5620. “一点乳香, 一点蜂蜜” 表外层属世层的良善之真理及其快乐. 这从 “乳香” 的含义清楚可知, “乳香” 是指良善之真理, 或源于良善的真理 (参看4748节). “乳香” 之所以具有这种含义, 是因为它属于香膏, 以及芳香物质. 芳香物质表示诸如属源于良善的真理的那类事物, 当这些物质还具有油膏的性质, 因而在它们的成分中有油质时, 更是如此; 因为 “油” 表示良善 (886, 3728, 4582节). 这乳香是芳香的 (参看创世记 37:25); 因此, 在原文, 这个词表示香膏. 显然, 它是软膏状的, 或油腻的. 由此可见, “乳香” 表示存在于属世层, 在此存在于外层属世层中的良善之真理, 因为经上首先提到 “乳香”, 然后又加上 “蜂蜜”, “蜂蜜” 表示那里的快乐. “蜂蜜” 之所以表示快乐, 是因为它是甜的, 自然界中的一切甜蜜皆对应于灵界中的某种快乐或愉悦. 之所以说它的快乐, 也就是存在于外层属世层中源于良善的真理之快乐, 是因为一切真理, 尤其一切良善之真理都有自己的快乐. 但这快乐源于对这类真理, 因而对它们所提供的功用的一种情感.

“蜂蜜” 表示快乐, 这一事实也可从圣言的其它经文看出来, 如以赛亚书:

必有童女怀孕生子, 给祂起名叫以马内利 (就是神与我们同在的意思). 到祂晓得弃恶择善的时候, 祂必吃奶油与蜂蜜. (以赛亚书 7:14-15)

这论及主; “奶油” 表示属天之物, “蜂蜜” 表示源于属天之物的东西.

同一先知书:

后来因为出的奶多, 他就得吃奶油; 在地中间所剩的人都要吃奶油与蜂蜜. (以赛亚书 7:22)

这论及主的国; “奶” 表示属灵良善; “奶油” 表示属天良善; “蜂蜜” 表示源于这些的事物, 即幸福, 快乐和愉悦.

以西结书:

这样, 你就妆饰了金银, 穿的是细麻衣和丝绸并绣花衣; 吃的是细面, 蜂蜜并油. 你也极其美貌, 发达到了王国的尊荣. 又将我赐给你的细面, 油和蜂蜜都摆在他们面前为馨香之气. (以西结书 16:13, 19)

这论及耶路撒冷, 耶路撒冷表示属灵教会, 经上描述了它在古人当中是什么样, 后来变成什么样; 它 “妆饰了金银” 表示妆饰了属天和属灵的良善和真理; 它 “穿的是细麻衣和丝绸并绣花衣” 表示存在于理性层和属世层的那两个部分中的真理; “细面” 表示属灵之物; “蜂蜜” 表示它的怡人; “油” 表示它的良善. 谁都能看出, 所有这些各自都表示诸如属于天堂的那类事物.

同一先知书:

犹大和以色列地的人都与你交易; 他们用米匿的麦子, 饼, 蜜, 油, 乳香兑换你的货物. (以西结书 27:17)

这论及推罗, 推罗表示属灵教会, 即就对良善与真理的认知而言, 它起初是什么样, 后来变成什么样 (1201节). “蜂蜜” 在此也表示从对认识并学习属天和属灵的良善和真理的情感那里所获得的愉悦和快乐.

摩西五经:

耶和华使他乘驾地的高处, 得吃田间的土产; 又使他从磐石中咂蜜, 从火石中吸油. (申命记 32:13)

这也论及古代的属灵教会; “从磐石中咂蜜” 表示从含有真理在里面的记忆知识中所得的快乐.

诗篇:

我必拿肥美的麦子给他们吃, 又拿从磐石出的蜂蜜叫他们饱足. (诗篇 81:16)

“拿从磐石出的蜂蜜叫他们饱足” 表示从信之真理中所获得的快乐, 或充满来自信之真理的快乐.

申命记:

耶和华领你进入美地, 那地有流水的河, 有从山谷中流出的泉, 源; 那地有小麦, 大麦, 葡萄树, 无花果树, 石榴树; 那地有橄榄树和蜜. (申命记 8:7-8)

这论及迦南地; 在内义上论及主在天上的国度. “那地有橄榄树和蜜” 表示属灵良善及其愉悦.

由于同样的原因, 迦南地被称为 “流奶与蜜之地” (民数记 13:27; 14:8; 申命记 26:9, 15; 27:3; 耶利米书 11:5; 32:22; 以西结书 20:6). 就这些经文的内义而言, 如前所述, “迦南地” 表示主的国度; “流奶” 表示丰盛的属天-属灵事物; “流蜜” 表示从这些所得的丰盛的幸福和快乐.

诗篇:

耶和华的典章真实, 全然公义. 都比金子且比极多的精金可羡慕; 比蜜且比蜂房滴下的甘甜. (诗篇 19:9-10)

“耶和华的典章” 表示神性真理; “比蜜且比蜂房滴下的甘甜” 表示从良善所得的快乐和从真理所得的愉悦. 又:

你的言语在我上颚何等甘美, 在我口中比蜜更甜! (诗篇 119:103)

此处意思也一样:

在摩西五经, 雅各的后代在旷野所得, 以之为食物的吗哪被描述如下:

这吗哪就像芫荽的种子, 白色; 它的滋味如同搀蜜的薄饼. (出埃及记 16:31)

“吗哪” 因表示经由天堂从主而降的神性真理, 故而表示主自己的神性人身, 如祂自己在约翰福音 (6:51, 58) 所教导的. 因为主的神性人身就是一切为神性的真理所来自的源头; 事实上, 所指的就是一切为神性的真理. 正因如此, 就赋予快乐和愉悦的吗哪的滋味而言, 经上描述它 “如同搀蜜的薄饼”. “滋味” 表示良善的快乐和真理的愉悦 (参看3502节).

由于和以利亚 (2762, 5247节) 一样, 施洗约翰也代表圣言方面的主, 圣言是地上的神性真理, 所以他是那在主之前 “先来的以利亚” (玛拉基书 4:5; 马太福音 17:10-12; 马可福音 9:11-13; 路加福音 1:17); 因此, 他的衣服和食物都是有意义的符号. 它们在马太福音中被描述如下:

这约翰身穿骆驼毛的衣服, 腰束皮带, 他的食物是蝗虫, 野蜜. (马太福音 3:4; 马可福音 1:6)

“骆驼毛的衣服” 显示了就圣言字义的真理而言, 圣言是什么样. 字义, 即属世之义就是内义有一件衣服; 因为 “毛” 和 “骆驼” 都表示属世之物; “食物是蝗虫, 野蜜” 显示了就圣言字义的良善而言, 圣言是什么样; “野蜜” 表示这良善的快乐.

就外在意义而言, 以西结书中的 “蜜” 也描述了神性真理的快乐:

他对我说, 人子啊, 要吃我所赐给你的这书卷, 充满你的肚腹. 我就吃了, 口中觉得其甜如蜜. (以西结书 3:3)

启示录:

天使对我说, 你拿着吃尽了, 便叫你肚子发苦, 然而在你口中要甜如蜜. 我从天使手中把小书卷接过来, 吃尽了, 在我口中果然甜如蜜, 及至吃完了, 肚子觉得发苦了. 他对我说, 你必在许多人民, 民族, 方言, 君王面前再说预言. (启示录 10:9-11)

以西结书中的 “书卷” 和启示录中的 “小书卷” 表示神性真理. 味道 “甜如蜜” 表示就外在形式而言, 这书卷令人快乐; 因为神性真理就像圣言, 在外在形式或字义上是令人快乐的, 因为这字义或外在形式允许各人以适合各人的任何方式来理解和诠释它. 但内义不允许这样, 这一点由它的苦味来表示; 因为内义揭示人内在的样子. 外在意义之所以令人快乐, 是因为如前所述, 人能以适合他的任何方式来解释其中的事物. 包含在外在意义中的真理都是总体真理, 并且在添加限定它们的具体真理, 以及添加限定具体真理的细节真理之前, 一直是总体真理. 外在意义也充满快乐, 因为它是属世的, 藏有属灵之物在自己里面. 此外, 它也必须充满快乐, 以便人能接受它, 也就是被引入其中, 而不是被吓阻在门槛处.

主复活后当着门徒的面所吃的 “蜜房和烧鱼” 也表示圣言的外在意义, “鱼” 表示与外在意义有关的真理, “蜜房” 表示它的愉悦; 对此, 我们在路加福音中读到:

耶稣就说, 你们这里有什么吃的没有? 他们便给祂一片烧鱼和一块蜜房, 祂接过来, 在他们面前吃了. (路加福音 24:41-43)

由于鱼和蜜房表示这些事物, 所以主对他们说:

这些就是我从前与你们同在之时对你们所讲的话, 就是: 摩西的律法, 先知的书和诗篇上所记的关于我的话都必须应验. (路加福音 24:44)

表面上看, 所表示的不是这类事物, 因为他们有一片烧鱼和一块蜜房似乎是很偶然的. 而事实上, 他们拥有这些东西是天意; 不仅这一点, 而且圣言中所提到的其它一切最小的事都是天意. 由于所表示的是这类事物, 所以主论到圣言说, 它里面所记的是关于祂自己的事. 然而, 旧约字义中所记关于主的事极少; 但包含在其内义中的一切都与主有关; 圣言的神圣性便由此而来. 这就是主说 “摩西的律法, 先知的书和诗篇上所记的关于我的话都必须应验” 所表示的.

由此可见 “蜂蜜” 表示从良善与真理, 也就是从对它们的情感所得的快乐, 尤其表示外在快乐, 因而表示外层属世层的快乐. 由于这快乐具有这样的性质: 它是从世界经由感官得来的, 因而包含大量源于尘世之爱的事物在里面, 所以人们被禁止在素祭中使用蜂蜜. 这一点在利未记中说明如下:

凡献给耶和华的素祭都不可发酵, 因为你们不可烧一点酵, 一点蜜, 当作火祭献给耶和华. (利未记 2:11)

“蜜” 表示这种外在快乐, 它因包含某种尘世之爱的东西在里面, 故类似于酵母, 因此被禁止. 至于 “酵” 或 “发酵” 是什么意思, 可参看前文 (2342节).

10287. 'And he who puts any of it on a foreigner' means a joining together for those who do not acknowledge the Lord, and so who are subject to evils and to the falsities of evil. This is clear from the meaning of 'putting it on someone' - when the subject is Divine Truths, meant by the sweet-smelling ointment - as a joining together; and from the meaning of 'a foreigner' as those who do not belong to the Church, thus those who do not acknowledge the Lord, consequently who are subject to evils and falsities. Anyone who does not acknowledge the Lord does not belong to the Church; and anyone who rejects the Lord is subject to evils and falsities. For goodness and truth come from no other source than Him. The fact that such people are meant by 'foreigners' will be clear from the places in the Word which will follow below. But first something must be stated regarding the joining of Divine Truth among those who do not acknowledge the Lord. Such a joining together constitutes profanation, for profanation is a joining of Divine Truth to falsities arising from evil. The joining together that constitutes profanation is something which cannot happen with any at all except those who have first acknowledged the things which are the Church's, and especially the Lord, but subsequently reject them. For acknowledgement of the Church's truths and of the Lord leads to contact with the heavens, and consequently to an opening of a person's interiors towards heaven; and a subsequent rejection of them leads to a joining of the same truths to falsities arising from evil. For everything a person acknowledges remains implanted in him; nothing present with a person which has entered through acknowledgement is destroyed.

[2] The state of a person with whom profanation exists is one in which he is in contact with the heavens and at the same time with the hells, through truths with the heavens and through the falsities of evil with the hells. As a result of this, in the next life a tearing apart takes place with such people, which destroys the whole of their inner life. After the tearing apart they hardly look like human beings any longer; they look like bones that have been scorched and have little life in them. See what has been stated and shown previously regarding profanation in the following places,

Profaners are those who have first acknowledged God's truths but subsequently reject them, 1001, 1010, 1059, 2051, 3398, 4289, 4601, 6348, 6959, 6963, 6971, 8394.

People who have rejected them since early childhood, such as Jews and others, are not profaners, 593, 1001, 1010, 1059, 3398, 3489, 6963.

The Lord takes the greatest care to guard against the occurrence of profanation with a person, 301-303, 1327, 1328, 2426, 3398, 3402, 3489, 6595.

[3] But it should be realized that the genera of profanation are very many, and the species composing those genera are very many. For there are those who profane the Church's forms of good and those who profane its truths; there are those who profane greatly and those who profane slightly; there are those who profane on a more internal level and those who profane on increasingly external levels; there are those who profane through belief contrary to the Church's truths and forms of good, there are those who profane through the life they lead, and those who profane through their worship. Consequently there exist very many hells of profaners, which are distinct and separate from one another, in accord with their different kinds of profanation. The hells of those who profane good are behind one's back, whereas the hells of profanation of truth are underfoot and to the sides. They are deeper than the hells of all other evils and are rarely opened.

[4] Those who do not acknowledge the Lord and refuse to do so, whether they are outside the Church or inside it, thus those who are subject to evils and to the falsities of evil, are meant by 'foreigners'; and in the abstract sense, without reference to actual persons, evils and the falsities of evil are meant. This is clear from very many places in the Word. The reason for saying 'those who do not acknowledge the Lord, thus those who are subject to evils and the falsities of evil' is that people who do not acknowledge the Lord are inevitably subject to evils and the falsities of evil; for the Lord is the source of all good and of all the truth of good. Those therefore who reject the Lord are subject to evils and the falsities of evil, as accords with the Lord's words in John,

Unless you believe that I am, you will die in your sins. John 8:24.

[5] The fact that such people are meant by 'foreigners' is clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

Your land will be a lonely place, your cities have been burned with fire; foreigners will devour your ground before you, and it will be a lonely place, as if overturned by foreigners ¹ . Isaiah 1:7.

Here land should not be understood by 'land', nor cities and ground by 'cities' and 'ground'. Instead the Church should be understood by 'land' and likewise by 'ground', and by 'cities' the Church's truths, called its doctrinal teachings, which are said to have been 'burned with fire' when they have been destroyed by the evils of self-love and love of the world. From this it is evident what is meant by 'foreigners will devour your ground', namely evils and the falsities of evil destroying the Church, and by 'your land will be a lonely place' and 'your cities have been burned with fire'.

'Land' or earth means the Church, see in the places referred to in 9325, and 'ground' likewise, 566, 1068.

'Cities' are the Church's doctrinal teachings, thus its truths, 2268, 2451, 2712, 2943, 3216, 4492, 4493.

'Fire' means the evil of self-love and love of the world, 1297, 1861, 2446, 5071, 5215, 6314, 6832, 7575, 9141.

[6] In Jeremiah,

Shame covered our faces when foreigners came against the sanctuaries of Jehovah's house. Jeremiah 51:51.

'Foreigners coming against the sanctuaries of Jehovah's house' are evils and the falsities of evil that go against the Church's truths and forms of good. The word 'foreigners' was used to mean members of the gentile nations who were slaves in the Jewish Church, and the gentile nations of that land also mean evil and falsities, 9320. In the same prophet,

You say, There is no hope, no; but I will love foreigners, and after them I will go. Jeremiah 2:25.

'Loving foreigners and going after them' means loving evils and the falsities of evil, and worshipping them.

[7] In Ezekiel,

I will bring a sword upon you, and will give you into the hand of foreigners. Ezekiel 11:8-9.

'Bringing a sword upon' means falsities arising from evil set in conflict against truths springing from good. 'Giving into the hand of foreigners' means to the end that they may believe and serve those falsities. For the meaning of 'a sword' as truth engaged in conflict against falsities, and in the contrary sense falsity engaged in conflict against truths, see 2799, 6353, 7102, 8294.

[8] In the same prophet,

You will die the deaths of the uncircumcised in the hand of foreigners. Ezekiel 28:10.

'The uncircumcised' are those who, for all the religious teachings they know, lead lives steeped in foul loves and the desires that go with them, 2049, 3412, 3413, 4462, 7045, 7225, the death they die being spiritual death. 'In the hand of foreigners' means subject to evils themselves and the falsities of evil.

[9] In the same prophet,

Jerusalem, an adulterous woman, takes foreigners instead of her husband. Ezekiel 16:32.

'Jerusalem, an adulterous woman' stands for the Church in which good has been adulterated; 'taking foreigners' stands for its acceptance, in life and doctrine, of evils and the falsities of evil. In Joel,

Jerusalem will be holy, and foreigners will not pass through her any longer. Joel 3:17.

Here also 'Jerusalem' stands for the Church, but one in which people acknowledge the Lord, lead good lives, and believe truths coming from the Lord. 'Foreigners will not pass through her any longer' means that evils and the falsities of evil coming from hell will not enter it.

[10] In David,

Foreigners have risen up against me, and violent ones have sought my soul. Psalms 54:3.

Here also 'foreigners' stands for evils and the falsities of evil, and 'violent ones' for these same evils and falsities acting violently against forms of good and truths. Those who see solely the literal sense of the Word take 'foreigners' to mean nothing more than those outside the Church who were rising up against David. But no ideas of actual persons enter the thinking of those in heaven, only the realities meant by them, 8343, 8985, 9007, so that they think not of people but things that are foreign or alien, that is, those which are alienated from the Church, thus evils and the falsities of evil which destroy the Church. And by 'David', against whom the foreigners were rising up, those in heaven understand the Lord, 1888, 9954.

[11] In Moses,

He forsook the God who made him, and despised the Rock of his salvation. They provoked Him to jealousy through foreign [gods]. Deuteronomy 32:15-16.

'Forsaking God' and 'despising the Rock of salvation' stand for rejecting the Lord, 'provoking through foreign [gods]' for doing so through evils and the falsities of evil, 'the Rock of salvation' being the Lord in respect of the truths of faith, see 8581. In addition to all this there are other places in which 'foreigners' stands for evils and falsities, such as Isaiah 25:2, 4-5; Jeremiah 30:8; Ezekiel 31:11-12.

[12] Since 'foreigners' meant those who are subject to evils and the falsities of evil, and consequently in the abstract sense meant evils and the falsities of evil, it was forbidden for a foreigner to eat that which was holy, Leviticus 22:10; no foreigner was permitted to come near and perform the priestly function or guard the sanctuary; and any who did come near was to be put to death, Numbers 1:51; 3:10, 38; 18:7;

[13] furthermore no incense was to be offered on foreign ² fire, and because Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu did offer incense on it they were devoured by fire from heaven, Leviticus 10:1-2. For holy fire which was taken from the altar was a sign of love derived from God, whereas foreign fire was a sign of love coming from hell, and therefore also of evils and the desires that go with them, see 1297, 1861, 2446, 5071, 5215, 6314, 6832, 7575, 9141.

[14] Mention is also made in the Word of those who are foreign-born, a different word being used in the original language from that rendered 'foreigners', and by them falsities themselves are meant, as in Lamentations,

O Jehovah, look upon our shame. Our inheritance has been turned over to foreigners, and our houses to the foreign-born. Lamentations 5:1-2.

In Obadiah,

Foreigners led his strength ³ captive, and the foreign-born entered his gates and cast ⁴ lots for Jerusalem. Obad. verse 11.

'Casting lots for Jerusalem' stands for destroying the Church and scattering its truths.

[15] In Zephaniah,

I will punish ⁵ the princes and the king's sons, and all clothed with the clothing of him who is foreign-born. Zephaniah 1:8.

Those 'clothed with the clothing of him who is foreign-born' stand for people subject to falsities; for 'the princes' and 'the king's sons' who are to undergo punishment mean leading truths and in the contrary sense leading falsities. For this meaning of 'princes', see 1482, 2089, 5044, and for that of 'kings' as truths themselves and in the contrary sense falsities themselves, 2015, 2069, 3009, 4581, 4966, 5044, 5068, 6148, so that 'the king's sons' means things derived from those truths or falsities.

[16] In David,

Deliver me, and rescue me from the hands of the sons of him who is foreign-born, whose mouths speak vanity, and whose right hands are the right hands of falsehood. Psalms 144:7-8, 11.

'The sons of him who is foreign-born', it is plainly evident, means those subject to falsities, and so means falsities themselves, for it says, 'Whose mouths speak vanity, and whose right hands are right hands of falsehood', 'vanity' meaning false ideas composing doctrine, and 'falsehood' false ways of life, 9248.