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3 Mose 4

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1 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

2 ede zu den Kindern Israel und sprich: Wenn jemand aus Versehen sündigt gegen irgend eines der Verbote Jehovas, die nicht getan werden sollen, und irgend eines derselben tut, -

3 wenn der gesalbte Priester sündigt nach einem Vergehen des Volkes, (And.: zur Verschuldung des Volkes) so soll er für seine Sünde, die er begangen hat, einen jungen Farren ohne Fehl dem Jehova darbringen zum Sündopfer.

4 Und er soll den Farren an den Eingang des Zeltes der Zusammenkunft vor Jehova bringen und seine Hand auf den Kopf des Farren legen und den Farren schlachten vor Jehova.

5 Und der gesalbte Priester nehme von dem Blute des Farren und bringe es in das Zelt der Zusammenkunft;

6 und der Priester tauche seinen Finger in das Blut und sprenge von dem Blute siebenmal vor Jehova gegen den Vorhang des Heiligtums hin.

7 Und der Priester tue von dem Blute an die Hörner des Altars des wohlriechenden äucherwerks, der im Zelte der Zusammenkunft ist, vor Jehova; und alles Blut des Farren soll er an den Fuß des Brandopferaltars gießen, der an dem Eingang des Zeltes der Zusammenkunft ist.

8 Und alles Fett von dem Farren des Sündopfers soll er von ihm abheben: das Fett, welches das Eingeweide bedeckt, und alles Fett, das am Eingeweide ist,

9 und die beiden Nieren und das Fett, das an ihnen, das an den Lenden ist, und das Netz über der Leber: samt den Nieren soll er es abtrennen,

10 so wie es abgehoben wird von dem inde des Friedensopfers; und der Priester soll es auf dem Brandopferaltar räuchern.

11 Und die Haut des Farren und all sein Fleisch samt seinem Kopfe und seinen Schenkeln und seinem Eingeweide und seinem Mist:

12 den ganzen Farren soll er (O. man) hinausbringen außerhalb des Lagers an einen reinen Ort, nach dem Schutthaufen der Fettasche, und soll ihn auf Holzscheiten mit Feuer verbrennen; auf dem Schutthaufen der Fettasche soll er verbrannt werden.

13 Und wenn die ganze Gemeinde Israel aus Versehen sündigt und die Sache ist verborgen vor den Augen der Versammlung, und sie tun eines von allen Verboten Jehovas, die nicht getan werden sollen, und verschulden sich,

14 und die Sünde wird bekannt, (Eig. wird die Sünde bekannt) die sie wider dasselbe begangen haben, so soll die Versammlung einen jungen Farren darbringen zum Sündopfer und ihn vor das Zelt der Zusammenkunft bringen.

15 Und die Ältesten der Gemeinde sollen ihre Hände auf den Kopf des Farren legen vor Jehova, und man soll den Farren vor Jehova schlachten.

16 Und der gesalbte Priester bringe von dem Blute des Farren in das Zelt der Zusammenkunft,

17 und der Priester tauche seinen Finger in das Blut und sprenge siebenmal vor Jehova gegen den Vorhang hin.

18 Und er tue von dem Blute an die Hörner des Altars, der vor Jehova, der im Zelte der Zusammenkunft ist; und alles Blut soll er an den Fuß des Brandopferaltars gießen, der an dem Eingang des Zeltes der Zusammenkunft ist.

19 Und all sein Fett soll er von ihm abheben und auf dem Altar räuchern.

20 Und er soll mit dem Farren tun, wie er mit dem Farren des Sündopfers getan hat; also soll er damit tun. Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für sie, und es wird ihnen vergeben werden.

21 Und er (O. man) soll den Farren hinausbringen außerhalb des Lagers und ihn verbrennen, so wie er (O. man) den ersten Farren verbrannt hat: es ist ein Sündopfer der Versammlung.

22 Wenn ein Fürst sündigt und tut aus Versehen eines von allen den Verboten Jehovas, seines Gottes, die nicht getan werden sollen, und verschuldet sich,

23 und seine Sünde wird ihm kundgetan, (Eig. ist ihm seine Sünde kundgetan worden) worin er gesündigt hat, so soll er seine Opfergabe bringen, einen Ziegenbock, ein Männlein ohne Fehl.

24 Und er soll seine Hand auf den Kopf des Bockes legen und ihn schlachten an dem Orte, wo man das Brandopfer vor Jehova schlachtet: es ist ein Sündopfer.

25 Und der Priester nehme von dem Blute des Sündopfers mit seinem Finger und tue es an die Hörner des Brandopferaltars; und sein Blut soll er an den Fuß des Brandopferaltars gießen.

26 Und all sein Fett soll er auf dem Altar räuchern, wie das Fett des Friedensopfers. Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für ihn wegen seiner Sünde, und es wird ihm vergeben werden.

27 Und wenn jemand vom Volke des Landes (d. i. vom gemeinen Volke) aus Versehen sündigt, indem er eines von den Verboten Jehovas tut, die nicht getan werden sollen, und sich verschuldet

28 und seine Sünde wird ihm kundgetan, (Eig. ist ihm seine Sünde kundgetan worden) die er begangen hat, so soll er seine Opfergabe bringen, eine Ziege ohne Fehl, ein Weiblein, für seine Sünde, die er begangen hat.

29 Und er soll seine Hand auf den Kopf des Sündopfers legen und das Sündopfer schlachten an dem Orte des Brandopfers.

30 Und der Priester nehme von seinem Blute mit seinem Finger und tue es an die Hörner des Brandopferaltars; und all sein Blut soll er an den Fuß des Altars gießen.

31 Und all sein Fett soll er abtrennen, so wie das Fett von dem Friedensopfer abgetrennt wird; und der Priester soll es auf dem Altar räuchern zum lieblichen Geruch dem Jehova. Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für ihn, und es wird ihm vergeben werden. -

32 Und wenn er ein Schaf bringt als seine Opfergabe zum Sündopfer, so soll es ein Weiblein ohne Fehl sein, das er bringt.

33 Und er soll seine Hand auf den Kopf des Sündopfers legen und es zum Sündopfer schlachten an dem Orte, wo man das Brandopfer schlachtet.

34 Und der Priester nehme von dem Blute des Sündopfers mit seinem Finger und tue es an die Hörner des Brandopferaltars; und all sein Blut soll er an den Fuß des Altars gießen.

35 Und all sein Fett soll er abtrennen, so wie das Fett des Schafes von dem Friedensopfer abgetrennt wird; und der Priester soll es auf (O. bei, mit; so auch Kap. 5,12) dem Altar räuchern, auf den Feueropfern Jehovas. Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für ihn wegen seiner Sünde, die er begangen hat, und es wird ihm vergeben werden.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8680

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8680. 'And Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God' means worship springing from the good of love and the truths of faith. This is clear from the meaning of 'a burnt offering and sacrifices' as representatives of celestial and spiritual realities that belong to internal worship, 'burnt offerings' being representative of celestial realities, that is, aspects of the good of love, and 'sacrifices' being representative of spiritual ones, that is, aspects of the truth of faith, dealt with in 922, 923, 1823, 2180, 2805, 2807, 2830, 3218, 3519, 6905. The representation of 'burnt offerings' as aspects of the good of love, and of 'sacrifices' as aspects of the truth of faith, is clear from their institution - from the requirement that in burnt offerings everything was to be burnt, both the flesh and the blood, but that in sacrifices the flesh was to be eaten, as may be seen in chapters 1-5 of Leviticus; Numbers 28; and in Deuteronomy, where the following words occur,

You are to present, your burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, on the altar of Jehovah your God; the blood of the sacrifices shall be poured out on the altar of Jehovah your God, and the flesh you shall eat. Deuteronomy 12:27.

The reason why those two realities were represented by the burnt offerings and sacrifices is that burnt offerings and sacrifices represented all worship of God in general, 923, 6905; and worship of God in general is founded on love and faith. Without these it is not worship, only ritual such as is performed by the external man who has no internal and so no life within him.

  
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Arcana Coelestia # 2830

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2830. 'And behold, a ram' means spiritual members of the human race. This is clear from the meaning of 'a ram', dealt with below. Within the Church it is well known that the burnt offerings and sacrifices in the representative Jewish and Israelite Church meant the Lord's Divine Human. But the burnt offerings and sacrifices of the lambs meant one thing, those of sheep and she-goats another, and those of kids, rams, and he-goats, of oxen, young bulls, and calves, and of turtle doves and young pigeons meant yet other things, as also did the minchahs and drink offerings. In general these things that were sacrificed meant the Divine celestial, Divine spiritual, and Divine natural things which are the Lord's; and from meaning these they meant celestial, spiritual, and natural things which exist from Him within His kingdom, and so within every individual who is the Lord's kingdom. This may be seen also from the Holy Supper which superseded burnt offerings and sacrifices. In it the bread and the wine mean the Lord's Divine Human - the Bread His Divine celestial, the Wine His Divine spiritual - and consequently mean His love towards the whole human race, and in turn the love of the whole human race for the Lord, 2343, 2359. From this it is evident that burnt offerings and sacrifices contained within them celestial worship springing from love to the Lord, and spiritual worship springing from charity towards the neighbour, and therefore from faith in the Lord, 922, 923, 1823, 2180. What the celestial is and what the spiritual is, that is, who constitute the celestial members and who the spiritual within the Lord's kingdom or Church, has been stated rather often, see 1155, 1577, 1824, 2048, 2088, 2184, 2227, 2669, 2708, 2715.

[2] That 'a ram' then means the Lord's Divine spiritual, and so that which is spiritual with man, or what amounts to the same, spiritual members of the human race, may become clear from the burnt offerings and sacrifices that were made from rams. For example, when Aaron and his sons were consecrated to the function they performed, that is, when they were inaugurated, they were to offer one young bull for a sin offering, sprinkle its blood over the horns of the altar, and pour the remainder at the base of it. Also they were to slaughter one ram and to sprinkle its blood around the altar, and after that they were to burn the ram - the whole of it - as a burnt offering. And the blood of the second ram which had been slaughtered was to be sprinkled over the tip of Aaron's ear, and over his thumb and big toe, and after that they were to make a wave offering of it and burn it on top of the burnt offering, Exodus 29:1-35; Leviticus 8:1-end; 9:2 and following verses. Clearly all these observances were holy, but they were holy for the reason that they represented and meant holy things. Other than for this reason, none of these observances - slaughtering a young bull, sprinkling its blood over the horns of the altar and pouring the remainder at the base of it, slaying one ram and sprinkling its blood around the altar and after that burning it, and sprinkling the blood of the second ram over the tip of Aaron's ear and over his thumb and big toe and also making a wave offering of it and burning it on top of the burnt offering - would have possessed any holiness, nor thus any worship, unless they had represented holy things. But what each observance represented does not become clear to anyone except from the internal sense. That the young bull offered as a sin offering meant the Lord's Divine natural, and the ram His Divine spiritual, and at the same time spiritual members of the human race, may become clear from the meaning of a young bull and of a ram in the Word. Inaugurations into the priesthood were effected by means of spiritual things, for by means of spiritual things man is initiated into those which are celestial, or what amounts to the same, by means of the truths of faith he is initiated into good that stems from love. In a similar way when Aaron entered the Holy Place he was to offer a young bull as a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering, Leviticus 16:2-3.

[3] When a Nazirite was completing the period of his Naziriteship he was to offer one male lamb a year old without a blemish as a burnt offering, and one ewe-lamb a year old without a blemish as a sin offering, and one ram without blemish as a peace offering, Numbers 6:13-14, 16-17. The reason for these observances was that a Nazirite represented the celestial man, who is the likeness of the Lord, 51, 52, 1013. The celestial man is such that he is moved by celestial love, that is, by love to the Lord, and from this by celestial truth, 202, 337, 2069, 2715, 2718. This was why the Nazirite was required to sacrifice a male lamb and a ewe-lamb, meaning that which is celestial, and also to sacrifice a ram, meaning that which is spiritual. Young bulls, rams, and lambs were sacrificed at festivals. For example, on the first day of the feast of unleavened bread, two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, together with their minchah, were to be offered as a burnt offering, Numbers 28:18-20. On the day of the firstfruits too, two-young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, together with their minchah, were to be offered as a burnt offering, Numbers 28:26-28. At new moons two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, together with their minchah, were to be offered as a burnt offering, Numbers 28:11-12; in the seventh month, on the first of the month, one young bull, one ram, seven lambs, together with their minchah; and on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, thirteen young bulls, two rams, fourteen lambs; and so on, see Numbers 29:1-2, 12-14, 17-18, 20-24, 26-36. Young bulls and rams meant spiritual things, while lambs meant celestial. For at festivals it was required that those taking part were to be sanctified and were brought into that condition by means of spiritual things.

[4] Since 'rams' meant the Divine spiritual of the Lord's Divine Human, and also spiritual things residing with man, it is therefore said in Ezekiel, where the New Temple and the New Jerusalem, that is, the Lord's spiritual kingdom, are referred to, that when they had finished cleansing the altar they were to offer a young bull as a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering; and for seven days they were to provide daily a he-goat for a sin offering, and a young bull and a ram, Ezekiel 43:23-25. Also 'on that day' the prince on behalf of all the people was to provide a young bull for a sin offering, and on the seven days of the feast seven young bulls and seven rams, together with the minchah, as a burnt offering, Ezekiel 45:22-24; and on the sabbath day he was to provide six lambs and a ram, Ezekiel 46:4; 6.

[5] As regards the New Temple and the New Jerusalem, these in the universal sense mean the Lord's kingdom, see 402, 940, and in particular a new Church, 2117. There neither burnt offerings nor sacrifices are offered, as may be well known to all; and from this it is evident that burnt offerings and sacrifices mean the celestial things of love and the spiritual things of faith; for these things belong to the Lord's kingdom, and so are akin to the things meant here by young bulls, rams, and lambs. As regards the young bulls and rams, these mean spiritual things, as is clear from each detail in this part of Ezekiel in the internal sense - in general from the fact that specifically the New Temple and the New Jerusalem mean the Lord's spiritual kingdom, while Zion means the celestial kingdom.

[6] That 'a ram' means that which is spiritual, or what amounts to the same, those who are spiritual, is also evident in Daniel. Daniel saw a ram with two horns which was standing before the river; and then he saw a he-goat which struck the ram, broke its horns, and trampled on it, Daniel 8:3-4, and following verses. Here 'the ram' is used to mean nothing else than the spiritual Church, and 'the he-goat' to mean those who are governed by faith separated from charity, that is, by truth separated from good, and who step by step rise up against what is good, and finally against the Lord - as is also described. In Samuel,

Samuel said to Saul, Does Jehovah delight as greatly in burnt offerings and sacrifices as in hearkening to the voice of Jehovah? Behold, to hearken is better than sacrifice, and to obey than the fat of rams. 1 Samuel 15:22.

Here, since it is obedience - and so truth, which is spiritual - that is spoken of, and since what was said was addressed to the king - who also means truth, 1672, 2015, 2069 - the words used are not therefore 'better than the fat of oxen (or of lambs)' but 'better than the fat of rams'.

[7] In David,

When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a foreign people, Judah became His sanctuary, Israel His dominions. The sea looked and fled, and Jordan turned itself backwards. The mountains skipped like rams, the hills like the young of the flock. What ails you, O sea, that you flee? O Jordan, that you turn yourself backwards? O mountains, that you skip like rams? O hills, like the young of the flock? At the presence of the Lord, you are in labour, O earth; at the presence of the God of Jacob, who turns the rock into a pool of water, and the flint into a fountain of water. Psalms 114:1-end.

This refers in the internal sense to spiritual good following regeneration and describes the nature of that good. The celestial-spiritual nature of it is described as the mountains skipping like rams, and the celestial-natural as hills doing so like the young of the flock - 'mountains' meaning the celestial things of love, see 795, 1430. Anyone may see that these words, like all the rest of David's, contain matters that are holy, but within the internal sense, and that something spiritual is meant by the mountains skipping like rams, and the hills like the young of the flock, and by the earth going into labour at the presence of the Lord. Without the internal sense they would be expressions devoid of any real meaning.

[8] Much the same applies to the following in Moses,

He will cause him to ride over the heights of the land, and will cause him to eat the produce of the land, and will cause him to suck honey out of the crag, and oil out of the flinty rock - butter from the cattle, and milk from the flock, with the fat of lambs and rams, the breed 1 of Bashan, and of goats, with the kidney-fat of wheat; and of the blood of the grape you will drink unmixed wine. Deuteronomy 32:13-15.

'Rams, the breed of Bashan' stands for celestial-spiritual things. As to what celestial-spiritual things are, see 1824. In David,

I will offer to You burnt offerings of things full of marrow, with the incense of rams; I will provide ox with he-goats. Psalms 66:15.

'Burnt offerings of things full of marrow' stands for the celestial things of love, 'incense of rams' for the spiritual things of faith.

[9] In Ezekiel,

Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, these were the merchants of your hand in lambs, in rams and he-goats. Ezekiel 27:21.

This refers to Tyre, which means those with whom cognitions of good and truth exist, 1201. 'Arabia' stands for their wisdom, 'princes of Kedar' for their intelligence, 'lambs' for celestial things, 'rams' for spiritual things, 'he-goats' for natural things, which come in order one after another. In Isaiah,

The whole flock of Kedar will be gathered to You, the rams of Nebaioth will minister to You; they will come up with acceptance on My altar, and I will beautify My beautiful house. Isaiah 60:7.

This refers to the Lord's Divine Human. 'The flock of Kedar' stands for Divine celestial things, 'the rams of Nebaioth' for Divine spiritual things. From all these references it may now become clear that 'a ram' in the internal sense means the Lord's Divine spiritual; and from this it means that which is spiritual with man, or what amounts to the same, it means spiritual members of the human race.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, sons

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.