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Giudici 10

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1 ORA, dopo Abimelec, surse, per liberare Israele, Tola, figliuolo di Pua, figliuolo di Dodo, uomo d’Issacar, il quale dimorava in Samir, nel monte di Efraim.

2 Ed egli giudicò Israele ventitrè anni; poi morì, e fu seppellito in Samir.

3 E, dopo lui, surse Iair, Galaadita, il quale giudicò Israele ventidue anni.

4 Ed esso ebbe trenta figliuoli, i quali cavalcavano trent’asinelli, e aveano trenta città, che si chiamano fino ad oggi le Villate di Iair,

5 le quali sono nel paese di Galaad. Poi Iair morì, e fu seppellito in Camon.

6 E I figliuoli d’Israele continuarono a far ciò che dispiace al Signore, e servirono a’ Baali, e ad Astarot, e agli iddii di Siria, e agl’iddii di Sidon, e agl’iddii di Moab, e agl’iddii de’ figliuoli di Ammon, e agl’iddii de’ Filistei; e abbandonarono il Signore, e non gli servivano più.

7 Laonde l’ira del Signore si accese contro ad Israele; ed egli lo vendè nelle mani de’ Filistei, e nelle mani dei figliuoli di Ammon.

8 E in quell’anno, ch’era il diciottesimo, quelli afflissero ed oppressarono i figliuoli d’Israele, cioè tutti i figliuoli d’Israele ch’erano di là dal Giordano, nel paese degli Amorrei, ch’è in Galaad.

9 E i figliuoli di Ammon passarono il Giordano, per combattere eziandio contro a Giuda, e contro a Beniamino, e contro alla casa di Efraim; onde Israele fu grandemente distretto.

10 Allora i figliuoli d’Israele gridarono al Signore, dicendo: Noi abbiamo peccato contro a te; conciossiachè abbiamo abbandonato il nostro Dio, e abbiamo servito a’ Baali.

11 E il Signore disse a’ figliuoli d’Israele: Quando voi avete gridato a me, non vi ho io salvati dalle mani degli Egizi, e degli Amorrei, e de’ figliuoli di Ammon, e de’ Filistei,

12 e de’ Sidonii, e degli Amalechiti, e dei Maoniti, i quali vi oppressavano?

13 Ma voi mi avete abbandonato, ed avete servito ad altri dii; perciò, io non vi libererò più.

14 Andate, e gridate agl’iddii che avete scelti; salvinvi essi al tempo della vostra angoscia.

15 Ma i figliuoli d’Israele dissero al Signore: Noi abbiamo peccato; facci tu tutto quello che ti piacerà; sol ti preghiamo che tu ci liberi oggi.

16 Allora tolsero gl’iddii degli stranieri del mezzo di loro, e servirono al Signore; ed egli si accorò l’animo per lo travaglio d’Israele.

17 Or i figliuoli di Ammon si adunarono a grida, e si accamparono in Galaad. I figliuoli d’Israele si adunarono anch’essi, e si accamparono in Mispa.

18 E il popolo, cioè i principali di Galaad, dissero gli uni agli altri: Chi sarà l’uomo che comincerà a combattere contro a’ figliuoli di Ammon? esso sarà capo a tutti gli abitanti di Galaad.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 10

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 10: Tola, Jair; Israel oppressed again.

This chapter opens by mentioning the judges Tola and Jair, who judged for twenty-three years and twenty-two years, respectively. The text gives us very little information about them, except that Jair had thirty sons, who rode on thirty donkeys and had thirty cities in the land of Gilead.

After Jair died, the people soon disobeyed the Lord, and worshipped the gods of Syria, Sidon, Moab, Philistia, and Ammon. This provoked the Lord’s anger, so He caused the Philistines and Ammonites to oppress Israel. The Ammonites first attacked the two-and-a-half tribes living on the eastern side of the Jordan, then crossed the river to attack Judah, Benjamin and Ephraim.

The people cried out to the Lord, saying that they had forsaken Him, but He told them to go to the other gods they had chosen. However, the people asked again for forgiveness, stopped worshipping foreign gods, and turned back to the Lord, so His anger toward them subsided.

*****

This chapter describes another episode in Israel’s cycle of disobedience and punishment, in which the people repeatedly turn away from the Lord when there is no leader. No matter how often we affirm our faith in the Lord, we, too, will default to our natural desires and false thinking. As we come to recognize and accept this fact of life, we can find comfort in the Lord. He understands this completely, and does not blame or punish us.

The first judge mentioned is Tola. His name means “a worm-like grub”, suggesting the idea of metamorphosis and regeneration (see Swedenborg’s work, True Christian Religion 106[2]). Tola’s father was Puah (meaning “shining”), his grandfather was Dodo (meaning “amorous, loving”), and their city was Shamir (which means “keeping the commandment”). These names bring to mind the spiritual qualities of truth, love and life in the Lord (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 977).

The next judge is Jair, whose name means ”he whom God enlightens”. The number thirty (used in reference to his thirty sons and their thirty towns) means fullness or readiness. This readiness refers to our spiritual ‘remains’, or states of innocence and charity that the Lord imparts to us during childhood. These remains are essential during regeneration (Arcana Caelestia 1050).

The Philistines, soon to be a major enemy of Israel, stand for the belief in “faith alone” salvation. This way of thinking instills the idea that we will be saved if we “believe in the Lord”, regardless of our actions. “Faith alone” doctrine is present in many religious practices (see Swedenborg’s work, Doctrine of Life 4).

The people of Ammon stand for profaning what is true, by turning the truths of the Word into false ideas. We profane the truth when we claim to know what the Word teaches, but live in a way that is contrary to the Lord’s commandments (Arcana Caelestia 6348[3]).

This chapter, like many others in the book of Judges, shows Israel’s decline into chaos and evil. The two judges, Tola and Jair, provide a picture of spiritual integrity, in contrast with Israel’s oppression by the very evils they have turned to. In our regeneration, with its highs and lows, we must avoid the temptation of shallow faith by acting according to our values.

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Arcana Coelestia # 576

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576. That the number ten means remnants, just as tenths do, becomes clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

Many houses will be a desolation, large and beautiful ones, without inhabitant, for ten acres of vineyard will yield but one bath, and a homer of seed will yield an ephah. Isaiah 5:9-10.

This refers to the vastation of spiritual and celestial things. 'Ten acres of vineyard will yield but one bath' stands for remnants of spiritual things being so few, while 'a homer of seed will yield an ephah' stands for remnants of celestial things being so few. In the same prophet,

And there will be many forsaken places in the midst of the land; and yet there will be a tenth part in it, and this will return; it will be however an uprooting. Isaiah 6:12-13.

'The midst of the land' stands for the internal man, 'a tenth part' for such a small quantity of remnants. In Ezekiel,

You shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath. The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, the bath containing a tenth of a homer; and the ephah a tenth of a homer, the measure for it shall be after the homer. And the fixed portion of oil, of the bath of oil, shall be a tenth of a bath from a cor, which is ten baths to the homer; for ten baths are a homer. Ezekiel 45:10-11, 14.

The quantities mentioned here relate to holy things, which are Jehovah's. They mean different kinds of holy things. 'Ten' here means remnants of celestial things and so of spiritual things. For what are the specific numerical quantities mentioned in this and in previous chapters of this prophet where the heavenly Jerusalem and the new Temple are the subject, and in other prophets, and also in the various rites of the Jewish Church, if they do not contain sacred arcana?

[2] In Amos,

She has fallen, no more to rise, the virgin of Israel. Thus said the Lord Jehovah, The city that goes forth a thousand will have remnants of a hundred, and that which goes forth a hundred will have remnants of ten to the house of Israel. Amos 5:2-3.

The word 'remnants' is used here, of which only a fraction will remain, for this is only a tenth part, or the remnants of remnants. In the same prophet,

I hate the pride of Jacob and his palaces, and I will shut up the city and all that is in it. And it will be that if ten men will have remained in one house, they will die. Amos 6:8-9.

'Ten' stands for remnants that are not likely to remain. In Moses,

The Ammonite and the Moabite shall not come into the assembly of Jehovah; even the tenth generation belonging to them shall not come into the assembly of Jehovah forever. Deuteronomy 23:3.

'The Ammonite and the Moabite' stands for the profanation of the celestial and the spiritual things of faith, the remnants of which have been dealt with already.

[3] From this it is clear that 'tenths' represents remnants, of which Malachi speaks as follows,

Bring all the tithes 1 to the treasure-house, that there may be plunder in My house, and let them put Me to the test in this matter whether I will not open for you the windows of heaven and pour out a blessing for you. Malachi 3:10.

'That there may be plunder in My house stands for remnants in the internal man, which are likened to 'plunder' because they are implanted, so to speak, by stealth among so many evils and falsities; and by way of such remnants comes every blessing. The fact that the whole of a person's charity comes to him by way of the remnants that are in the internal man was also represented in the Jewish Church by the requirement that once they had paid their tithes, 1 they were then to give to the Levite, the stranger, the orphan, and the widow, Deuteronomy 26:12 and following verses.

[4] Since remnants are the Lord' s alone, tenths are therefore called 'Holiness to Jehovah', and are spoken of in Moses as follows,

All the tithes 1 of the land - of the seed of the land, of the fruit of the tree - are Jehovah's; they are Holiness to Jehovah. All tithes 1 of the herd and of the flock, every tenth one that passes under the (herdsman's) staff shall be Holiness to Jehovah. Leviticus 27:30, 32.

Since the Decalogue consisted of Ten Commandments, or Ten Words, and Jehovah wrote them on tablets, Deuteronomy 10:4, remnants are meant; and the fact that they were written by the hand of Jehovah means that such remnants are the Lord's alone. Their presence in the internal man was represented by the tablets.

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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.