge, also Prophet, as well as King, in places where the subject has reference to truth, but Priest where it has reference to good. He is in like manner called Christ, Anointed, or Messiah in places where the subject has reference to truth, but Jesus or Saviour where it has reference to good.

[3] It was on account of this brotherly relationship of the truth which belongs to judgement and the good which belongs to worship that Aaron, brother of Moses, was chosen to serve in the priestly office. The fact that 'Aaron' and 'his house' because of this mean good is clear in David,

O Israel, trust in Jehovah! He is their help and their shield. O house of Aaron, trust in Jehovah! He is their help and their shield. Jehovah has remembered us, He blesses [us]. He will bless the house of Israel, He will bless the house of Aaron. Psalms 115:9-10, 12.

In the same author,

Let Israel now say that His mercy [endures] to eternity; let the house of Aaron now say that His mercy [endures] to eternity. Psalms 118:2-3.

In the same author,

O house of Israel, bless Jehovah! O house of Aaron, bless Jehovah! Psalms 135:19.

'The house of Israel' stands for those with whom truths exist, 'the house of Aaron' for those with whom forms of good are present; for in the Word wherever truth is the subject so too is good, on account of the heavenly marriage, 9263, 9314. For the meaning of 'the house of Israel' as those with whom truths exist, see 5414, 5879, 5951, 7956, 8234.

In the same author,

Jehovah sent Moses His servant, Aaron whom He chose. Psalms 105:26.

Moses is called a servant because 'servant' is used in regard to truths, 3409, whereas one chosen or elected has regard to good, 3755 (end).

[4] In the same author,

Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brothers to dwell also together! It is like the good oil upon the head running down onto the beard, the beard of Aaron, which runs down over the collar 1 of his garments. Psalms 133:1-3.

Anyone who does not know what 'brother' means, nor what 'oil', 'the head', 'the beard', and 'garments' mean, nor also what 'Aaron' represents, can have no understanding of why such things have been compared to brothers who dwell together. For what similarity is there between oil running from Aaron's head down onto his beard, then onto his garments, and the unanimity of brothers? But the similarity in the comparison is evident from the internal sense, in which the flow of good into truths is the subject and is described by their brotherliness. For 'the oil' means good, 'Aaron's head' the inmost level of good, 'the beard' the very outermost level of it, 'garments' truths, and 'running down' a flowing in. From this it is plain that those words mean the flow, from inner to outer levels, of good into truths, and a joining together there. Without the internal sense how can anyone see that those words hold these heavenly matters within them? For the meaning of 'oil' as the good of love, see 886, 4582, 4638, 9780, and for that of 'the head' as what is inmost, 5328, 6436, 7859, 9656. The fact that 'the beard' means what is the very outermost is evident in Isaiah 7:20; 15:2; Jeremiah 48:37; and Ezekiel 5:1. For the meaning of 'garments' as truths, 2576, 4545, 4763, 5319, 5954, 6914, 6917, 9093, 9212, 9216; and for the representation of 'Aaron' as celestial good, see above.

[5] Seeing that Aaron was chosen to serve in the priestly office, thus to administer the most sacred things, people can understand what the situation was with representations in the Jewish Church. No attention was paid to the person who represented, only to the thing represented by that person. Thus something holy, indeed most holy, could be represented by persons who were inwardly unclean, indeed idolatrous, provided that outwardly they had an air of holiness when engaged in worship. The fact that Aaron was one such person becomes clear from the following details in Moses,

Aaron took the gold from the hands of the children of Israel, and fashioned it with a chisel, and made out of it a molded calf. And Aaron built an altar in front of it, and Aaron made a proclamation and said, Tomorrow there will be a feast to Jehovah. Exodus 32:4-5, 25.

And elsewhere in the same author,

Jehovah was greatly moved with anger against Aaron and would have destroyed him; 2 but I prayed for Aaron also at that time. Deuteronomy 9:20.

As regards the representatives of the Church among the Israelite and Jewish nation, that no attention was paid to the persons, only to the actual things represented, see the places referred to in 9229.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, the mouth

2. literally, to destroy him

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.