1154. Aschkenas, Riphath et Thogarmah furent autant de nations chez lesquelles exista un tel culte, et par lesquelles sont signifiés autant de points de doctrine, qui furent des rites dérivés du culte externe chez Gomer : c'est ce qu'on voit dans les Prophètes où les mêmes nations sont aussi nommées, et partout elles signifient les points de doctrine ou les rites, dans l'un et l'autre sens, comme d'ordinaire, tantôt dans le sens pur, tantôt dans l'opposé. Il est parlé d'Aschkenas dans Jérémie :

« Levez l'étendard sur la » terre ; sonnez de la trompette parmi les nations ; poussez par consécration les nations contre elle ; faites entendre contre elle les royaumes, Ararat, Minni et Aschkenas. » - Jérémie 51:27.

Il s’agit là de la destruction de Babel ; Aschkenas est son culte idolâtrique ou le culte externe séparé de l'interne, culte qui détruit Babel ; Aschkenas y représente spécialement les faux points de doctrine, ainsi il est pris dans le sens opposé. Il est question de Thogarmah, dans Ézéchiel :

« Javan, Thubal et Meschech, voilà tes commerçants en fait d'âme d'homme ; et ils ont donné des vases

« d’airain pour ton négoce. De Beththogarmah on a donné des chevaux, et des cavaliers, et les mulets pour les subsides. » - Ézéchiel 27:13-14.

Il s’agit là de Tyr, par laquelle ont été représentés ceux qui ont possédé les connaissances des choses célestes et spirituelles ; Javan, Thubal et Meschech sont, comme ci-dessus, différents rites représentatifs ou correspondants ; il en est de même de Beththogarmah ; les rites externes représentés par ceux-là concernent les célestes, mais le rite représenté par celui-ci ou par Beththogarmah concerne les spirituels, ainsi qu'il résulte de la signification des choses avec lesquelles s'est fait le commerce ; Beththogarmah est pris dans le sens pur.

Dans le Même : Gomer et

« tous ses bataillons, Beththogarmah les côtés du septentrion et » tous ses bataillons. » - , ,

2807. 'Abraham said, God will see for Himself to the animal for a burnt offering, my son' means the reply: The Divine Human will provide those who are to be sanctified. This is clear from the meaning of 'seeing to for oneself', when used in reference to God, as foreseeing and providing - for 'to see' in the internal sense nearest to the literal means to understand, 2150, 2325, whereas in the sense yet more interior it means having faith, 897, 2325, while in the highest sense it means foreseeing and providing; and also from the meaning of 'the animal for a burnt offering' as those members of the human race who are to be sanctified, dealt with just above in 2805. That 'the animal for a burnt offering' is here used to mean those who are spiritual is evident from what follows. The kinds of animals used for burnt offering and sacrifice each had a different meaning. That is to say, a lamb meant one thing, a sheep another, a kid and she-goat another, a ram and he-goat another, an ox yet another, as did a young bull and a calf. And young pigeons and turtle doves had meanings different again. It is quite clear that each kind of animal had its own meaning from the fact that it was laid down explicitly which kind were to be sacrificed on each particular day, at each particular religious festival, when atonement was being made, cleansing effected, inauguration carried out, and all other occasions. Which kinds were to be used on which occasions would never have been laid down so explicitly unless each one had possessed some specific meaning.

[2] Clearly all the religious observances or forms of external worship which existed in the Ancient Church, and subsequently in the Jewish, represented the Lord, so that the burnt offerings and sacrifices in particular represented Him since these were the chief forms of worship among the Hebrew nation. And because they represented the Lord they also at the same time represented among men those things that are the Lord's, that is to say, the celestial things of love, and the spiritual things of faith, and as a consequence of this represented the people themselves who were celestial and spiritual or who ought to have been so. This is why 'the animal' here means those who are spiritual, that is, those who belong to the Lord's spiritual Church. As regards 'God will see for Himself to the animal for a burnt offering, my son' meaning that the Divine Human will provide them, this is clear from the fact that here it is not said that 'Jehovah' will see to it but that 'God' will do so. When both of these names occur, as they do in this chapter, Jehovah is used to mean the same as 'the Father', and God the same as 'the Son', so that here the Divine Human is meant; and a further reason for the usage is that the spiritual man, whose salvation comes from the Divine Human, is the subject, see 2661, 2716.