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Tredje Mosebog 22

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1 HE EN talede fremdeles til Moses og sagde:

2 Sig til Aron og hans Sønner, at de skal behandle Israeliternes Helliggaver, som de helliger mig, med Erefrygt, for at de ikke skal vanhellige mit hellige Navn. Jeg er HE EN!

3 Sig til dem: Enhver af alle eders Efterkommere, som i de kommende Slægter i uren Tilstand kommer de Helliggaver nær, Israeliterne helliger HE EN, det Menneske skal udryddes fra mit Åsyn. Jeg er HE EN!

4 Ingen af Arons Efterkommere, der er spedalsk eller lider af Flåd, må spise noget af Helliggaverne, før han bliver ren; den, der rører ved en, som er uren ved Lig, eller den, fra hvem der går Sæd,

5 eller den, der rører ved noget Slags Kryb, ved hvilket man bliver uren, eller ved et Menneske, ved hvem man bliver uren, af hvad Art hans Urenhed være kan,

6 enhver, der rører ved noget sådant, skal være uren til Aften og må ikke spise af Helliggaverne, før han har badet sit Legeme i Vand.

7 Når Solen går ned, er han ren, og derefter må han spise af Helliggaverne, thi de er hans Mad.

8 Selvdøde og sønderrevne Dyr må han ikke spise for ikke at gøre sig uren derved. Jeg er HE EN!

9 De skal overholde mine Forskrifter, at de ikke skal pådrage sig Synd og derfor, fordi de vanhelliger det. Jeg er HE EN, som helliger dem.

10 Ingen Lægmand må spise af det hellige; hverken den indvandrede hos Præsten eller hans Daglejer må spise af det hellige.

11 Men når en Præst for sine Penge køber sig en Træl, da må denne spise deraf, og ligeledes må hans hjemmefødte Trælle spise af hans Mad.

12 Når en Præstedatter ægter en Lægmand, må hun ikke spise af de ydede Helliggaver;

13 men når en Præstedatter bliver Enke eller forstødes uden at have Børn og vender tilbage til sin Faders Hus og er der som i sine unge År, da må hun spise af sin Faders Mad. Men ingen Lægmand må spise deraf.

14 Når nogen af Vanvare kommer til at spise af det hellige, skal han erstatte Præsten det hellige med Tillæg af en Femtedel.

15 Præsterne må ikke vanhellige de Helliggaver, Israeliterne yder HE EN,

16 og således bringe Brøde og Skyld over dem, når de spiser deres Helliggaver; thi jeg er HE EN, som helliger dem.

17 HE EN talede fremdeles til Moses og sagde:

18 Tal til Aron og hans Sønner og alle Israeliterne og sig til dem: Om nogen af Israels Hus eller af de fremmede i Israel bringer sin Offergave, hvad enten det er deres Løfteoffer eller Frivilligoffer, de bringer HE EN som Brændoffer,

19 så skal I bringe dem således, at I kan vinde Guds Velbehag, et lydefrit Handyr af Hornkvæget, Fårene eller Gederne;

20 I må ikke ofre noget Dyr, der har en Legemsfejl, thi derved vinder I ikke eders Guds Velbehag.

21 Når nogen bringer HE EN et Takoffer af Hornkvæget eller Småkvæget enten for at indfri et Løfte eller som Frivilligoffer, da skal det være et lydefrit Dyr, for at det kan vinde Guds Velbehag; det må ingen som helst Legemsfejl have;

22 et blindt Dyr eller et Dyr med Brud på Lemmerne eller et såret Dyr eller et Dyr, der lider af Bylder, Skab eller ingorm, sådanne Dyr må I ikke bringe HE EN, og I må ikke lægge noget Ildoffer af den Slags på Alteret for HE EN.

23 Et Stykke Hornkvæg eller Småkvæg med en for lang eller forkrøblet Legemsdel kan du bruge som Frivillig offer, men som Løfteoffer vinder det ikke Guds Velbehag.

24 Dyr med udklemte, knuste, afrevne eller bortskårne Testikler må I ikke bringe HE EN; således må I ikke bære eder ad i eders Land.

25 Heller ikke må I af en Udlænding købe den Slags Dyr og ofre dem som eders Guds Spise, thi de har en Lyde, de har en Legemsfejl; ved dem vinder I ikke Guds Velbehag.

26 HE EN talede fremdeles til Moses og sagde:

27 Når der fødes et Stykke Hornkvæg, et Får eller en Ged, skal de blive syv Dage hos Moderen; men fra den ottende Dag er de skikkede til at vinde HE ENs Velbehag som Ildoffergave til HE EN.

28 I må ikke slagte et Stykke Hornkvæg eller Småkvæg samme Dag som dets Afkom.

29 Når I ofrer et Lovprisningsoffer til HE EN, skal I ofre det således, at det kan vinde eder Guds Velbehag.

30 Det skal spises samme Dag, I må intet levne deraf til næste Morgen. Jeg er HE EN!

31 I skal holde mine Bud og handle efter dem. Jeg er HE EN!

32 I må ikke vanhellige mit hellige Navn, for at jeg må blive helliget blandt Israeliterne. Jeg er HE EN, som helliger eder,

33 som førte eder ud af Ægypten for at være eders Gud. Jeg er HE EN!

   


The Project Gutenberg Association at Carnegie Mellon University

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Stranger

  

The word "stranger" is used many times in the Bible, and it is sometimes paired with the word "sojourner". They are different concepts in the Hebrew, and some translations make the mistake of using them interchangeably. 'A sojourner', like 'a stranger', indicates a newcomer and inhabitant from another land; but 'a sojourner' refers to people who were taught and accepted the Church's truths, whereas those who were not taught them because they were unwilling to accept them are called 'strangers'. (Arcana Coelestia 8002)

In Ezekiel 28:7, 'strangers' signify falsities which destroy truths, and 'the terrible of the nations' signifies evils which destroy good.

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Arcana Coelestia # 8002

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8002. 'A stranger and a hired servant shall not eat it' means that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good, and those who do it for the sake of gain, shall not be together with them. This is clear from the meaning of 'a stranger' as those who are prompted to do good by a merely natural inclination, dealt with below; from the meaning of 'a hired servant' as those who do good for the sake of gain, also dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'not eating it' as not being together with them, dealt with immediately above in 8001. 'A stranger' means those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good because strangers were newcomers from other peoples. They were inhabitants, dwelling with the Israelites and Jews in one house; and 'dwelling with' means sharing in the same good. But since, as has just been said, they were from peoples outside the Church the good that is meant is not a kind of good that is prominent in the Church but is the kind to be found outside the Church. And this is called natural good because it is a product of the hereditary inclinations that a person is born with. With some people such good may also be the product of poor health or debility of mind. This is what one should understand when the good done by those meant by 'strangers' is mentioned.

[2] This kind of good is completely different from the good prominent in the Church, for by means of the Church's kind of good conscience is established in a person; and conscience is the level on which the angels come in and which brings him into company with them. Natural good cannot provide any such level for angels to enter. Those whose good is natural do good in the dark, led by blind instinct, not in the light of truth, under the influence of heaven. In the next life therefore they are carried away like chaff by the wind, by anyone and everyone, whether evil or good, but especially by an evil person who knows how to add a certain amount of charm and persuasion to his arguments. Nor can angels at this time guide them away, for angels operate through the truths and forms of the good of faith; they enter in on the level formed within a person out of those truths and forms of the good of faith. From all this it is evident that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good cannot be integrated among angels. Regarding these people and their lot in the next life, see 3470, 3471, 3518, 4988, 4992, 5032, 6208, 7197.

[3] The fact that 'strangers' are those who are not in their own land nor in their own house but are those staying in a foreign land is clear in Moses,

The land shall [not] be sold outright, for the land is Mine; but you are sojourners and strangers with Me. Leviticus 25:23.

In David,

Hear my prayers, O Jehovah; do not be silent at my tears. For I am a sojourner with You, a stranger as all my fathers were. Psalms 39:12.

And in the Book of Genesis,

Abraham said to the sons of Heth, I am a sojourner and a stranger among you; give me possession of a grave. Genesis 13:3-4.

'A sojourner', like 'a stranger', means a newcomer and inhabitant from another land; but 'a sojourner' means those who were taught and accepted the Church's truths, whereas those who were not taught them because they were unwilling to accept them are meant by 'strangers'.

[4] As for hired servants, they were people who worked for wages; they were servants, but not ones who had been bought. The fact that they were called 'hired', see Leviticus 19:13; 25:4-6; Deuteronomy 24:14-15. Because hired servants were those who worked for wages they mean in the internal sense those who do good for the sake of gain in the world, and in a yet more internal sense those who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, thus those who wish to earn merit through works.

[5] Those who do good solely for the sake of gain in the world cannot possibly be integrated among angels, since their final objective for doing it is the world, that is, affluence and prestige, not heaven, that is, the blessedness and happiness of their souls. The final objective is what gives direction to actions and what gives them their specific character. Those who do good solely for the sake of gain are described by the Lord as follows in John,

I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life 1 for the sheep. But a hired servant, he who is not the shepherd, whose sheep are not his own, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees; and the wolf seizes them, and scatters the sheep. But the hired servant flees because he is a hired servant. John 10:11-13.

And in Jeremiah,

A very beautiful heifer was Egypt; destruction has come from the north. Her hired servants are like calves of the stall, 2 for they also have turned about, fled away together, and not made a stand, because the day of their ruin has come upon them. Jeremiah 46:20-21.

[6] A law forbidding strangers and hired servants to share in holy things along with those belonging to the Church is stated in Moses as follows,

No outsider shall eat what is holy; a stranger staying with a priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat what is holy. Leviticus 22:10.

And a law which allowed people to buy from the sons of strangers slaves who would serve them for evermore appears in the same book,

You shall buy a male or a female slave from the nations that are around you. And also from the sons of strangers sojourning among you - from them you shall buy, and from their families which are with you, even if they were born in your land, in order that they may be your possession. And you may pass them on as an inheritance to your sons after you to inherit as a possession. Forever you shall be their masters. Leviticus 25:44-46.

'The sons of strangers' means factual knowledge acquired with the aid of merely natural light. The necessity for spiritual truths to dominate that knowledge is meant by the law that slaves should be bought from the sons of strangers as possessions for evermore.

[7] People however who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, people who are also meant by 'hired servants', differ from those spoken about immediately above, in that they have life and happiness in heaven as their final objective. But this objective turns and alters the direction of their Divine worship away from the Lord towards themselves, as a consequence of which they want things to go well only for themselves, not for others except insofar as these want the same for them. When this is so self-love resides in their every desire, not love of the neighbour; that is, they do not have any genuine charity. Nor can these people be integrated among angels, for angels utterly loathe both the word and the notion of reward or repayment. The Lord teaches in Luke that one ought to do what is good without reward as the objective,

Love your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing from it; then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Highest. Luke 6:32-35; 14:12-14.

Regarding the nature of good deeds performed to earn merit, see 1110, 1111, 1774, 1835, 1877, 2027, 2273, 2340, 2373, 2400, 3816, 4007 (end), 4174, 4943, 6388-6390, 6392, 6393, 6478.

[8] The reason why the Lord says so many times that those who do good will have their reward in heaven - as in Matthew 5:11-12; 6:1-2, 26; 10:41-42; 20:1-16; Mark 9:41; Luke 6:23, 35; 14:14; John 4:36 - is that before a person has been regenerated he cannot help thinking about reward. But it is different once he has been regenerated. Then he is indignant if anyone thinks that he does good to his neighbour for the sake of reward; for he feels delight and bliss in the doing of good, but not in repayment. In the internal sense 'reward' is the delight belonging to the affection that goes with charity, see 3816, 3956, 6388, 6478.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, soul

2. i.e. mercenaries who are like fat bulls

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.