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Levitico 10

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1 OR Nadab ed Abihu, figliuoli di Aaronne, presero ciascuno il suo turibolo, e vi posero dentro del fuoco, e vi misero su dell’incenso; e presentarono davanti al Signore del fuoco strano; il che egli non avea lor comandato.

2 E un fuoco uscì dal cospetto del Signore, il quale li divampò; ed essi morirono davanti al Signore.

3 E Mosè disse ad Aaronne: Quest’è pur quello che il Signore ha pronunziato, dicendo: Io sarò santificato ne’ miei più prossimi; e sarò glorificato in presenza di tutto il popolo. E Aaronne tacque.

4 E Mosè chiamò Misael ed Elsafan, figliuoli di Uzziel, zio di Aaronne, e disse loro: Accostatevi; portatene i vostri fratelli d’innanzi al Santuario fuor del campo.

5 Ed essi si accostarono, e li portarono via con le lor toniche, fuor del campo; come Mosè avea detto.

6 E Mosè disse ad Aaronne, e a Eleazar, e a Itamar, suoi figliuoli: Non andate a capo scoperto, e non vi sdrucite i vestimenti; acciocchè non muoiate, e ch’egli non si adiri contro a tutta la raunanza; ma piangano i vostri fratelli, tutta la casa d’Israele, l’arsione che il Signore ha fatta.

7 E non vi dipartite dall’entrata del Tabernacolo della convenenza, che talora non muoiate; perciocchè l’olio dell’Unzione del Signore è sopra voi. Ed essi fecero secondo la parola di Mosè.

8 E IL Signore parlò ad Aaronne, dicendo:

9 Non ber vino, nè cervogia, nè tu, nè i tuoi figliuoli, quando avrete ad entrar nel Tabernacolo della convenenza; acciocchè non muoiate. Sia questo uno statuto perpetuo per le vostre generazioni.

10 E ciò per poter discernere tra la cosa santa e la profana; e tra la cosa immonda e la monda;

11 e per insegnare a’ figliuoli d’Israele tutti gli statuti che il Signore ha loro dati per Mosè.

12 Poi Mosè parlò ad Aaronne, e a Eleazar, e a Itamar, suoi figliuoli, ch’erano rimasti, dicendo: Pigliate l’offerta di panatica ch’è rimasta dell’offerte fatte per fuoco al Signore, e mangiatela in pani azzimi appresso all’Altare; conciossiachè sia cosa santissima.

13 Mangiatela adunque in luogo santo; perciocchè è la parte ordinata per te, e per i tuoi figliuoli, delle offerte che si fanno per fuoco al Signore; perciocchè così mi è stato comandato.

14 Mangiate ancora il petto dell’offerta dimenata, e la spalla dell’offerta elevata, in luogo mondo, tu, e i tuoi figliuoli, e le tue figliuole, teco; perciocchè quelle sono state date a te, ed ai tuoi figliuoli, per parte vostra de’ sacrificii da render grazie de’ figliuoli d’Israele.

15 Portino essi la spalla dell’offerta elevata, e il petto dell’offerta dimenata, insieme co’ grassi che si hanno da ardere, acciocchè quelle cose sieno dimenate davanti al Signore, per offerta dimenata; e sieno di te, e de’ tuoi figliuoli teco, per istatuto perpetuo; come il Signore ha comandato.

16 Or Mosè cercò, e ricercò il becco del sacrificio per lo peccato; ed ecco, egli era stato bruciato; laonde si adirò gravemente contro ad Eleazar, e contro ad Itamar, figliuoli di Aaronne, ch’erano rimasti, dicendo:

17 Perchè non avete voi mangiato il sacrificio per lo peccato nel luogo santo? conciossiachè sia cosa santissima, e che il Signore ve l’abbia dato per portar l’iniquità della raunanza, per far purgamento de’ peccati di essa, nel cospetto del Signore.

18 Ecco, il sangue di esso non è stato portato dentro al Santuario; per l’innanzi adunque del tutto mangiatelo nel luogo santo, come io ho comandato.

19 E Aaronne disse a Mosè: Ecco, essi hanno oggi offerto il loro sacrificio per lo peccato, e il loro olocausto, davanti al Signore; e cotali cose mi sono avvenute; se dunque io avessi oggi mangiato del sacrificio per lo peccato, sarebbe ciò piaciuto al Signore?

20 E, quando Mosè ebbe udito questo, fu contento.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

Komentář

 

Iniquity, transgression and sin

  

In the Word three terms are used to refer to bad actions: transgression, iniquity, and sin. Transgression is the least bad. It means a violation of what is true in an external context, a violation of what is right and orderly. Iniquity is next and denotes acts that violate more interior truths. Sin is the worst. It is a violation of what is holy and righteous, a violation against the Lord. Sin is the deepest kind of evil. Regarding iniquity -- to be in charity, or live a life of charity is to live a life where the acts and thoughts that have top priority are those that have within them a love for the neighbor. Sometimes our love of self, our inborn desire to put ourselves first, is stronger than our charity and we do something for ourselves at the expense of our neighbor, or even do harm to our neighbor. Such an act, if our motive is selfish, is an iniquity.

(Odkazy: Arcana Coelestia 9156, 9965 [2-3])

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Arcana Coelestia # 9965

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9965. 'That they may not bear iniquity and die' means the elimination of the whole of worship. This is clear from the meaning of 'bearing the iniquity', when the subject is the priestly office of Aaron and his sons, as a removal or shifting away of falsities and evils with those who are governed by good derived from the Lord, dealt with above in 9937. But when it speaks of them 'bearing iniquity and dying' the elimination of the whole of worship is meant, see 9928; for the representative worship died because nothing of it appeared any longer in heaven. The situation in all this may become clear from what has been stated and shown above in 9959-9961. They also died when they did not act in accordance with the statutes, 1 as is evident from Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu, who were devoured by fire from heaven when they did not take the fire of the altar to burn incense but foreign 2 fire, Leviticus 10:1-2ff. 'The fire of the altar' represented God's love, thus love from the Lord, whereas 'foreign fire' represented love from hell. The elimination of worship was meant by their burning incense with this fire and their consequent death. For the meaning of 'fire' as love, see 5215, 6832, 7324, 7575, 7852.

[2] Many places in the Word state that they would bear iniquity when they did not do things in accordance with the statutes, and by this was meant damnation because sins had not been removed. Not that they themselves were condemned on account of disobeying the statutes. Rather by doing so they eliminated representative worship and in so doing represented the damnation of those who remain in their sins. For none are condemned because they fail in their performance of outward religious observances, only because of evils in the heart, thus because of failing in such observances as a result of evil in the heart. This is what 'bearing iniquity' means in the following places: In Moses,

If a soul sins and acts against any of Jehovah's commandments regarding what ought not to be done, 3 though he does not know it, yet he will be guilty and will bear his iniquity. Leviticus 5:17-18.

Here the retention of evils and consequent damnation should not be understood literally by 'bearing iniquity', although that is the spiritual meaning; for it says 'though he does not know it', implying that what the person has done does not spring from evil in the heart.

[3] In the same author,

If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, the one offering it will not be accepted. It is an abomination, and the soul that eats it will bear his iniquity, and will be cut off from his people. Leviticus 7:18; 19:7-8.

Here also 'bearing iniquity' means remaining in his sins and being as a result in a state of damnation. It does so not because the person ate some of his sacrifice on the third day, but because 'eating it on the third day' represented something abominable, namely an action leading to damnation. Thus 'bearing iniquity and being cut off from his people' represented the damnation of those who performed the abomination meant by that deed. Nevertheless there was no condemnation on account of his having eaten it, for interior evils that were represented are what condemn, not exterior actions in which those evils are not present.

[4] In the same author,

Every soul who eats a carcass 4 or that which has been torn, and does not wash his clothes and bathe his flesh shall bear his iniquity. Leviticus 17:15-16.

Since 'eating a carcass or that which has been torn' represented making evil or falsity one's own, the expression 'bearing iniquity' also has a representative meaning. In the same author,

If a man who is clean fails to keep the Passover, this soul shall be cut off from his people, because he did not bring the offering of Jehovah at its appointed time; he shall bear his sin. Numbers 9:13.

'The Passover' represented deliverance by the Lord from damnation, 7093 (end), 7867, 7995, 9286-9292; and 'the Passover supper' represented being joined to the Lord through the good of love, 7836, 7997, 8001. And since these things were represented it was decreed that anyone who did not keep the Passover should be cut off from his people and that he should bear his sin. The failure to keep it was not really so great a crime; rather it represented those who at heart refuse to accept the Lord and consequently deliverance from sins, and so who have no wish to be joined to Him through love. Thus it represented their damnation.

[5] In the same author,

The children of Israel shall not come near the tent of meeting, or else they will bear iniquity and die. 5 Levites shall perform the work of the tent of meeting, and these shall bear the iniquity. Numbers 18:22-23.

The reason why the people would bear iniquity and die if they were to go near the tent of meeting to do the work there was that they would thereby eliminate the representative worship assigned to the function of the priests. The function of the priests or the priestly office represented the Lord's entire work of salvation, 9809; and this is why it says that the Levites, who also were priests, should bear the people's iniquity, by which expiation or atonement was meant, that is, removal from evils and falsities with those who are governed by good derived from the Lord alone, 9937. 'Bearing iniquity' means real damnation when this expression is used in reference to those who perform evil deeds because their heart is evil, such as those mentioned in Leviticus 20:17, 19-20; 24:15-16; Ezekiel 18:20; 23:49; and elsewhere.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. i.e. the laws of worship; see 8972.

2. i.e. unauthorized or profane

3. literally, and does one of [all] Jehovah's commandments [about] things which ought not to be done

4. i.e. an animal that had not been slaughtered but had died naturally

5. literally, to bear iniquity, dying

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.