8237. 'And Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore' means the sight of the damned dispersed this way and that. This is clear from the meaning of 'seeing' as the sight or catching sight of something; from the representation of 'the Egyptians' as those steeped in falsities arising from evil; from the meaning of 'the dead' as the damned, dealt with in 5407, 6119, 7494; and from the meaning of 'the seashore' as round about the outermost parts of hell. 'The shores' of something are plainly its outermost parts; and it has been shown previously that 'the sea' means hell. So it is that 'seeing them dead on the seashore' means the sight of the damned dispersed this way and that.

[2] Since the expression 'the sight of the damned' is used some explanation of what is implied by it is called for. Those in any one hell are not visible to the inhabitants of any other hell, not even to those in the nearest or immediately neighbouring hell, since they have been completely separated from one another. But they are visible to those in heaven, as often as the Lord pleases; for the Lord rules the hells too, by means of angels to whom the ability is given to see, from the place where they are, everything happening there. This is done to the end that in hell too order may exist, and also to the end that no one may do violence to another beyond the permitted limit. This function is entrusted to angels, and through it they exercise control over the hells. Sometimes good spirits as well are allowed to see into the hells and witness what is going on there; for it is quite in order for things on lower levels to be seen from a higher one, but not for those on a higher level to be seen from lower ones. Thus the hells and those who are there can be seen by those in heaven, but not vice versa. Consequently forms of evil can be seen from good, but not forms of good from evil, since good is higher and evil lower.

7494. People therefore who either pervert, annihilate, or reject the good of love and the truth of faith residing with them do not have life within themselves. For life received from the Divine consists in willing what is good and believing what is true. But those who do not will what is good, only what is evil, and do not believe what is true, only what is false, possess the opposite of life. This opposite of life is hell and is called death; and those people are called the dead. The fact that the life of love and faith is called life and also eternal life, and those who possess it within themselves are called living persons; and the fact that the opposite of life is called death, and also eternal death, and those [who possess the opposite of life within themselves] are called dead persons, is clear from a large number of places in the Word, such as Matthew 4:16; 8:21-22; 18:8-9; 19:16-17, 29; John 3:15-16, 36; 5:24-25; 6:33, 35, 47-48, 50-51, 53, 57-58, 67; John 8-21, John 24, John 51; 10:10; 11:15, 26; 14:6, 19; 17:7; 20:31; and elsewhere.