921. “挪亚筑了一座祭坛给耶和华” 表主的一个代表. 这一点从刚才所述清楚可知. 古教会的所有宗教仪式都是主的代表, 如犹太教会那样. 但后世的主要代表是祭坛和燔祭. 献燔祭要用洁净的畜类和洁净的鸟类, 它们照各自的意义而具有代表性, 洁净的畜类表仁之善, 洁净的鸟类表信之真. 当古教会成员献上这些东西时, 就表示他们正在向主献上这些善与真的礼物. 只有将这些东西献给主才会讨祂喜悦. 而他们的后代, 如外邦人, 还有犹太人, 却败坏了这些祭物, 甚至不知道它们具有这样的意义. 他们的敬拜仅仅局限于外在事物.

这个祭坛是主的主要代表. 这一点可从以下事实清楚看出来, 即在设立其它仪式, 制作约柜, 建造圣殿之前, 连外邦人当中也有祭坛. 这可从亚伯兰明显看出来, 如他来到伯特利东边的山上, 在那里筑了一座坛, 求告耶和华的名 (创世记 12:8); 后来他被吩咐把以撒作为燔祭献在坛上 (创世记 22:2, 9), 雅各 (Jacob) 在路斯或伯特利筑了一座坛 (创世记 35:6, 7); 摩西在西奈山下筑了一座坛, 并献燔祭 (出埃及记 24:4-6). 所有这一切都发生在设立犹太人的祭祀和制作约柜之前, 后来在旷野有约柜的地方举行敬拜. 外邦人中也有祭坛的事实同样从巴兰明显看出来, 巴兰对巴勒说, 他当筑七座坛, 预备七只牛和七只羊 (民数记 23:1-7, 15-18, 29, 30); 还可从摧毁列国祭坛的命令明显看出来 (申命记 7:5; 士师记 2:2). 所以, 用祭坛和燔祭进行神圣敬拜并非犹太人所创的新鲜事. 事实上, 就在人们想宰杀小公牛和其它动物作祭品以示纪念之前, 他们就在筑坛了.

“祭坛” 表主的一个代表, 因此 “献燔祭” 表敬拜祂. 这一点明显可见于先知书, 如在摩西书中, 当论及拥有祭司职位的利未时:

他们要将你的典章教训雅各, 将你的律法教训以色列. 他们要把香焚在你鼻孔前, 把全牲的燔祭献在你的坛上. (申命记 33:10)

这段经文表敬拜的全部. “将你的典章教训雅各 (Jacob), 将你的律法教训以色列” 表内在敬拜, 而 “要把香焚在你鼻孔前, 把全牲的燔祭献在你的坛上” 则表相应的外在敬拜, 因而表敬拜的全部. 以赛亚书:

当那日, 人必仰望造他们的主, 眼目重看以色列的圣者. 他必不仰望祭坛, 就是自己手所筑的. (以赛亚书 17:7, 8)

此处 “仰望祭坛” 明显表示要被废除的一般代表性敬拜. 又:

当那日, 在埃及陆地中间必有为耶和华筑的一座坛, 在埃及的边界上必有为耶和华立的一根柱. (以赛亚书 19:19)

此处 “祭坛” 同样表外在敬拜.

耶利米哀歌:

主丢弃自己的祭坛, 憎恶自己的圣所. (耶利米哀歌 1:7)

“祭坛” 表变成偶像崇拜的代表性敬拜. 何西阿书:

以法莲为赎罪增添祭坛, 因此, 它们成了使他犯罪的祭坛. (何西阿书 8:11)

此处 “祭坛” 表脱离内在敬拜的所有代表性敬拜, 因而表偶像崇拜之物. 又:

亚文的高丘, 就是以色列取罪的地方, 必被毁灭. 荆棘和蒺藜必长在他们的祭坛上. (何西阿书 10:8)

此处 “祭坛” 也表偶像崇拜. 阿摩司书:

我讨罚以色列罪孽的日子, 也要讨罚伯特利的祭坛, 祭坛的角必被砍下. (阿摩司书 3:14)

此处 “祭坛” 同样表已变成偶像崇拜的代表性敬拜.

诗篇:

求你带我到你的圣山, 到你的居所! 我就走到神的祭坛, 到我最喜乐的神那里. (诗篇 43:3, 4)

此处 “祭坛” 明显表示主. 在古时和犹太教会, 制作一个祭坛表示主的一个代表. 由于对主的敬拜主要通过燔祭和祭物来进行, 因而这些事物表示主要的代表性敬拜, 故显而易见, 祭坛本身表示这种代表性敬拜本身.

248. The Jewish church and Jews. ¹ The statutes, judgments, and laws that were commanded in the Jewish church were somewhat like those of the ancient church: 4449, 4834. How the symbolic rites of the Jewish church differed from the symbolic rites of the ancient church: 4288, 10149. A symbolic church was established for the people of that nation, but there was no real church among them: 4899, 4912, 6304. So they had something that symbolized a church but not an actual church: 4281, 4288, 4311, 4500, 6304, 7048, 9320, 10396, 10526, 10531, 10698. Because of the stubborn insistence of their ancestors and Moses, the Israelite and Jewish people were accepted as a church, not because they actually were a chosen people but rather so that they would symbolize a church: 4290, 4293, 7051, 7439, 10430, 10535, 10632. Their worship was solely external, without any inner worship: 1200, 3147, 3479, 8871. They knew absolutely nothing about inner worship and did not want to know: 301, 302, 303, 3479, 4429, 4433, 4680, 4844, 4847, 10396, 10401, 10407, 10694, 10701, 10707. What they thought of the inner aspects of worship, the church, and the Word: 4865. Their inner natures were foul, full of their love for themselves and the world and of avarice: 3480, 9962, 10454-10457, 10462-10466, 10575. Therefore the inner teachings of the church were not disclosed to them, because otherwise they would have defiled them: 2520, 3398, 3480, 4289. The Word was completely closed to them: 3769. They saw the Word from the outside and not from the inside (10549, 10550, 10551), so their inner self was closed when they were engaged in worship (8788, 8806, 9320, 9377, 9380, 9962, 10396, 10401, 10407, 10492, 10498, 10500, 10575, 10629, 10692). All the same, this people was more capable than any other of being outwardly holy despite the fact that their inner self was closed: 4293, 4311, 4903, 9373, 9377, 9380. Their state at such times: 4311. That is also why they have been preserved to this day: 3479. Their holy outward behavior was miraculously raised up and exhibited to heaven by the Lord, and as a result deeper levels of worship, the church, and the Word were perceived there: 3480, 4307, 4311, 6304, 8588, 10499, 10500, 10602. So that this could happen, they were driven by external pressures to a strict observance of their rituals in outward form: 3147, 4281, 8006. Because they could be outwardly holy without inner holiness, they were able to represent what is truly holy in the church and heaven: 3479, 3881, 4208, 6304, 8588, 9377, 10430, 10500, 10570. Nevertheless, they were not interested in what is truly holy: 3479. It does not matter what a person who symbolizes something is like, because symbolism focuses on the issue and not on the person: 665, 1097, 1361, 3147, 3881, 4208, 4281, 4288, 4292, 4500, 6304, 7048, 7439, 8588, 8788, 8806.

[2] Those people were worse than other peoples; a description of what they were like, including material from the Word of both Testaments: 4314, 4316, 4317, 4444, 4503, 4750, 4751, 4815, 4820, 4832, 5057, 5998, 7248, 8819, 9320, 10454-10457, 10462-10466. The tribe of Judah strayed more than the other tribes: 4815. How they took pleasure in cruelly treating other peoples: 5057, 7248, 9320. That people was idolatrous at heart and worshiped other gods more than other peoples did: 3732, 4208, 4281, 4825, 5998, 6877, 7401, 8301, 8871, 8882. Even their worship, seen in the context of that people, was idolatrous, since it was superficial, with no inner substance: 4281, 4825, 8871, 8882. They worshiped Jehovah in name only (6877, 10559, 10560, 10561, 10566), and only because of the miracles he did (4299). It is incorrect to think that the Jews are going to be converted at the end of the church ² and brought back into the land of Canaan: 4847, 7051, 8301. A copious selection of passages from the Word on this subject-passages that are, however, to be understood in their inner meaning and therefore not taken literally: 7051. The Word was changed in its outer meaning because of that people, but not in its inner meaning: 10453, 10461, 10603, 10604. The way Jehovah appeared to them on Mount Sinai was shaped by their own nature, so he appeared in devouring fire, thick cloud, and smoke like that of a furnace: 1861, 6832, 8814, 8819, 9434. The way the Lord appears to each of us depends on what we ourselves are really like-as a life-giving and creative fire if we are devoted to doing good, but as a devouring fire if we are bent on doing evil: 934, 1861, 6832, 8814, 8819, 9434, 10551. One lineage of that people was of Canaanite ancestry and two others were the result of fornication with a daughter-in-law: 1167, 4818, 4820, 4874, 4899, 4913. Those stories represent the nature of their relationship with the inner truth of the church, namely, that it was like that of union with a Canaanite or fornication with a daughter-in-law: 4868, 4874, 4899, 4913. Their state in the other life: 939, 940, 5057.

[3] Because despite all this that people symbolized the church, and because the Word was composed among and about them, their names-for example, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Ephraim, Joseph, and the rest-have divine and heavenly meanings. In its inner meaning, "Judah" means the Lord in respect to his heavenly love and his heavenly kingdom: 3654, 3881, 5583, 5603, 5782, 6363. An explanation of Israel's prophecy concerning Judah in Genesis 49:8-12, which is about the Lord: 6362-6381. Both the tribe of Judah and Judea mean the heavenly church: 3654, 6364. The twelve tribes represented and meant all the aspects of love and faith taken together (3858, 3926, 4060, 6335), and therefore heaven and the church as well (6337, 6637, 7836, 7891). Their meanings depend on the order in which they are named: 3862, 3926, 3939, 4603 and following, 6337, 6640. The twelve tribes were divided into two kingdoms so that the Judeans could represent the heavenly kingdom and the Israelites could represent the spiritual kingdom: 3654, 8770. The seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob means the goodness and truth that belong to the church: 3373, 10445.

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