3147. “又拿水给他洗脚” 表那里的洁净. 这从 “清洗的水”, 或用水清洗和 “脚” 的含义清楚可知: “清洗的水” 或用水清洗是指洁净, 如下文所述; “脚” 是指属世之物, 或也可说, 属世人中的事物 (参看2162节). 在代表性教会, 用水洗脚是一种礼仪, 由此表示洗去属世人的不洁之物. 属世人的不洁之物全都是那些属于我欲和物欲的事物. 这些不洁之物被洗去后, 良善与真理便流入进来, 因为唯独这些不洁之物阻碍良善与真理从主流入.

良善不断从主流入, 但当经由内在人或属灵人抵达外在人或属世人时, 它在那里要么被败坏, 要么被弹回, 要么被窒息. 不过, 属于我欲和物欲的事物被除去后, 良善便在那里被接受, 并结出果实, 因为此时人实践仁爱的行为. 这一事实从多种考虑可以看出来, 如当人处于不幸, 悲伤和疾病状态时, 属于外在人或属世人的事物只是沉寂下来, 这人随即开始虔诚地思考, 并意愿良善, 也开始尽可能地实践敬虔的行为. 不过, 一旦这种状态改变, 所有这些事也会改变.

在古教会, 各种 “洗” 是表示这些事的符号; 但在犹太教会, 它们则成了代表形式. 在古教会, 各种 “洗” 是有意义的符号; 而在犹太教会, 它们则成了代表形式. 这是因为古教会成员将仪式视为敬拜的某种外在行为, 他们并不认为自己通过这种清洗就能洁净, 而是相信通过洗去属世人的污秽才能洁净. 如前所述, 属世人的污秽就是属于我欲和物欲的事物. 而犹太教会成员则认为自己通过这种洗就能洁净, 既不知道, 也不想知道所指是内在的洁净.

“洗” 表示洗去那污秽, 这清楚可见于以赛亚书:

你们要洗濯, 自洁, 从我眼前除掉你们的恶行, 要止住作恶. (以赛亚书 1:16)

显然, 这里的 “洗濯” 表示使自己洁净, 除掉邪恶. 又:

主以审判之灵和清洗之灵, 将锡安女子的污秽洗去, 又将耶路撒冷的血从城当中涮净. (以赛亚书 4:3)

此处 “将锡安女子的污秽洗去, 又将耶路撒冷的血涮净” 表从恶与假中洁净. 耶利米书:

耶路撒冷啊, 你当洗去心中的恶, 使你可以得救. 恶念存在你里面要到几时呢? (耶利米书 4:14)

以西结书:

我用水洗你, 洗净你身上的血, 又用油抹你. (以西结书 16:9);

这论及耶路撒冷, 耶路撒冷在此表示古教会. “用水洗” 表洁除虚假, “洗净血” 表清除邪恶, “用油抹” 表那时充满良善. 诗篇:

求你洗净我的罪孽, 并洁除我的罪! 求你用牛膝草洁净我, 我就干净; 求你洗涤我, 我就比雪更白. (诗篇 51:2, 7)

此处 “洗涤” 明显表示从恶及其假中洁净.

这些就是代表性教会中 “洗” 所表示的事. 为了作代表, 当他们变得不洁, 并且需要洁净时, 该教会就要求人们洗皮肤, 手, 脚, 以及衣服. 所有这些都表示属于属世人的事. 同样为了作代表, 铜造的洗濯盆, 也就是说列王纪上 (7:23-39) 所提到的 “铜海和十个铜盆” 被安在圣殿的外面; 还有亚伦和他儿子用来洗濯的铜盆被放在会幕和坛的中间, 因而在会幕外面 (出埃及记 30:18, 19, 21); 它们也表示仅外在事物或属世之物需要被洁净. 除非它们被洁净, 也就是说, 属于我欲和物欲的事物被除去, 否则, 属于对主和对邻之爱的内在事物绝无可能流入进来, 如前所述.

为了更好地理解这些事, 也就是说, 外在事物需要被洁净, 以善行, 或也可说如今被称作信的果子的仁之良善为例来说明. 这些都是外在事物, 因为它们是仁爱的行为. 若不除去那些属于我欲和物欲的事物, 善行就是恶行. 在除去这些事物之前所做的行为表面上看似良善, 内里其实是邪恶. 因为所做的这些行为要么为名, 要么为利, 要么为个人的荣耀, 要么为回报. 相应地, 它们或是邀功的, 或是虚伪的, 因为属于我欲和物欲的事物使这些行为变得如此. 不过, 一旦除去这些恶, 这些行为就变成良善, 并且是仁之良善. 也就是说, 它们无关自我, 这个世界, 名声或回报, 因而不是邀功或虚伪的. 在这种情况下, 属天之爱和属灵之爱便从主流入这些行为, 并使它们变成行为上的爱与仁. 与此同时, 主还通过这些爱洁净属世人或外在人, 将其整理成序, 以便人相应地接受所流入的属天和属灵之物.

这从主给门徒洗脚时所教导的话非常清楚地看出来. 如我们在约翰福音中读到:

然后, 祂挨到西门彼得, 彼得对他说, 主啊, 你洗我的脚吗? 耶稣回答他说, 我所做的, 你如今不知道, 后来必明白. 彼得对祂说, 你永不可洗我的脚! 耶稣回答他说, 我若不洗你, 你就与我无分了. 西门彼得对祂说, 主啊, 不单我的脚, 还有手和头呢! 耶稣对他说, 凡洗过澡的人, 只要把脚一洗, 全身就干净了; 你们是乾净的, 然而不都是乾净的. (约翰福音 13:4-17)

“凡洗过澡的人, 只要把脚一洗, 全身就干净了” 表凡已被改造的人只需洁净属世之物, 也就是说, 将恶与假从他们身上除去. 这时, 一切事物就都被来自主的属灵之物的流注整理成序了. 此外, “洗脚” 是一种仁爱行为, 意味着人不应老想着别人的邪恶; “洗脚” 还是一种谦卑行为, 意味着洁除别人身上如同身体污秽那样的邪恶. 这也可从主的话明显看出来 (约翰福音 13:12-17; 路加福音 7:37, 38, 44, 46; 约翰福音 11:2; 撒母耳记上 25:41).

谁都能看出, 洗自己不是洁除人的恶与假, 只是洗去附着在人身上的脏东西. 然而, 由于洗礼是教会所规定的仪式之一, 故可知, 它含有某种特定概念, 即属灵的洗礼, 也就是洁除内在附着于人身上的污秽. 因此, 凡教会中知道这些事, 并思想心的洁净, 也就是从属世人中除去我欲和物欲的邪恶, 竭尽全力去实现的人会按照规定奉行作为外在敬拜的洗礼仪式. 但在那些不知道, 也不想知道这些事, 反以为仅洗衣, 洗皮肤, 手和脚这样的仪式就会洁净他们, 并且只要做了这些事, 他们就可以继续过着贪婪, 仇恨, 报复, 无情, 残忍 (所有这些都是属灵的污秽) 的生活之人当中, 举行仪式就是进行偶像崇拜. 尽管如此, 他们仍能通过这种仪式去作代表, 并通过代表去展现教会的某种事物, 从而在主到来之前, 天堂与人类能有某种结合. 然而, 这种结合具有这样的特点: 天堂对教会中人影响很小, 或根本没有任何影响.

犹太人和以色列人是这样: 他们根本不思想内在人, 也不愿了解有关它的任何情况, 因此对关系到死后生命的属天和属灵之物一无所知. 为防止与天堂, 因而与主的一切联系终止, 他们与表示内在事物的外在仪式牢牢绑在一起. 一般来说, 他们的被掳和灾祸都是为了外在仪式因代表的缘故而被严格执行. 正因如此, 摩西要用水洗亚伦和他儿子, 好让他们成圣 (出埃及记 29:4; 40:12; 利未记 8:6). 亚伦和他儿子在进入会幕, 或就近供职的祭坛之前, 要洗水洗脚, 免得死亡; 并且这要作他们永远的定例 (出埃及记 30:18-21; 40:30-31). 穿圣服之前, 亚伦要洗身 (利未记 16:4, 24). 要用除罪水弹在利未人身上, 以洁净他们; 他们要用剃头刀刮全身, 洗衣, 从而洁净自己 (民数记 8:6-7). 凡吃动物尸体, 哪怕是洁净动物, 或被撕裂的尸体之人, 都要用水洗衣洗澡, 若不洗自己洗澡, 他必担当自己的罪孽 (利未记 17:15-16). 凡摸了患漏症人的床, 或坐那人所坐之物的, 凡摸那人身体的, 要用水洗衣洗澡, 并且必不洁净到晚上 (利未记 15:5-7, 10-12等). 那放羊归与阿撒泻勒的人要洗身 (利未记 16:26). 求洁净的麻风病人要洗衣, 剃去毛发, 用水洗澡, 就洁净了 (利未记 14:8, 9). 甚至不洁之人所摸的器皿本身也变得不洁, 要放在水中, 并且必不洁净到晚上 (利未记 11:32). 从所有这些律法可以看出, 没有人通过洗礼的仪式而洁净内在事物, 这种人只是因上述原因而代表灵性上纯洁或洁净的人. 主在马太福音 (15:1-20) 和马可福音 (7:1-23) 非常明确地教导了这一点.

3324. 'Jacob said' means the doctrine of truth. This is clear from the representation of 'Jacob' as the doctrine of natural truth, dealt with in 3305, or what amounts to the same, as those with whom the doctrine of truth predominates. The subject in these verses to the end of this chapter is, To which does the priority of place rightly belong - whether to truth or to good; or what amounts to the same, whether it belongs to the doctrine of truth or to the life within good; or what also amounts to the same, whether it belongs to faith, insofar as faith is the truth taught by doctrine, or to charity, insofar as charity is the good of life? When a person judges things from natural perception he supposes that faith, insofar as it is truth taught by doctrine, is prior to charity, insofar as this is the good of life. He supposes this because he perceives how truth, which is taught by doctrine, enters in, but not how good, which is the good of life, does so; for truth enters in by an external route, that of the senses, whereas good enters in by an internal route. In addition he supposes that faith is prior for the reason that he cannot know other than that truth, since it teaches what good is, exists prior to good, and also for the reason that a person's reformation is effected by means of truth as well as in accordance with truth; indeed he is perfected in good only to the extent that truth can be joined to it, so that good is perfected by means of truth. Yet another reason why he supposes that faith is first is that a person may know the truth and be able to think and speak from it, and to do so seemingly with ardent zeal, even though at the same time no good exists with him; indeed from that truth he may be quite confident of salvation. These and many other considerations cause a person, when judging matters from the sensory and natural man, to think that truth, which constitutes faith, comes before good, which flows from charity. But all these ideas are reasonings based on illusions, for they are things as seen by the sensory and natural man.

[2] That which is prior is good itself - the good of life. This good is the ground itself into which truths are sown, and the nature of the ground determines how the seeds, that is, the truths of faith, are received. Truths are, indeed, able to be stored away previous to this in the memory like seeds in a box or in the crop situated in the gullet of small birds, but they do not become part of a person until the ground is prepared. And the character of the ground, that is, of good, determines that of their growth and fruitfulness. But see what has been shown in many places already regarding these matters. Those places are indicated below so that from them it may be known what good is and what truth is, and that good has priority over truth, not truth over good:

[3] Why no distinct idea may be had of the difference between good and truth, 2507. ¹

Good flows in by an internal route unknown to man, whereas truth is obtained by an external route, which is known to him, 3030, 3098.

Truths are the recipient vessels of good, 1496, 1832, 1900, 2063, 2261, 2269, 3068, 3318.

Good acknowledges its own truth to which it is joined, 3101, 3102, 3179.

Very careful examination is made and precaution taken to prevent falsity being joined to good, or truth to evil, 3033, 3101, 3102.

Good forms for itself the truth to which it is joined since it acknowledges no other as truth than that which accords with it, 3161.

Truth is nothing other than that which springs from good, 2434.

Truth is the form that good takes, 3049.

Truth possesses within itself the image of good, and within good the replica of itself from which it springs, 3180.

The seed that is truth is rooted in the good that stems from charity, 880.

Faith cannot possibly exist except within its own life, that is, within love and charity, 379, 389, 654, 724, 1608, 2343, 2349.

It is possible for truths that constitute matters of doctrine concerning faith to be looked at from love and charity, but not the reverse, 2454.

Looking from faith and not from love and charity is looking behind oneself and turning backwards, 2454.

Truth is given life according to the good anyone has, thus according to the state of innocence and charity residing with that person, 1776, 3111.

Truths of faith can be received only by those who are governed by good, 2343, 2349.

Those who have no charity are not able to acknowledge the Lord, nor thus any truth of faith at all. If they do profess it, it is something external devoid of what is internal, or something that is the product of hypocrisy, 2354.

No faith at all is present where there is no charity, 654, 1162, 1176, 2429.

Wisdom, intelligence, and knowledge are 'the sons' of charity, 1226.

Since love exists with angels, so do intelligence and wisdom, 2500, 2572.

Angelic life consists in the good deeds of charity; and angels are forms of charity, 454, 553.

Love to the Lord is His likeness and charity towards the neighbour His image, 1013.

Angels perceive through love to the Lord anything that is a matter of faith, 202.

Nothing has life except love and affection, 1589.

Those who have mutual love, or charity, have the Lord's life, 1799, 1803.

Love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour is heaven itself, 1802, 1824, 2057, 2130, 2131.

The Lord's presence is relative to the state of love and charity, 904.

All the Ten Commandments and all matters of faith have their origin in charity, 1121, 1798.

Knowledge of matters of doctrine concerning faith achieves nothing if a person does not have charity, for matters of doctrine have charity as the end in view, 2049, 2116.

No acknowledgement of truth, nor thus faith, can exist unless a person is governed by good, 2261.

The holiness of worship depends on the nature of and the amount of the truth of faith that has been implanted in charity, 2190.

There is no salvation through faith but through the life of faith, which is charity, 2228, 2261.

The heavenly kingdom belongs to those who have faith that is the expression of charity, 1608.

In heaven all are viewed from charity and from faith from this, 1258.

They are not allowed into heaven, except by willing what is good from the heart, 2401.

People are saved who possess faith provided that faith includes good, 2261, 2442.

Faith which has not been implanted in the good of life perishes altogether in the next life, 2228.

If faith that is purely thought could save, all would be brought into heaven; but it is because their life prevents them that some are not able to be saved, 2363.

Those who maintain the idea that faith alone saves defile truths with the falsity of that idea, 2383, 2385.

The fruits of faith are good works; a good work is charity; charity is love to the Lord; and that love is the Lord, 1873.

The fruits of faith are the fruit of good which stems from love and charity, 3146.

Trust or confidence which is called faith that saves cannot exist except with those who are leading a good life, 2982.

Good is the life of truth, 1589.

At what point truths may be said to have acquired life, 1928.

Good from the Lord flows into truths of every kind, but it is supremely important that they should be genuine truths, 2531.

The amount of good and truth that flows in from the Lord depends on the extent to which evil and falsity is being removed. 2411, 3142, 3147.

Good cannot flow into truth as long as a person is under the influence of evil, 2388.

Truth is not truth until it has been accepted by good, 2429.

The marriage of good and truth exists in every single thing, 2173, 2508, 2517.

The affection for good constitutes life, and the affection for truth exists for the sake of life, 2455. ¹

Truth tends towards good, and stems from good, 2063.

By means of influx truths are summoned out of the natural man, raised up, and implanted in the good present in the rational, 3085, 3086.

When truth is joined to good it becomes a person's own, 3108.

For truth to be joined to good there has to be consent from the understanding and the will. When there is consent from the will conjunction takes place, 3157, 3158.

Truth in the rational is acquired by means of cognitions, and truths become a person's own when they are joined to good. at which point they belong to the will and exist for the sake of life, 3161.

Truth is introduced and joined to good, not all at once but throughout the whole of life, and beyond, 3200.

Just as light devoid of warmth is unproductive, so is the truth of faith when devoid of good stemming from love, 3146.

The nature of the idea of truth devoid of good, and the nature of its light in the next life, 2228.

Separated faith is like the light in winter, whereas faith derived from charity is like the light in the spring, 2231.

Those who in action separate the truth, which constitutes faith, from charity are unable to have conscience, 1076, 1077.

The reason why they have separated faith from charity and said that faith saved, 2231.

When a person is being regenerated the Lord instills good into the truths residing with him, 2063, 2189.

A person is not regenerated by means of truth but by means of good, 989, 2146, 2183, 2189, 2697.

When a person is being regenerated the Lord comes to meet him and fills the truths residing with him with the good of charity, 2063.

Those who lead a good life but do not have the truth of faith, like gentiles and young children, receive truths of faith in the next life and undergo regeneration, 989; regarding gentiles, 932, 1032, 2049, 2284, 2589-2604; regarding young children, 2290-2293, 2302-2304.

A person is regenerated by means of the affection for truth, and one who is regenerate acts from the affection for good, 1904.

With one who is to be regenerated seed is unable to take root except in good, 880, 989.

The light that a regenerate person has flows from charity, not from faith, 854.

The same truths are indeed truths with one person, but with another less so, and with some they are even falsities; this variation is determined by the good of life in each of them, 2439.

What the difference is between the good of a young child, the good of one who does not know, and the good of one who has intelligence, 2280.

Who are able to enter into cognitions of truth and into faith, and who are not, 2689.

The Church does not exist unless truths of doctrine have been implanted in the good of life, 3310.

Doctrine does not make the Church, but charity, 809, 916, 1798, 1799, 1834, 1844.

The Church's doctrines count for nothing if people do not live according to them, 1515.

The doctrine of faith is the doctrine of charity, 2571.

The Church exists from charity, not from separated faith, 916.

Anyone may know from charity whether the internal dimension of worship exists with him, 1102, 1151, 1153.

The Lord's Church spread throughout the world is everywhere various so far as truths are concerned, but it is one through charity, 3267.

The Church would be one Church if all had charity even though they differed in religious observances and on points of doctrine, 809, 1285, 1316, 1798, 1799, 1834, 1844.

From being many it would become one Church if with everyone charity and not faith were the essential thing of the Church, 2982.

There are two kinds of doctrinal teachings - teachings to do with charity and teachings to do with faith. The Ancient Church possessed matters of doctrine concerning charity which today belong among things that have been lost, 2417.

How ignorant of the truth they are who do not possess matters of doctrine concerning charity, 2435.

And because at the present day faith is regarded as the essential thing of the Church people do not even see or pay any attention to the things that the Lord has said so many times about love and charity, 1017, 2373.

Good that is the expression of love to the Lord and of charity towards the neighbour is higher and prior to truth that constitutes faith, and not the reverse, 363, 364.

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