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Hesekiel 20

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1 Und es geschah im siebten Jahre, im fünften Monat, am Zehnten des Monats, da kamen Männer von den Ältesten Israels, um Jehova zu befragen; und sie setzten sich vor mir nieder.

2 Und das Wort Jehovas geschah zu mir also:

3 Menschensohn, rede zu den Ältesten Israels und sprich zu ihnen: So spricht der Herr, Jehova: Um mich zu befragen, seid ihr gekommen? So wahr ich lebe, wenn ich mich von euch befragen lasse! spricht der Herr, Jehova.

4 Willst du sie richten? Willst du richten, Menschensohn? Tue ihnen kund die Greuel ihrer Väter und sprich zu ihnen:

5 So spricht der Herr, Jehova: An dem Tage, da ich Israel erwählte, und ich meine Hand dem Samen des Hauses Jakob erhob, und ihnen im Lande Ägypten mich kundgab, und meine Hand ihnen erhob und sprach: Ich bin Jehova, euer Gott-

6 an jenem Tage erhob ich ihnen meine Hand, daß ich sie aus dem Lande Ägypten führen würde in ein Land, welches ich für sie erspäht hatte, das von Milch und Honig fließt; die Zierde ist es von allen Ländern.

7 Und ich sprach zu ihnen: Werfet ein jeder die Scheusale seiner Augen weg, und verunreiniget euch nicht mit den Götzen Ägyptens; ich bin Jehova, euer Gott.

8 Aber sie waren widerspenstig gegen mich und wollten nicht auf mich hören; keiner warf die Scheusale seiner Augen weg, und von den Götzen Ägyptens ließen sie nicht. Da gedachte ich meinen Grimm über sie auszugießen, meinen Zorn an ihnen zu vollenden mitten im Lande Ägypten.

9 Aber ich handelte um meines Namens willen, auf daß er nicht entweiht würde vor den Augen der Nationen, in deren Mitte sie waren, vor deren Augen ich mich ihnen kundgegeben hatte, um sie aus dem Lande Ägypten zu führen;

10 und ich führte sie aus dem Lande Ägypten und brachte sie in die Wüste.

11 Und ich gab ihnen meine Satzungen und tat ihnen meine Rechte kund, durch welche der Mensch, wenn er sie tut, leben wird.

12 Und auch meine Sabbathe gab ich ihnen, damit sie zum Denkzeichen wären zwischen mir und ihnen, auf daß sie wissen möchten, daß ich Jehova bin, der sie heiligt. -

13 Aber das Haus Israel war widerspenstig gegen mich in der Wüste; sie wandelten nicht in meinen Satzungen und verwarfen meine Rechte, durch welche der Mensch, wenn er sie tut, leben wird; und sie entweihten meine Sabbathe sehr. Da gedachte ich meinen Grimm über sie auszugießen in der Wüste, um sie zu vernichten.

14 Aber ich handelte um meines Namens willen, auf daß er nicht entweiht würde vor den Augen der Nationen, vor deren Augen ich sie ausgeführt hatte.

15 Und ich erhob ihnen auch meine Hand in der Wüste, daß ich sie nicht in das Land bringen würde, welches ich ihnen gegeben hatte, das von Milch und Honig fließt; die Zierde ist es von allen Ländern:

16 weil sie meine Rechte verwarfen und in meinen Satzungen nicht wandelten und meine Sabbathe entweihten; denn ihr Herz wandelte ihren Götzen nach.

17 Aber mein Auge schonte ihrer, daß ich sie nicht verderbte und ihnen nicht den Garaus machte in der Wüste.

18 Und ich sprach zu ihren Kindern in der Wüste: Wandelt nicht in den Satzungen eurer Väter, und haltet ihre Rechte nicht, und verunreiniget euch nicht mit ihren Götzen.

19 Ich bin Jehova, euer Gott: Wandelt in meinen Satzungen, und haltet meine Rechte und tut sie;

20 und heiliget meine Sabbathe, damit sie zum Denkzeichen seien zwischen mir und euch, auf daß ihr wisset, daß ich Jehova bin, euer Gott. -

21 Aber die Kinder waren widerspenstig gegen mich; sie wandelten nicht in meinen Satzungen und hielten meine Rechte nicht, um sie zu tun, durch welche der Mensch, wenn er sie tut, leben wird; sie entweihten meine Sabbathe. Da gedachte ich, meinen Grimm über sie auszugießen, meinen Zorn an ihnen zu vollenden in der Wüste.

22 Aber ich zog meine Hand zurück, und handelte um meines Namens willen, auf daß er nicht entweiht würde vor den Augen der Nationen, vor deren Augen ich sie ausgeführt hatte.

23 Auch erhob ich ihnen meine Hand in der Wüste, daß ich sie unter die Nationen versprengen und sie in die Länder zerstreuen würde,

24 weil sie meine Rechte nicht taten und meine Satzungen verwarfen und meine Sabbathe entweihten, und ihre Augen hinter den Götzen ihrer Väter her waren.

25 Und auch ich gab ihnen Satzungen, die nicht gut waren, und Rechte, durch welche sie nicht leben konnten.

26 Und ich verunreinigte sie durch ihre Gaben, indem sie alles, was die Mutter bricht, durch das Feuer gehen ließen: auf daß ich sie verwüstete, damit sie wissen möchten, daß ich Jehova bin.

27 Darum, Menschensohn, rede zum Hause Israel und sprich zu ihnen: So spricht der Herr, Jehova: Auch noch dadurch haben eure Väter mich geschmäht, als sie Treulosigkeit gegen mich begingen:

28 Als ich sie in das Land gebracht, welches ihnen zu geben ich meine Hand erhoben hatte, ersahen sie jeden hohen Hügel und jeden dichtbelaubten Baum; und sie opferten daselbst ihre Schlachtopfer, und gaben daselbst ihre Ärger erregenden Opfergaben, und brachten daselbst den Duft ihrer Wohlgerüche dar, und spendeten daselbst ihre Trankopfer.

29 Und ich sprach zu ihnen: Was ist das für eine Höhe, wohin ihr gehet? Und ihr Name wird Bama genannt bis auf diesen Tag. -

30 Darum sprich zum Hause Israel: So spricht der Herr, Jehova: Wie? Ihr verunreiniget euch auf dem Wege eurer Väter und huret ihren Scheusalen nach;

31 und ihr verunreiniget euch bis auf diesen Tag an allen euren Götzen durch das Darbringen eurer Gaben, indem ihr eure Kinder durch das Feuer gehen lasset! Und ich sollte mich von euch befragen lassen, Haus Israel? So wahr ich lebe, spricht der Herr, Jehova, wenn ich mich von euch befragen lasse!

32 Und was in eurem Geiste aufgestiegen ist, wird keineswegs geschehen, daß ihr sprechet: Wir wollen sein wie die Nationen und wie die Geschlechter der Länder, indem wir Holz und Stein dienen.

33 So wahr ich lebe, spricht der Herr, Jehova, wenn ich nicht mit starker Hand und mit ausgestrecktem Arm und mit ausgegossenem Grimm über euch regieren werde!

34 Und ich werde euch herausführen aus den Völkern und euch aus den Ländern sammeln, in welche ihr zerstreut worden seid, mit starker Hand und mit ausgestrecktem Arm und mit ausgegossenem Grimm.

35 Und ich werde euch in die Wüste der Völker bringen und daselbst mit euch rechten von Angesicht zu Angesicht;

36 wie ich mit euren Vätern gerechtet habe in der Wüste des Landes Ägypten, also werde ich mit euch rechten, spricht der Herr, Jehova.

37 Und ich werde euch unter dem Stabe hindurchziehen lassen, und euch in das Band des Bundes bringen.

38 Und ich werde die Empörer und die von mir Abgefallenen von euch ausscheiden; ich werde sie herausführen aus dem Lande ihrer Fremdlingschaft, aber in das Land Israel soll keiner von ihnen kommen. Und ihr werdet wissen, daß ich Jehova bin.

39 Ihr denn, Haus Israel, so spricht der Herr, Jehova: Gehet hin, dienet ein jeder seinen Götzen. Aber nachher, wahrlich, ihr werdet auf mich hören, und werdet meinen heiligen Namen nicht mehr entweihen mit euren Gaben und mit euren Götzen.

40 Denn auf meinem heiligen Berge, auf dem hohen Berge Israels, spricht der Herr, Jehova, daselbst wird mir das ganze Haus Israel insgesamt dienen im Lande; daselbst werde ich sie wohlgefällig annehmen, und daselbst werde ich eure Hebopfer fordern und die Erstlinge eurer Gaben, in allen euren geheiligten Dingen.

41 Als einen lieblichen Geruch werde ich euch wohlgefällig annehmen, wenn ich euch aus den Völkern herausführe und euch aus den Ländern sammle, in welche ihr zerstreut worden seid, und ich mich vor den Augen der Nationen an euch heilige.

42 Und ihr werdet wissen, daß ich Jehova bin, wenn ich euch in das Land Israel bringe, in das Land, welches euren Vätern zu geben ich meine Hand erhoben habe.

43 Und ihr werdet daselbst eurer Wege und all eurer Handlungen gedenken, durch welche ihr euch verunreinigt habt; und ihr werdet Ekel an euch selbst empfinden wegen all eurer Übeltaten, die ihr begangen habt.

44 Und ihr werdet wissen, daß ich Jehova bin, wenn ich mit euch handle um meines Namens willen, und nicht nach euren bösen Wegen und nach euren verderbten Handlungen, Haus Israel, spricht der Herr, Jehova.

45 (H21:1) Und das Wort Jehovas geschah zu mir also:

46 (H21:2) Menschensohn, richte dein Angesicht gegen Süden und rede gegen Mittag, und weissage über den Wald des Gefildes im Süden

47 (H21:3) und sprich zu dem Walde des Südens: Höre das Wort Jehovas! So spricht der Herr, Jehova: Siehe, ich will in dir ein Feuer anzünden, welches jeden grünen Baum und jeden dürren Baum in dir verzehren wird; die lodernde Flamme wird nicht erlöschen, und vom Süden bis zum Norden werden alle Angesichter dadurch versengt werden.

48 (H21:4) Und alles Fleisch soll sehen, daß ich, Jehova, es angezündet habe; es wird nicht erlöschen.

49 (H21:5) Und ich sprach: Ach, Herr, Jehova! Sie sagen von mir: Redet er nicht in Gleichnissen?

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 2831

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2831. 'Behind [him] caught in a thicket' means entangled in natural knowledge. This is clear from the meaning here of 'caught in' as being entangled in, and from the meaning of 'a thicket' or fan entanglement' as factual knowledge, to be dealt with in what follows. Those who are spiritual are caught and entangled in natural knowledge as regards truths of faith for the following reasons: Those who are spiritual do not possess the perception of good and truth as those who are celestial do. Instead of perception they have conscience, which is formed from the goods and truths of faith which from early childhood they have taken in from parents and teachers, and after that from the doctrine of the faith into which they were born. The only way that those who do not possess the perception of good and truth can receive confirmation is from facts. Everyone forms some concept for himself regarding the things he has learned, and also regarding the goods and truths of faith. Without that nothing remains in the memory except as an empty vessel. Details that serve to confirm - derived from other cognitions, and even from factual knowledge - are added to and fill in the concept. The concept itself confirmed by many details not only causes itself to be fixed in the memory, from which it may be called forth into thought, but also enables faith to be instilled into it.

[2] As regards perception in general, since few know what perception is, this must be stated here. There is the perception of what is good and true in things that are celestial and spiritual; there is the perception of what is just and fair in public life; and there is the perception of what is honourable in private life. As regards the perception of what is good and true in celestial and spiritual things, this is the perception which the more interior angels possess from the Lord. It was also the perception which members of the Most Ancient Church possessed, and it is the perception which celestial people possess, who are moved by love to the Lord. These people know in an instant from a certain inner awareness whether a thing is good and whether it is true, for the Lord instills it into them because they are joined by love to Him. But spiritual people do not possess such perception of what is good and true in celestial and spiritual things. Instead of perception they have conscience which dictates. Conscience however, as has been stated, is formed from cognitions of good and truth which they have taken in from parents and teachers and later on from their own devotion to doctrine and the Word. And on these cognitions they pin their faith, even though these may not be goods and truths to any great extent. This being so, people can have a conscience that is derived from any variety of doctrine; even gentiles possess something not unlike conscience, derived from their own form of religion.

[3] The fact that those who are spiritual have no perception of the good and truth of faith but say and believe to be true that which they have learned and grasped becomes quite clear from the consideration that everyone calls his own tenets the truth - heretics more than others - and from the consideration that they are unable to see, let alone acknowledge, the truth itself, even though thousands of things might declare it. Let everyone search within himself to see whether he is able to perceive from any other source whether a thing is true, and whether when that which is absolutely true is made plain to him he still does not acknowledge it. Take for example someone who makes faith and not love the essential of salvation. Even if all the things were read out to him which the Lord spoke regarding love and charity, see 2371, and even if he knew from the Word that all the Law and all the Prophets hung on love to the Lord and charity towards the neighbour, he would still persist in the idea of faith and would say that this alone was what saved. It is altogether different in the case of those who possess celestial and spiritual perception.

[4] But as regards the perception of what is just and fair in public life, those in the world who are rational possess this, together with the perception of what is honourable in private life. So far as these two types of perception are concerned, one person differs from the next; but this in no sense implies that such persons possess the perception of the good and truth of faith, since this kind of perception is higher or more interior and flows in from the Lord by way of the inmost part of the rational.

[5] A further reason why spiritual people do not possess a perception of the good and truth of faith is that good and truth are not implanted in the will part of their minds, as in the case of celestial people, but in the understanding part; see 863, 875, 927, 1023, 1043, 1044, 2256. This is why spiritual people are not able to enter the first region of the light that celestial people dwell in, 2718, but in comparison with them are in obscurity, 1043, 2708, 2715. The fact that those who are spiritual are entangled in natural knowledge as regards truths of faith follows from this.

[6] As regards 'a thicket' or 'an entanglement' in the internal sense meaning natural knowledge, that is, factual knowledge such as becomes fixed in the exterior memory, this may also be seen from other places in the Word: in Ezekiel,

Behold, Asshur was a cedar in Lebanon, beautiful in its boughs, and a forest shade, and lofty in height, and its trunk among entangled boughs. Ezekiel 31:3.

This refers to 'Egypt', which is knowledge, 1164, 1165, 1186, 1462. 'Asshur' stands for the rational, 119, 1186, which in the Word is also 'a cedar', and 'Lebanon' as well. 'Among entangled boughs' stands for among facts, for the human rational is based on the facts known to it which it commands.

[7] In the same prophet,

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Because you are exalted in height, and he has set his trunk up among entangled boughs, and his heart has become lifted up in his height, foreigners, the violent of the nations, will cut him down and cast him out. Ezekiel 31:10, 12.

This refers to Egypt. 'Setting his trunk among entangled boughs' stands for sticking to facts and looking at spiritual, celestial, and Divine things, from them as the standpoint. In the same prophet,

This is in order that none of all the trees by the waters may exalt themselves in their height, and set their trunk up among entangled boughs, and that none of all that drink water may reach above them in their height, for they will all be given over to death, to the lower earth in the midst of the sons of men, to those going down to the pit. Ezekiel 31:14.

This refers to those who wish by means of reasonings based on factual knowledge to penetrate the mysteries of faith; these become totally blind, see 215, 232, 233, 1072, 1911, 2196, 2203, 2568, 2588. Reasoning based on facts is the meaning of 'setting their trunk up among entangled boughs'. In the same prophet,

It had strong shoots as sceptres for those who have dominion, and its height rose up above among entangled boughs. Ezekiel 19:11.

Here the meaning is similar.

[8] In the same prophet,

The slain of Israel in the midst of their idols, around their altars, and under every green tree, and under every entangled oak. Ezekiel 6:13.

This refers to the kind of worship which people invent for themselves who have faith in themselves, and so in those things which they hatch out from their factual knowledge. 'An entangled oak' stands for facts as they exist in that particular state, 'oaks' meaning perceptions arising out of facts, see 1442, 1443, 2144. The same feature occurs elsewhere in the same prophet,

They looked at every high hill and every entangled tree, and there they offered their sacrifices. Ezekiel 20:28.

'Entangled tree' stands for things which are not dictated by the Word but by a person's own factual knowledge. The fact that worship used to take place in groves and depended for its meaning on the nature of the trees, see 2722.

[9] In Isaiah,

For wickedness will burn like a fire, it will consume brier and thorn, and will kindle the entangled boughs of the wood. Isaiah 9:18.

'Brier and thorn' stands for falsity and evil desire, 'the entangled boughs of the wood' for facts. In the same prophet,

Jehovah Zebaoth will hew down the entangled boughs of the wood with an axe, and Lebanon will fall by a majestic one. Isaiah 10:34.

'The entangled boughs of the wood' stands for facts, 'Lebanon' for rational concepts. In Jeremiah,

Raise a standard towards Zion, for I am bringing evil from the north, and a great destruction. A lion has risen up from his thicket, and a destroyer of nations has set out and come from his place to make your land a waste. Your cities will be destroyed, and left without inhabitants. Jeremiah 4:6-7.

'From his thicket' stands for from factual knowledge, and that which 'rises up' from this and enters into Divine arcana 'makes the land a waste', that is, lays waste the Church.

[10] The reason why in the Word facts are called 'thickets' is that facts are by nature like thickets, especially when the desires of self-love and love of the world, and false assumptions, exert an influence on them. Celestial and spiritual love is a love which arranges into order the facts that belong to the external memory, whereas self-love and love of the world disrupt that order and bring confusion to everything there. These are matters of which man is not aware because he takes that to be order which in fact is perverted order, that to be good which in fact is evil, and that to be truth which in fact is falsity; therefore those things are 'in a thicket'. He is also unaware of these matters because the things that belong to the external memory where facts reside are - in comparison with those that belong to the internal memory, where rational concepts reside - in a thicket, or in some gloomy woodland. How shadowy, gloomy, and darkened it is there in comparison, nobody can know as long as he lives in the body, for during that time he imagines that all wisdom and intelligence arise from facts; but he will know it in the next life when he has entered the things that belong to the internal memory. In the external memory which is proper to man during his life in the world nothing is more lacking than the light of wisdom and intelligence. But that everything there is by comparison dark, disordered, and entangled, see 2469-2494.

  
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Arcana Coelestia # 1072

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1072. 'He was drunk' means that he consequently sank into errors. This is clear from the meaning of 'a drunken man' in the Word. Those people are called drunk who do not believe anything except that of which they have a mental grasp, and who for that reason probe into mysteries of faith. And because they probe into them by means of knowledge, either factual or philosophical, acquired through the senses, man being what he is inevitably sinks as a consequence into errors. Man's thought is altogether earthly, bodily, and material because it is born of things that are earthly, bodily, and material which cling to it all the time and which the ideas comprising his thought are based on and encompassed by. Consequently to think and reason about Divine matters from such things is to run into errors and perversities, and from that position it is as impossible to acquire faith as it is 'for a camel to go through the eye of a needle'. The error and insanity that result are in the Word called 'drunkenness'. What is more, souls or spirits in the next life who reason about and against the truths of faith become like drunken men and behave as these do. These people will in the Lord's Divine mercy be described later on.

[2] Spirits are clearly distinguished from one another as to whether they possess, or do not possess, faith that inheres in charity. Those who possess such faith do not engage in reasoning about the truths of faith. Instead they immediately declare them to be true, and also confirm them, so far as they are able, by means of sensory evidence, factual knowledge, and analytical arguments. But as soon as something obscure comes up which they do not perceive they lay it aside and never allow anything like that to lead them into doubt. They say that the things they are able to grasp are very few and that therefore to think that something is not true because they themselves do not grasp it would be madness. These people are those who are governed by charity. But those who do not possess faith inhering in charity have no other desire than to reason whether a thing is true and to know how it is so. They say that if they cannot know how it is so, they are unable to believe that it is so. From this attitude of mind alone they are instantly recognized as those who have no faith at all, and it is a sign not only that they entertain doubts about everything but also that at heart they are deniers. And even when they are informed as to how something is so they remain unmoved and raise all kinds of objections, and would never give up even if this went on for ever. Those who are thus unmoved pile up errors upon errors. These people, or such as they, are in the Word called 'drunk from wine or strong drink'.

[3] As in Isaiah,

These err through wine, and go astray through strong drink. The priest and the prophet err through strong drink. They are swallowed up by wine, they err from strong drink. They err in vision. All tables are full of vomit. Whom will He teach knowledge, and whom will He cause to understand the report? Those weaned from milk, those torn away from the breasts? Isaiah 28:7-9.

Such people are clearly meant here. In the same prophet,

How do you say to Pharaoh, I am a son of the wise, a son of kings of old? Where are your wise men now? Let them, I pray, tell you. Jehovah has mingled in the midst of her a spirit of perversity, and they have made Egypt err in all her works, as a drunken man errs in his vomit. Isaiah 19:11-12, 14.

'A drunken man' stands for people who wish from facts to probe into spiritual and celestial things. 'Egypt' means facts, which also is why he calls himself 'a son of the wise'. In Jeremiah,

Drink and get drunk, and vomit, and fall, and do not get up again. Jeremiah 25:27. This stands for falsities.

[4] In David,

They reel and stagger like a drunken man, and all their wisdom will be swallowed up. Psalms 107:27.

In Isaiah,

Come, I will get wine, and we will be drunken from strong drink, and tomorrow will be like this day, a great abundance. Isaiah 56:12.

This has reference to things that are contrary to the truths of faith. In Jeremiah,

Every wineskin will be filled with wine, all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with drunkenness. Jeremiah 13:12-13.

'Wine' stands for faith, 'drunkenness' for errors. In Joel,

Awake, you drunkards, and weep; and wail, all you drinkers of wine, over the new wine, for it is cut off from your mouth. For a nation is coming up over My land; it is turning My vine into a desolation. Joel 1:5-7.

This refers to the Church vastated as regards truths of faith. In John,

Babylon caused all nations to drink from the wine of the anger of whoredom. The inhabitants of the earth have got drunk with the wine of whoredom. Revelation 14:8, 10; 16:19; 17:2; 18:3; 19:15.

'The wine of whoredom' stands for adulterated truths of faith, to which 'drunkenness' has reference. Similarly in Jeremiah,

Babel was a golden cup in Jehovah's hand, making all the earth drunken. The nations have drunk of her wine, therefore the nations are mad. Jeremiah 51:7.

[5] Since 'drunkenness' meant inanities surrounding truths of faith, it also became representative; and Aaron was forbidden to be drunk, as the following shows,

Aaron and his sons were not to drink wine and intoxicating drink when they entered the Tent [of Meeting] lest they died, so that they might distinguish between what was holy and what was unholy, what was unclean and what was clean. Leviticus 10:8-10.

People who believe nothing except what they grasp through sensory evidence and factual knowledge are also called in Isaiah 'heroes at drinking',

Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes, and in their own sight intelligent! Woe to heroes at drinking wine, and valiant men in mixing strong drink! Isaiah 5:21-22.

They are called 'wise in their own eyes, and in their own sight intelligent' because people who reason against truths of faith imagine that they are wiser than everybody else.

[6] People however who pay no attention to the Word and the truths of faith, and thus who are unwilling to know anything about faith, and so deny its fundamental teachings, are called 'drunk without wine'. In Isaiah,

They were drunk but not with wine, they were staggering, but not with strong drink. For Jehovah has poured out upon you a Spirit of sleep, and has closed your eyes. Isaiah 19:9-10.

That they are such is clear from what comes before and after this description of them in the prophet. People who are 'drunk' in this sense imagine that they are more alert than anybody else, yet they are in a deep sleep. The fact that the Ancient Church when it began was such as is described in this verse, especially those who belonged to the stock of the Most Ancient Church, becomes clear from what has been stated already in 788.

  
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