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1 Mose 29

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1 Da hob Jakob seine Füße auf und ging in das Land, das gegen Morgen liegt,

2 und sah sich um, und siehe, da war ein Brunnen auf dem Felde, und siehe, drei Herden Schafe lagen dabei; denn von dem Brunnen pflegten sie die Herden zu tränken, und ein großer Stein lag vor dem Loch des Brunnens.

3 Und sie pflegten die Herden alle daselbst zu versammeln und den Stein von dem Brunnenloch zu wälzen und die Schafe zu tränken und taten alsdann den Stein wieder vor das Loch an seine Stätte.

4 Und Jakob sprach zu ihnen: Liebe Brüder, wo seid ihr her? Sie antworteten: Wir sind von Haran.

5 Er sprach zu ihnen: Kennt ihr auch Laban, den Sohn Nahors? Sie antworteten: Wir kennen ihn wohl.

6 Er sprach: Geht es ihm auch wohl? Sie antworteten: Es geht ihm wohl; und siehe, da kommt seine Tochter Rahel mit den Schafen.

7 Er sprach: Es ist noch hoher Tag und ist noch nicht Zeit das Vieh einzutreiben; tränkt doch die Schafe und geht hin und weidet sie.

8 Sie antworteten: Wir können nicht, bis daß alle Herden zusammengebracht werden und wir den Stein von des Brunnens Loch wälzen und also die Schafe tränken.

9 Als er noch mit ihnen redete, kam Rahel mit den Schafen ihres Vaters; denn sie hütete die Schafe.

10 Da aber Jakob sah Rahel, die Tochter Labans, des Bruders seiner Mutter, und die Schafe Labans, des Bruders seiner Mutter, trat er hinzu und wälzte den Stein von dem Loch des Brunnens und tränkte die Schafe Labans, des Bruders seiner Mutter.

11 Und er küßte Rahel und weinte laut

12 und sagte ihr an, daß er ihres Vaters Bruder wäre und Rebekkas Sohn. Da lief sie und sagte es ihrem Vater an.

13 Da aber Laban hörte von Jakob, seiner Schwester Sohn, lief er ihm entgegen und herzte und küßte ihn und führte ihn in sein Haus. Da erzählte er dem Laban alle diese Sachen.

14 Da sprach Laban zu ihm: Wohlan, du bist mein Bein und mein Fleisch. Und da er einen Monat lang bei ihm gewesen war,

15 sprach Laban zu Jakob: Wiewohl du mein Bruder bist, solltest du mir darum umsonst dienen? Sage an, was soll dein Lohn sein?

16 Laban aber hatte zwei Töchter; die ältere hieß Lea und die jüngere Rahel.

17 Aber Lea hatte ein blödes Gesicht, Rahel war hübsch und schön.

18 Und Jakob gewann die Rahel lieb und sprach: Ich will dir sieben Jahre um Rahel, deine jüngere Tochter, dienen.

19 Laban antwortete: Es ist besser, ich gebe sie dir als einem andern; bleibe bei mir.

20 Also diente Jakob um Rahel sieben Jahre, und sie deuchten ihn, als wären's einzelne Tage, so lieb hatte er sie.

21 Und Jakob sprach zu Laban: Gib mir nun mein Weib, denn die Zeit ist hier, daß ich zu ihr gehe.

22 Da lud Laban alle Leute des Orts und machte ein Hochzeitsmahl.

23 Des Abends aber nahm er seine Tochter Lea und brachte sie zu ihm; und er ging zu ihr.

24 Und Laban gab seiner Tochter Lea seine Magd Silpa zur Magd.

25 Des Morgens aber, siehe, da war es Lea. Und er sprach zu Laban: Warum hast du mir das getan? Habe ich dir nicht um Rahel gedient? Warum hast du mich denn betrogen?

26 Laban antwortete: Es ist nicht Sitte in unserm lande, daß man die jüngere ausgebe vor der älteren.

27 Halte mit dieser die Woche aus, so will ich dir diese auch geben um den Dienst, den du bei mir noch andere sieben Jahre dienen sollst.

28 Jakob tat also und hielt die Woche aus. Da gab ihm Laban Rahel, seine Tochter, zum Weibe

29 und gab seiner Tochter Rahel seine Magd Bilha zur Magd.

30 Also ging er auch zu Rahel ein, und hatte Rahel lieber als Lea; und diente bei ihm fürder die andern sieben Jahre.

31 Da aber der HERR sah, daß Lea unwert war, machte er sie fruchtbar; Rahel aber war unfruchtbar.

32 Und Lea ward schwanger und gebar einen Sohn; den hieß sie Ruben, und sprach: Der HERR hat angesehen mein Elend; nun wird mich mein Mann liebhaben.

33 Und ward abermals schwanger und gebar einen Sohn und sprach: Der HERR hat gehört, daß ich unwert bin, und hat mir diesen auch gegeben. Und sie hieß ihn Simeon.

34 Abermals ward sie schwanger und gebar einen Sohn und sprach: Nun wird mein Mann mir doch zugetan sein, denn ich habe ihm drei Söhne geboren. Darum hieß sie ihn Levi.

35 Zum vierten ward sie schwanger und gebar einen Sohn und sprach: Nun will ich dem HERRN danken. Darum hieß sie ihn Juda. Und hörte auf, Kinder zu gebären.

   

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Jacob or Israel (the man)

  

Jacob is told twice that his name will now be Israel. The first time is when he wrestles with an angel on his journey to meet Esau, and the angel tells him that his name will be changed. After he is reconciled with Esau, they go their separate ways. Jacob moves to Shechem and then on to Bethel, where he builds an altar to the Lord. The Lord appears to him there, renews the covenant He first made with Abraham and again tells him that his name will be Israel (Genesis 35). The story goes on to tell of Benjamin's birth and Rachel's death in bearing him, and then of Jacob's return to Isaac and Isaac's death and burial. But at that point the main thread of the story leaves Israel and turns to Joseph, and Israel is hardly mentioned until after Joseph has risen to power in Egypt, has revealed himself to his brothers and tells them to bring all of their father's household down to Egypt. There, before Israel dies, he blesses Joseph's sons, plus all his own sons. After his death he is returned to the land of Canaan for burial in Abraham's tomb. In the story of Jacob and Esau, Jacob represents truth, and Esau good. Jacob's stay in Padan-Aram, and the wealth he acquired there, represent learning the truths of scripture, just as we learn when we read the Ten Commandments or the Sermon on the Mount. The change of name from Jacob to Israel represents the realization that what we learn should not simply be knowledge, but should be the rules of our life, to be followed by action. This action is the good that Esau has represented in the story up to that time, but after the reconciliation between Jacob and Esau, Jacob as Israel now represents the truth and the good, together. It is interesting that even after his name change Jacob is rarely called Israel. Sometimes he is called one and sometimes the other, and sometimes he is called both Jacob and Israel in the same verse (Genesis 46:2, 5, & 8 also Psalm 14:7). This is because Jacob represents the external person and Israel the internal person, and even after the internal person comes into being, we spend much of our lives living on the external level.

(Odkazy: Arcana Coelestia 4274, 4292, 4570, 5595, 6225, 6256, Genesis 2:5, 46:8)

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Arcana Coelestia # 4292

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4292. In the internal historical sense 'he said, Your name will no longer be called Jacob, but Israel' means that they could not as [the descendants of] Jacob play the representative part, except by virtue of the new nature that was imparted to them. This becomes clear from the meaning of 'Jacob' in the Word as his descendants, dealt with above in 4281, and from the meaning of 'name' as the essential nature, dealt with immediately above in 4291. The new nature itself is meant by 'Israel' in the internal sense, for 'Israel' is the celestial-spiritual man and consequently the internal man, 4286. And since 'Israel' means the celestial-spiritual man, and so the internal man, 'Israel' also means the internal spiritual Church. For whether you use the expression spiritual man or spiritual Church, it amounts to the same thing because any spiritual person in particular is the Church, even as many are in general. If the individual person in particular were not the Church, no Church in general could exist. The expression Church is used in everyday language to describe a congregation in general; but each member of the congregation must be a Church if that greater Church is to exist. Every general whole incorporates parts that are like that whole.

[2] The implications of this particular matter - the inability of [the descendants on Jacob to play the representative part, except by virtue of the new nature imparted to them, meant by 'Israel' - are as follows: It was specifically Jacob's descendants who were to represent the Church but not specifically Isaac's since Isaac's descended not only through Jacob but also through Esau. Still less was it specifically Abraham's, for Abraham's descended not only through Jacob but also through Esau, and likewise through Ishmael, as well as through his sons by his second wife Keturah, who were Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah, and the sons of these, see Genesis 25:1-4. Now because Jacob's descendants insisted that they should be representative, as shown just above in 4290, they could not represent as Jacob, or as Isaac, or as Abraham. The reason why they could not do so as Jacob was that 'Jacob' represented the external aspect of the Church, but not the internal. And they could not do so as Isaac at the same time or as Abraham at the same time for the reason advanced immediately above.

[3] So that they could represent the Church therefore, a new name had inevitably to be given to Jacob, and through that name a new nature, which new nature was to be a sign of the internal spiritual man, or what amounts to the same, of the internal spiritual Church. That new nature is meant by 'Israel'. Every Church of the Lord is internal and external, as has been shown several times already, the internal Church being that which is represented, the external that which represents. The internal Church is also either spiritual or else celestial, the internal spiritual Church being represented by 'Israel', but the internal celestial Church at a later time by 'Judah'. Therefore a division also took place, and the Israelites became a kingdom on their own and the Jews another on their own. But these matters will in the Lord's Divine mercy be discussed later on. From this it is evident that 'Jacob', that is, Jacob's descendants, could not represent the Church as Jacob, for that would have been to represent solely the external aspect of the Church. They had to do so as Israel as well because 'Israel' is the internal aspect.

[4] It has been shown in various places already that it is the internal which is represented and the external which represents, as may also be seen in the human being. A person's speech represents his thought, and a person's action represents his will. Speech and action are the external aspects of the person, thought and will the internal. In addition the various looks seen on a person's face represent both, that is to say, both his thought and his will. It is well known to everyone that the looks on a person's face are representative, for the looks on the faces of people who are sincere enable their interior states to be seen. In short, every part of the body represents some facet of a person's inclination (animus) and mind (mens).

[5] It is similar with the external aspects of the Church, for these are like the body, while its internal aspects are like the soul. There were, for example, the altars and the sacrifices on them, which, as is well known, were external things. There was likewise the bread of the presence, also the lampstand with its lamps, as well as the fire that was kept burning all the time. Anyone can recognize that these external things represented internal ones, as likewise did everything else of a ritual nature. The fact that these external things could not represent anything external, only what was internal, becomes clear from the considerations introduced already. So 'Jacob' could not represent as Jacob, because 'Jacob' means the external aspect of the Church, but he could do so as Israel because 'Israel' means its internal aspect. This is what is meant by a new nature being imparted to enable the descendants of Jacob to play the representative part.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.