Bible

 

3 Mose 16

Studie

   

1 Und der HERR redete mit Mose (nachdem die zween Söhne Aarons gestorben waren, da sie vor dem HERRN opferten)

2 und sprach: Sage deinem Bruder Aaron, daß er nicht allerlei Zeit in das inwendige Heiligtum gehe hinter dem Vorhang vor dem Gnadenstuhl, der auf der Lade ist, daß er nicht sterbe; denn ich will in einer Wolke erscheinen auf dem Gnadenstuhl.

3 Sondern damit soll er hineingehen: mit einem jungen Farren zum Sündopfer und mit einem Widder zum Brandopfer.

4 Und soll den heiligen leinenen Rock anlegen und leinen Niederwand an seinem Fleisch haben und sich mit einem leinenen Gürtel gürten und den leinenen Hut aufhaben; denn das sind die heiligen Kleider; und soll sein Fleisch mit Wasser baden und sie anlegen.

5 Und soll von der Gemeine der Kinder Israel zween Ziegenböcke nehmen zum Sündopfer und einen Widder zum Brandopfer.

6 Und Aaron soll den Farren, sein Sündopfer, herzubringen und sich und sein Haus versöhnen;

7 und danach die zween Böcke nehmen und vor den HERRN stellen vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts.

8 Und soll das Los werfen über die zween Böcke, ein Los dem HERRN und das andere dem ledigen Bock.

9 Und soll den Bock, auf welchen des HERRN Los fällt, opfern zum Sündopfer.

10 Aber den Bock, auf welchen das Los des ledigen fällt, soll er lebendig vor den HERRN stellen, daß er ihn versöhne, und lasse den ledigen Bock in die Wüste.

11 Und also soll er denn den Farren seines Sündopfers herzubringen und sich und sein Haus versöhnen; und soll ihn schlachten.

12 Und soll einen Napf voll Glut vom Altar nehmen, der vor dem HERRN stehet, und die Hand voll zerstoßenes Räuchwerks und hinein hinter den Vorhang bringen;

13 und das Räuchwerk aufs Feuer tun vor dem HERRN, daß der Nebel vom Räuchwerk den Gnadenstuhl bedecke, der auf dem Zeugnis ist, daß er nicht sterbe.

14 Und soll des Bluts vom Farren nehmen und mit seinem Finger gegen den Gnadenstuhl sprengen vorne an; siebenmal soll er also vor dem Gnadenstuhl mit seinem Finger vom Blut sprengen.

15 Danach soll er den Bock, des Volks Sündopfer, schlachten und seines Bluts hineinbringen hinter den Vorhang; und soll mit seinem Blut tun, wie er mit des Farren Blut getan hat, und damit auch sprengen vorne gegen den Gnadenstuhl;

16 und soll also versöhnen das Heiligtum von der Unreinigkeit der Kinder Israel und von ihrer Übertretung in allen ihren Sünden. Also soll er tun der Hütte des Stifts; denn sie sind unrein, die umher liegen.

17 Kein Mensch soll in der Hütte des Stifts sein, wenn er hineingehet, zu versöhnen im Heiligtum, bis er herausgehe; und soll also versöhnen sich und sein Haus und die ganze Gemeine Israel.

18 Und wenn er herausgehet zum Altar, der vor dem HERRN stehet, soll er ihn versöhnen und soll des Bluts vom Farren und des Bluts vom Bock nehmen und auf des Altars Hörner umher tun.

19 Und soll mit seinem Finger vom Blut darauf sprengen siebenmal und ihn reinigen und heiligen von der Unreinigkeit der Kinder Israel.

20 Und wenn er vollbracht hat das Versöhnen des Heiligtums und der Hütte des Stifts und des Altars, so soll er den lebendigen Bock herzubringen.

21 Da soll denn Aaron seine beiden Hände auf sein Haupt legen und bekennen auf ihn alLE Missetat der Kinder Israel und alLE ihre Übertretung in allen ihren Sünden; und soll sie dem Bock auf das Haupt legen und ihn durch einen Mann, der vorhanden ist, in die Wüste laufen lassen,

22 daß also der Bock alLE ihre Missetat auf ihm in eine Wildnis trage; und lasse ihn in die Wüste.

23 Und Aaron soll in die Hütte des Stifts gehen und ausziehen die leinenen Kleider, die er anzog, da er in das Heiligtum ging, und soll sie daselbst lassen.

24 Und soll sein Fleisch mit Wasser baden an heiliger Stätte und seine eigenen Kleider antun; und herausgehen und sein Brandopfer und des Volks Brandopfer machen und beide sich und das Volk versöhnen,

25 und das Fett vom Sündopfer auf dem Altar anzünden.

26 Der aber den ledigen Bock hat ausgeführet, soll seine Kleider waschen und sein Fleisch mit Wasser baden und danach ins Lager kommen.

27 Den Farren des Sündopfers und den Bock des Sündopfers, welcher Blut in das Heiligtum zu versöhnen gebracht wird, soll man hinausführen vor das Lager und mit Feuer verbrennen, beide ihre Haut, Fleisch und Mist.

28 Und der sie verbrennet, soll seine Kleider waschen und sein Fleisch mit Wasser baden und danach ins Lager kommen.

29 Auch soll euch das ein ewiges Recht sein: Am zehnten Tage des siebenten Monden sollt ihr euren Leib kasteien und kein Werk tun, er sei einheimisch oder fremd unter euch.

30 Denn an diesem Tage geschieht eure Versöhnung, daß ihr gereiniget werdet; von allen euren Sünden werdet ihr gereiniget vor dem HERRN

31 Darum soll's euch der größte Sabbat sein, und ihr sollt euren Leib demütigen. Ein ewig Recht sei das!

32 Es soll aber solche Versöhnung tun ein Priester, den man geweihet, und des Hand man gefüllet hat zum Priester an seines Vaters Statt; und soll die leinenen Kleider antun, nämlich die heiligen Kleider.

33 Und soll also versöhnen das heilige Heiligtum und die Hütte des Stifts und den Altar und die Priester und alles Volk der Gemeine.

34 Das soll euch ein ewiges Recht sein, daß ihr die Kinder Israel versöhnet von allen ihren Sünden im Jahr einmal Und Mose tat, wie ihm der HERR geboten hatte.

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 4311

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 10837  
  

4311. In the internal historical sense 'for I have seen God face to face, and my soul is delivered' means His presence through representations. This is clear from the meaning of 'seeing God face to face' when used in reference to the state which Jacob's descendants were passing through, as the Lord's presence through representations, for if anyone 'sees God face to face' in an external form, and with his physical sight, it is not God Himself that he sees present then, 4299. The fact that He was not present with those people then, as He is with those who are regenerate and who for that reason are governed by spiritual love and by faith, is evident from what has been stated about that nation in 4281, 4288, 4290, 4293, namely about their worship being external and not at the same time internal; or what amounts to the same, about their being governed by bodily and worldly love and not by spiritual and celestial. With such people the Lord cannot possibly be present except through representations.

[2] What presence through representations is must be discussed briefly. Anyone who is governed by bodily and worldly love, and not at the same time by spiritual or by celestial love, does not have any but evil spirits with him, even when external holiness exists with him. Good spirits cannot in any way be present with such a person, for they perceive in an instant the kind of love which governs a person. There is a sphere emanating from the interior parts of him which the spirits perceive as plainly as man by his sense of smell perceives offensive and foul odours floating around him in the air. This is what the state of good and truth, or love and faith, was like with that nation dealt with here. But in order that they might nevertheless play the part of a representative of the Church, the Lord made provision in a miraculous way so that when an external holiness existed with them, and at the same time they were surrounded by evil spirits, that holiness existing with them might nevertheless be raised up to heaven. But this was effected through good spirits and angels who were not within them but outside them, for within them there was nothing but an empty void or else uncleanness. For this reason there was no communication with any person himself, only with the holiness which existed with them when they observed ordinances and commandments, all of which were representative of the spiritual and celestial things of the Lord's kingdom. This is what is meant by the Lord's presence with that nation through representations. But He is present in a different way with those within the Church in whom spiritual love and therefore faith are present. With these people good spirits and angels are present not only within external worship but also at the same time within internal, and therefore in their case the communication of heaven is with those persons themselves. Indeed the Lord is flowing in by way of heaven through their internals into their externals. For these latter people the holiness of worship is of value to them in the next life, but of no value to the former.

[3] It is similar with priests and ministers who preach about holy things and yet live wickedly and believe in what is wicked. With them no good spirits are present, only evil ones, even when they officiate at external acts of worship in a manner which is outwardly holy. For it is self-love and love of the world - that is, love directed towards the attainment of prominent positions and love directed towards the acquisition of gain and so of reputation - which fires them and is the reason for their display of holiness. Sometimes such ambitions are so great that those priests and ministers do not see any false presence in themselves, nor at the same time do they believe that such presence can even exist. Yet in fact they are in the midst of evil spirits whose state is at that time the same as theirs and who serve as their aspiration and inspiration. The presence of evil spirits in that kind of state - when priests or ministers officiate at external acts of worship and when a brake is put on their self-love and love of the world - I have been allowed to know from a considerable amount of experience, which will in the Lord's Divine mercy be described further on at the ends of chapters. Those priests and ministers do not themselves have any communication with heaven, but those who hear and receive the words coming from their lips do so if internal reverence and holiness exists with them. For it does not matter at all who declares what is good and true, provided their lives are not openly wicked, because that would give offence.

[4] This was the situation with the nation descended from Jacob; that is to say, they were surrounded by evil spirits and yet the Lord was present with them through representations, as becomes clear from many places in the Word. In their hearts they did anything but worship Jehovah, for as soon as miracles ceased they instantly turned to other gods and became idolaters, which was a sure sign that in their hearts they worshipped other gods and made mere lip confession to Jehovah; and they made this to Him solely for the reason that they might be the greatest and be pre-eminent over all the nations round about them. The fact that this nation - Aaron included - in their hearts worshipped an Egyptian idol and made mere lip confession to Jehovah because of His miracles, is plainly evident from the golden calf which Aaron made for them, one month after they had seen such great miracles on Mount Sinai, in addition to those they had seen previously in Egypt - see Exodus 32. That Aaron too was like this is explicitly stated in verses 2-5 of that same chapter, and especially in Verse 35. The same traits in that nation are in addition evident from many other places in Moses, in the Book of Judges, in the Books of Samuel, and in the Books of the Kings.

[5] It is also evident that their worship was solely external and not at all internal from the fact that they were forbidden to go near Mount Sinai when the Law was being proclaimed, and that if they touched the mountain they would certainly die, Exodus 19:11-13; 20:19. The reason they were forbidden to do so was that internally they were unclean. It is also stated in Moses that Jehovah dwelt with them in the midst of their uncleannesses, Leviticus 16:16. What that nation was like is also clear from the Song of Moses, Deuteronomy 32:15-43, and from many places in the Prophets. From this it can be recognized that no Church resided with that nation but merely a representative of the Church, and that the Lord was present with it merely through representations.

[6] See also what has been presented already regarding these people,

With the descendants of Jacob a representative of the Church existed but not a Church, 4281, 4288.

A representative of the Church was not established among them until they had been vastated altogether as regards internal holiness, otherwise they would have profaned holy things, 3398, 4289.

When they adhered to ordinances they were able to play a representative role, but not when they deviated from them, 3881 (end).

Therefore they were kept strictly to religious observances and were coerced by external means, 3147, 4281.

So that they could play the part of a representative of the Church their worship became external worship devoid of internal, 4281.

Therefore also interior things of the Church; were not disclosed to them, 301-303, 2520, 3398, 3479, 3769.

They were of such a nature that they were better able than others to have external holiness devoid of internal, 4293.

This is why they have been preserved even to the present day. 3479.

Their external holiness made no difference to their souls, 3479.

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 2520

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
/ 10837  
  

2520. 'And he said, Lord, will You kill even a righteous nation?' means, Would the good and truth of doctrine be done away with? This is clear from the meaning of 'nation' as good, dealt with in 1259, 1260, 1416. And because the words 'a righteous nation' refer to 'the nation of Abimelech', who means the doctrine of faith, they are used here to mean both good and truth, since both are the subject matter of doctrine.

[2] The fact that these words were uttered from a zeal that went with an affection or love towards the whole human race may be evident to anyone. Such love was directing the Lord's thoughts even when He had not yet put off the human from the mother. And although He perceived from the Divine that the doctrine of faith had a wholly celestial origin, nevertheless in order that the needs of the human race, which does not receive anything of which it cannot form some idea from its own rational thought, might be met, it is therefore said, 'Will You kill even a righteous nation?' meaning, Would the good and truth of doctrine be done away with? The fact that a person does not receive anything of which he cannot form some idea from his rational thought may be seen from the ideas which a person entertains regarding Divine arcana. The latter always have some idea attached to them that is derived from worldly objects or things analogous to worldly objects by which they are retained in the memory and reproduced in thought. For without ideas derived from worldly objects a person is unable to engage in thought. If therefore truths from a Divine origin were presented naked they would never be accepted because they would go far beyond his range of understanding, and so beyond his faith as well, most of all in the case of those whose worship is external.

[3] Let the following examples illustrate this: The Divine itself cannot reside in anything except that which is Divine, and so only in the Lord's Divine Human, and with man through His Human. If the rational were consulted it would say that the Divine itself can reside in the human of anyone. Again nothing holy exists which does not proceed from the Lord, and so from the Divine, which is one. If the rational were consulted it would say that what is holy may also spring from other sources.

[4] Again, man does not live from himself, do good from himself, believe the truth from himself, or indeed think from himself. The good and truth that he does or believes come from the Lord, but the evil and falsity come from hell. And what is more, hell - that is, those who are in hell - do not think from themselves but, in the same way as man, are recipients of the Lord's good and truth. If the rational were consulted it would reject all those ideas because it would not comprehend them. It would also reject the idea that nobody is rewarded on account of the good he does and of the truth he teaches. And it would reject the idea that what is external does not accomplish anything, only what is internal, insofar as the affection for good is present in the doing of good, and insofar as from this the affection for truth is present in the teaching of truth, and insofar as the things are not done from oneself. So also with a thousand other examples that could be given.

[5] Such being the nature of the human rational, the Word therefore uses expressions that accord with man's capacity to understand, and also with his inherent disposition. And this explains why the internal sense of the Word is different from its literal sense. This becomes quite clear from the Old Testament Word where most things are stated in ways that accord with the capacity to understand and the inherent disposition of the people who lived in those times. As a consequence little, indeed scarcely anything, is mentioned there about the life after death, about eternal salvation, and about the internal man. Indeed the character of the Jewish and Israelitish people with whom the Church existed at that time was such that if these matters had been disclosed to them they would not only have failed to understand them but would also have ridiculed them. If similarly it had been disclosed to them that the Messiah or Christ was going to come and save their souls for ever, this too they would have rejected as something of no importance, as also becomes clear from the same nation today. And it is so still that if what is internal or spiritual is mentioned in their presence, and the fact that the Messiah is not going to be a very great earthly king, they laugh at it.

[6] This was the reason why the Lord sometimes spoke in the way the Prophets had spoken and expressed all else by means of parables, as He Himself states in Matthew,

Jesus said, I speak to them in parables, because those who see do not see, and those who hear do not hear, nor do they understand. Matthew 13:13.

'Those who see' and 'those who hear' are those inside the Church who, though they see and hear, nevertheless do not understand. And in John,

He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, lest they see with their eyes and understand with their heart, and are converted and I heal them. John 12:40.

Their being 'converted' and being 'healed' implies that even so they would subsequently reject and in so doing profane, which entails eternal condemnation, see 301-303, 582, 1008, 1010, 1059, 1327, 1328, 2051, 2426. Nevertheless the Lord in many places disclosed the interior things of the Word, but solely for the benefit of the wise.

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.