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Exode 21

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1 Voici les lois que tu leur présenteras.

2 Si tu achètes un esclave hébreu, il servira six années; mais la septième, il sortira libre, sans rien payer.

3 S'il est entré seul, il sortira seul; s'il avait une femme, sa femme sortira avec lui.

4 Si c'est son maître qui lui a donné une femme, et qu'il en ait eu des fils ou des filles, la femme et ses enfants seront à son maître, et il sortira seul.

5 Si l'esclave dit: J'aime mon maître, ma femme et mes enfants, je ne veux pas sortir libre, -

6 alors son maître le conduira devant Dieu, et le fera approcher de la porte ou du poteau, et son maître lui percera l'oreille avec un poinçon, et l'esclave sera pour toujours à son service.

7 Si un homme vend sa fille pour être esclave, elle ne sortira point comme sortent les esclaves.

8 Si elle déplaît à son maître, qui s'était proposé de la prendre pour femme, il facilitera son rachat; mais il n'aura pas le pouvoir de la vendre à des étrangers, après lui avoir été infidèle.

9 S'il la destine à son fils, il agira envers elle selon le droit des filles.

10 S'il prend une autre femme, il ne retranchera rien pour la première à la nourriture, au vêtement, et au droit conjugal.

11 Et s'il ne fait pas pour elle ces trois choses, elle pourra sortir sans rien payer, sans donner de l'argent.

12 Celui qui frappera un homme mortellement sera puni de mort.

13 S'il ne lui a point dressé d'embûches, et que Dieu l'ait fait tomber sous sa main, je t'établirai un lieu où il pourra se réfugier.

14 Mais si quelqu'un agit méchamment contre son prochain, en employant la ruse pour le tuer, tu l'arracheras même de mon autel, pour le faire mourir.

15 Celui qui frappera son père ou sa mère sera puni de mort.

16 Celui qui dérobera un homme, et qui l'aura vendu ou retenu entre ses mains, sera puni de mort.

17 Celui qui maudira son père ou sa mère sera puni de mort.

18 Si des hommes se querellent, et que l'un d'eux frappe l'autre avec une pierre ou avec le poing, sans causer sa mort, mais en l'obligeant à garder le lit,

19 celui qui aura frappé ne sera point puni, dans le cas où l'autre viendrait à se lever et à se promener dehors avec son bâton. Seulement, il le dédommagera de son interruption de travail, et il le fera soigner jusqu'à sa guérison.

20 Si un homme frappe du bâton son esclave, homme ou femme, et que l'esclave meure sous sa main, le maître sera puni.

21 Mais s'il survit un jour ou deux, le maître ne sera point puni; car c'est son argent.

22 Si des hommes se querellent, et qu'ils heurtent une femme enceinte, et la fassent accoucher, sans autre accident, ils seront punis d'une amende imposée par le mari de la femme, et qu'ils paieront devant les juges.

23 Mais s'il y a un accident, tu donneras vie pour vie,

24 oeil pour oeil, dent pour dent, main pour main, pied pour pied,

25 brûlure pour brûlure, blessure pour blessure, meurtrissure pour meurtrissure.

26 Si un homme frappe l'oeil de son esclave, homme ou femme, et qu'il lui fasse perdre l'oeil, il le mettra en liberté, pour prix de son oeil.

27 Et s'il fait tomber une dent à son esclave, homme ou femme, il le mettra en liberté, pour prix de sa dent.

28 Si un boeuf frappe de ses cornes un homme ou une femme, et que la mort en soit la suite, le boeuf sera lapidé, sa chair ne sera point mangée, et le maître du boeuf ne sera point puni.

29 Mais si le boeuf était auparavant sujet à frapper, et qu'on en ait averti le maître, qui ne l'a point surveillé, le boeuf sera lapidé, dans le cas où il tuerait un homme ou une femme, et son maître sera puni de mort.

30 Si on impose au maître un prix pour le rachat de sa vie, il paiera tout ce qui lui sera imposé.

31 Lorsque le boeuf frappera un fils ou une fille, cette loi recevra son application;

32 mais si le boeuf frappe un esclave, homme ou femme, on donnera trente sicles d'argent au maître de l'esclave, et le boeuf sera lapidé.

33 Si un homme met à découvert une citerne, ou si un homme en creuse une et ne la couvre pas, et qu'il y tombe un boeuf ou un âne,

34 le possesseur de la citerne paiera au maître la valeur de l'animal en argent, et aura pour lui l'animal mort.

35 Si le boeuf d'un homme frappe de ses cornes le boeuf d'un autre homme, et que la mort en soit la suite, ils vendront le boeuf vivant et en partageront le prix; ils partageront aussi le boeuf mort.

36 Mais s'il est connu que le boeuf était auparavant sujet à frapper, et que son maître ne l'ait point surveillé, ce maître rendra boeuf pour boeuf, et aura pour lui le boeuf mort.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Exodus 21

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff

Arcana Coelestia 8970. In this chapter in the internal sense the subject treated of is those who injure or destroy, in themselves or in others, the truth of faith or the good of charity; what is the penalty; and what the restoration. Such things are here involved in the judgments or laws relating to servants, to the death or injury occasioned to companions or to servants, also relating to oxen that strike with the horn, and to a pit.

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Arcana Coelestia # 8970

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8970. Exodus 21

1. And these are the judgements which you shall set before them.

2. When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing.

3. If he comes in his body, he shall go out in his body; 1 if he is master of a woman, 2 his woman shall go out with him.

4. If his master has given him a woman and she has borne him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out in his body 3 .

5. And if the slave says plainly, I love my master, my woman, and my children, I will not go out free;

6. His master shall bring him to God, and shall bring him to the door or to the doorpost. And his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him forever.

7. And when a man sells his daughter to be a female slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do 4 .

8. If she is bad 5 in the eyes of her master, so that he does not betroth her, let her be redeemed. He shall have no power to sell her to a foreign people 6 - he would be acting treacherously towards her.

9. And if he betroths her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the judgement of daughters 7 .

10. If he takes another one for himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights.

11. And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, for no silver.

12. Anyone striking a man - and he dies - shall surely die.

13. And one who did not lie in wait, and God caused it to happen at his hand - I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.

14. And when a man acts from set purpose against his companion, to kill him with guile, you shall take him from My altar to die.

15. And anyone striking his father and his mother shall surely die.

16. And anyone stealing a man and selling him - and he is found in his hand - shall surely die.

17. And anyone cursing his father and his mother shall surely die.

18. And when men quarrel, and a man strikes his companion with a stone or a fist, and he does not die, and lies down in bed, 8

19. If he rises up and walks outside on his staff, the striker shall be innocent; but he shall pay for his cessation [from work] 9 and thoroughly cure him. 10

20. And when a man strikes his male slave or his female slave with a rod, and [the slave] dies under his hand, he shall certainly be avenged.

21. However, if [the slave] stands for a day or two, 11 he shall not be avenged, since he is his silver.

22. And when men brawl and inflict a blow on a pregnant woman, and her offspring come out, and no harm is done, [the one inflicting the blow] shall surely be fined, as the master of the woman 12 imposes on him; and he shall pay in accordance with the judges. 13

23. And if harm is done, you shall pay soul for soul,

24. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25. Burning for burning, wound for wound, blow for blow.

26. And when a man strikes the eye of his male slave, or the eye of his female slave, and destroys it, he shall send him away free for his eye.

27. And if he strikes out the tooth of his male slave or the tooth of his female slave, he shall send him away free for his tooth.

28. And when an ox strikes a man or a woman with its horn, and [the person] dies, the ox shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; and the owner 14 of the ox shall be guiltless.

29. And if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, 15 and this has been testified to its owner. 14 and he does not keep it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and also its owner 14 shall die.

30. If expiation has been imposed on him, 16 he shall pay for the redemption of his soul according to all that has been imposed on him.

31. Whether it strikes a son with its horn or strikes a daughter with its horn, according to this judgement it shall be done to him.

32. If the ox strikes a male slave with its horn, or a female slave, [the owner] shall give their master thirty shekels of silver; and the ox shall be stoned.

33. And when a man opens a pit, or when a man digs a pit, and does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into it,

34. The owner 14 of the pit shall make repayment; he shall give silver to its owner, 14 and the dead [animal] shall be his.

35. And when a man's ox inflicts a blow on his companion's ox, and it dies, they shall sell the living ox, and divide the silver from it; and they shall also divide the dead one.

36. Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, 17 and its owner 18 does not keep it in, he shall surely repay ox for ox; and the dead one shall be his. 19

37. When a man steals an ox or a member of the flock, and slaughters it or sells it, he shall repay five oxen for the ox, and four of the flock for the member of the flock.

CONTENTS

This chapter deals in the internal sense with those who injure or destroy the truth of faith or the good of charity present with themselves or with others; it states what punishment is incurred, and how restoration is effected. Such matters are embodied in the judgements or laws there regarding slaves; regarding death or harm inflicted on companions, or on slaves; and also regarding oxen accustomed to gore, and regarding a pit.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. i.e. If he comes in single, he shall go out single.

2. i.e. if he is married

3. i.e. alone

4. literally, she shall not go out according to the going out of male slaves

5. i.e. one whom he does not find attractive enough for him to make her his concubine or 'secondary wife'

6. literally, people of the foreigner

7. i.e. she shall have the same rights as a daughter

8. i.e. is confined to bed

9. i.e. recompense him for the time he has been unable to work

10. i.e. see to it that he makes a full recovery

11. i.e. does not die within two days after being struck

12. i.e. the woman's man or husband

13. i.e. as the judges determine

14. literally, lord or master

15. literally, from yesterday three days ago

16. i.e. If he must make atonement

17. literally, from yesterday three days ago

18. literally, lord or master

19. In English versions of the Scriptures Exodus 21 ends here.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.