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Giudici 10

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1 ORA, dopo Abimelec, surse, per liberare Israele, Tola, figliuolo di Pua, figliuolo di Dodo, uomo d’Issacar, il quale dimorava in Samir, nel monte di Efraim.

2 Ed egli giudicò Israele ventitrè anni; poi morì, e fu seppellito in Samir.

3 E, dopo lui, surse Iair, Galaadita, il quale giudicò Israele ventidue anni.

4 Ed esso ebbe trenta figliuoli, i quali cavalcavano trent’asinelli, e aveano trenta città, che si chiamano fino ad oggi le Villate di Iair,

5 le quali sono nel paese di Galaad. Poi Iair morì, e fu seppellito in Camon.

6 E I figliuoli d’Israele continuarono a far ciò che dispiace al Signore, e servirono a’ Baali, e ad Astarot, e agli iddii di Siria, e agl’iddii di Sidon, e agl’iddii di Moab, e agl’iddii de’ figliuoli di Ammon, e agl’iddii de’ Filistei; e abbandonarono il Signore, e non gli servivano più.

7 Laonde l’ira del Signore si accese contro ad Israele; ed egli lo vendè nelle mani de’ Filistei, e nelle mani dei figliuoli di Ammon.

8 E in quell’anno, ch’era il diciottesimo, quelli afflissero ed oppressarono i figliuoli d’Israele, cioè tutti i figliuoli d’Israele ch’erano di là dal Giordano, nel paese degli Amorrei, ch’è in Galaad.

9 E i figliuoli di Ammon passarono il Giordano, per combattere eziandio contro a Giuda, e contro a Beniamino, e contro alla casa di Efraim; onde Israele fu grandemente distretto.

10 Allora i figliuoli d’Israele gridarono al Signore, dicendo: Noi abbiamo peccato contro a te; conciossiachè abbiamo abbandonato il nostro Dio, e abbiamo servito a’ Baali.

11 E il Signore disse a’ figliuoli d’Israele: Quando voi avete gridato a me, non vi ho io salvati dalle mani degli Egizi, e degli Amorrei, e de’ figliuoli di Ammon, e de’ Filistei,

12 e de’ Sidonii, e degli Amalechiti, e dei Maoniti, i quali vi oppressavano?

13 Ma voi mi avete abbandonato, ed avete servito ad altri dii; perciò, io non vi libererò più.

14 Andate, e gridate agl’iddii che avete scelti; salvinvi essi al tempo della vostra angoscia.

15 Ma i figliuoli d’Israele dissero al Signore: Noi abbiamo peccato; facci tu tutto quello che ti piacerà; sol ti preghiamo che tu ci liberi oggi.

16 Allora tolsero gl’iddii degli stranieri del mezzo di loro, e servirono al Signore; ed egli si accorò l’animo per lo travaglio d’Israele.

17 Or i figliuoli di Ammon si adunarono a grida, e si accamparono in Galaad. I figliuoli d’Israele si adunarono anch’essi, e si accamparono in Mispa.

18 E il popolo, cioè i principali di Galaad, dissero gli uni agli altri: Chi sarà l’uomo che comincerà a combattere contro a’ figliuoli di Ammon? esso sarà capo a tutti gli abitanti di Galaad.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 10

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 10: Tola, Jair; Israel oppressed again.

This chapter opens by mentioning the judges Tola and Jair, who judged for twenty-three years and twenty-two years, respectively. The text gives us very little information about them, except that Jair had thirty sons, who rode on thirty donkeys and had thirty cities in the land of Gilead.

After Jair died, the people soon disobeyed the Lord, and worshipped the gods of Syria, Sidon, Moab, Philistia, and Ammon. This provoked the Lord’s anger, so He caused the Philistines and Ammonites to oppress Israel. The Ammonites first attacked the two-and-a-half tribes living on the eastern side of the Jordan, then crossed the river to attack Judah, Benjamin and Ephraim.

The people cried out to the Lord, saying that they had forsaken Him, but He told them to go to the other gods they had chosen. However, the people asked again for forgiveness, stopped worshipping foreign gods, and turned back to the Lord, so His anger toward them subsided.

*****

This chapter describes another episode in Israel’s cycle of disobedience and punishment, in which the people repeatedly turn away from the Lord when there is no leader. No matter how often we affirm our faith in the Lord, we, too, will default to our natural desires and false thinking. As we come to recognize and accept this fact of life, we can find comfort in the Lord. He understands this completely, and does not blame or punish us.

The first judge mentioned is Tola. His name means “a worm-like grub”, suggesting the idea of metamorphosis and regeneration (see Swedenborg’s work, True Christian Religion 106[2]). Tola’s father was Puah (meaning “shining”), his grandfather was Dodo (meaning “amorous, loving”), and their city was Shamir (which means “keeping the commandment”). These names bring to mind the spiritual qualities of truth, love and life in the Lord (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 977).

The next judge is Jair, whose name means ”he whom God enlightens”. The number thirty (used in reference to his thirty sons and their thirty towns) means fullness or readiness. This readiness refers to our spiritual ‘remains’, or states of innocence and charity that the Lord imparts to us during childhood. These remains are essential during regeneration (Arcana Caelestia 1050).

The Philistines, soon to be a major enemy of Israel, stand for the belief in “faith alone” salvation. This way of thinking instills the idea that we will be saved if we “believe in the Lord”, regardless of our actions. “Faith alone” doctrine is present in many religious practices (see Swedenborg’s work, Doctrine of Life 4).

The people of Ammon stand for profaning what is true, by turning the truths of the Word into false ideas. We profane the truth when we claim to know what the Word teaches, but live in a way that is contrary to the Lord’s commandments (Arcana Caelestia 6348[3]).

This chapter, like many others in the book of Judges, shows Israel’s decline into chaos and evil. The two judges, Tola and Jair, provide a picture of spiritual integrity, in contrast with Israel’s oppression by the very evils they have turned to. In our regeneration, with its highs and lows, we must avoid the temptation of shallow faith by acting according to our values.

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Arcana Coelestia # 977

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977. THE INTERNAL SENSE

The subject here being the regenerate person, let a brief discussion follow of the nature of a person who is regenerate in contrast to someone who is not. From this contrast the nature of each one may be known. With the regenerate person there is a conscience concerning what is good and true. From conscience he does what is good and from conscience thinks what is true. The good he does is the good of charity, and the truth he thinks is the truth of faith. With one who is not regenerate there is no conscience. If there is any it is not a conscience about doing good stemming from charity or for thinking truth deriving from faith. Instead it derives from some love involving self or the world, and is therefore a conscience that is false, or not genuine. With the regenerate person there is joy in performing anything according to conscience but anxiety when compelled to perform or think anything contrary to it, which is not the case with someone who is not regenerate. Most people do not know what conscience is, still less what performing anything according to conscience or contrary to conscience is. They know only of performing it in accordance with things favouring their own loves, which for them is the source of joy, while acting contrary to those things brings them anxiety.

[2] With the regenerate person there is a new will and a new understanding. This new will and new understanding are his conscience - that is, they comprise his conscience, by means of which the Lord works the good that stems from charity, and the truth of faith. With someone who is not regenerate there is no will but instead evil desire, and a resulting inclination towards all that is evil. Nor is there any understanding, only reasoning and a resulting decline into all that is false. With the regenerate person there is celestial and spiritual life, but with someone who is not regenerate only bodily and worldly life. Man's ability to think and to understand what good and truth are comes from the Lord's life by way of remnants, mentioned previously. And this also gives him the ability to reflect.

[3] With the regenerate person the internal man is master and the external the servant, but with someone who is not regenerate the external man is master, and the internal remains quiescent as though non-existent. The regenerate person knows, or is capable of knowing if he reflects on the matter, what the internal man is and what the external, whereas someone who is not regenerate is totally ignorant on the subject. Nor is he capable of knowing even if he did reflect on the matter, for he does not know what the good and truth of faith deriving from charity are. These contrasts show the nature of a person who is regenerate and of someone who is not, and that the difference between them is like that of summer and winter, or of bright light and thick darkness. Consequently the regenerate is a living man, while the unregenerate is a dead man.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.