9391. “去献燔祭, 又向耶和华献小公牛为平安祭” 表源于良善和植根于良善的真理而敬拜主的一个代表. 这从 “燔祭” 和 “献祭”, 以及 “小公牛” 的含义清楚可知:

“燔祭” 是指总体上对主的敬拜 (参看922, 6905, 8936节),

“燔祭” 尤表源于爱之良善的对主的敬拜,

“献祭” 表示源于植根于良善的信之真理的对主的敬拜 (8680节);

“小公牛” 是指外在人或属世人中纯真和仁爱的良善, 如下文所述. 被献为祭的牲畜或动物表示敬拜所源于良善和真理的性质 (参看922, 1823, 2180, 3519节); 温驯有用的牲畜表示爱之良善的属天事物和信之真理的属灵事物, 这就是为何它们被用于祭祀 (看9280节).

“小公牛” 之所以表示外在人或属世人中纯真和仁爱的良善, 是因为牛群成员表示对存在于外在人或属世人中的良善和真理的情感, 而羊群成员表示对存在于内在人或属灵人中的良善和真理的情感 (2566, 5913, 6048, 8937, 9135节). 羊群成员有羔羊, 母山羊, 母绵羊, 公绵羊和公山羊; 羊群成员有公牛或阉牛, 小公牛或阉牛和牛犊.

“羔羊” 和 “绵羊” 表示内在人或属灵人中纯真和仁爱的良善; 因此,

“牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 因年龄比成年公牛更幼嫩, 故表示外在人或属世人中的类似良善.

“小公牛” 和 “牛犊” 表示这种良善, 这一点从圣言中提到它们的经文明显看出来, 如以西结书:

四活物的脚是直立的脚, 脚掌好像牛犊的蹄掌, 都灿烂如光明的铜.(以西结书 1:7)

这论及 “四活物” 所描述的基路伯.

“基路伯” 表示主的保护和旨意, 以防止不通过良善而向祂的任何靠近 (参看9277节的末尾节).

“直脚” 和 “好像牛犊蹄掌的脚掌” 代表外在或属世良善; 因为 “脚” 表示属世人的事物;

“直脚” 表示属于良善的事物,

“脚掌” 表示属世人中最末和最低的事物.

“脚” 就具有这种含义 (参看2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328节);

“脚跟”,

“脚掌” 和 “蹄” 表示属世人中最末和最低的事物 (4938, 7729节). 它们的 “脚掌” 之所以 “都灿烂如光明的铜”, 是因为 “铜” 表示属世良善 (425, 1551节),

“灿烂如光明的铜” 表示因着天堂之光, 也就是从主发出的神之真理而灿烂的良善. 综上所述, 明显可知 “牛犊” 表示外在人或属世人的良善.

在启示录也一样:

宝座周围有四个活物, 前后都长满了眼睛. 第一个活物像狮子, 第二个活物像牛犊, 第三个活物脸面像人, 第四个活物像飞鹰.(启示录 4:6, 7)

此处的 “四活物”, 就是基路伯, 也表示主的保护和旨意, 以防止不通过爱之良善而靠近祂; 实际的保护通过真理和它所产生的良善, 以及良善和源于它的真理实现.

“狮子” 和 “牛犊” 表示外在形式上的真理和它所产生的良善;

“人的脸面” 和 “飞鹰” 表示内在形式上的良善和源于它的真理.

“狮子” 表示在其能力中的源于良善的真理 (参看6367节), 因此,

“牛犊” 表示它所产生的实际良善.

何西阿书:

当回归耶和华, 对祂说, 求你除净罪孽, 悦纳善行; 那我们就偿还嘴唇的小公牛.(何西阿书 14:2)

没有人能知道 “偿还嘴唇的小公牛” 表示什么, 除非他知道 “小公牛” 和 “嘴唇” 表示什么. 显然, 它表示出于一颗善心赞美和感恩; 因为经上说 “回归耶和华, 对祂说, 悦纳善行”, 然后 “我们就偿还嘴唇的小公牛” 表示出于教义的良善赞美耶和华, 向祂献上感恩. 因为 “嘴唇” 表示教义事物 (参看1286, 1288节).

阿摩司书:

你们使强暴的统治临近. 他们躺卧在象牙床上, 吃羊群中的羔羊, 肥栏中间的牛犊.(阿摩司书 6:3, 4)

这些话描述了那些富有良善和真理的认知或知识, 却过着一种邪恶生活的人;

“吃羊群中的羔羊” 表示学习属于内在人或属灵人的纯真之良善, 并将它们变成自己的;

“吃肥栏中间的牛犊” 表示学习属于外在人或属世人的纯真之良善, 并将它们变成自己的.

“吃” 表示变成自己的 (参看3168, 3513节的末尾,3596, 3832, 4745节);

“羔羊” 表示纯真之良善 (3519, 3994, 7840节). 由于 “羔羊” 表示纯真的内层良善, 故可推知,

“肥栏中间的牛犊” 表示纯真的外层良善; 因为在圣言中, 尤其在圣言的预言部分, 由于天堂的婚姻, 凡论述良善的地方, 通常也论述真理 (9263, 9314节); 凡论及内在事物的地方, 也会论及外在事物. 此外,

“肥栏” 和 “肥 (fat, 经上或译脂肪, 脂油, 肥脂等)” 表示内层之爱的良善 (5943节).

在玛拉基书也一样:

但向你们敬畏我名的人, 必有公义的日头升起来, 其翅膀有医治之能. 你们必出来, 生长如肥栏里的牛犊.(玛拉基书 4:2)

路加福音:

论到从心里悔改回来的浪子, 父亲说, 把那上好的袍子拿出来给他穿上, 把戒指戴在他手上, 把鞋穿在他脚上, 把那肥牛犊牵来宰了, 我们可以来吃, 快乐.(路加福音 15:22, 23)

凡只理解字义的人都会以为此处并未隐藏更深层次的东西; 而事实上, 其中的每一个细节都体现了某种天上的观念; 如这些细节: 他们要给他穿上最好的袍子, 把戒指戴在他手上, 把鞋穿在他脚上, 把肥牛犊牵来宰了, 好让他们可以来吃, 快乐.

“浪子” 表示那些一直挥霍天上财富, 也就是良善和真理的认知或知识的人; 他回到父亲这里, 并承认他 “不配称为他的儿子” 表示一颗悔改的心和谦卑; 要给他穿上的 “上好袍子” 表示普遍真理 (4545, 5248, 5319, 5954, 6914, 6917, 9093, 9212, 9216节);

“肥牛犊” 表示与这些真理一致的普遍良善. 其它经文中的 “牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 所表相同 (如以赛亚书 11:6; 以西结书 39:18; 诗篇 29:6; 69:31节), 以及燔祭和祭祀中所用到的 “牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 也所表相同 (出埃及记 29:11, 12和以后的经文; 利未记 4:3和以后的经文, 13和以后的经文; 8:15和以后的经文; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; 民数记 8:8和以后的经文; 15:24和以后的经文; 28:19, 20; 士师记 6:25-28; 撒母耳记上 1:25; 16:2; 列王纪上 18:23-26, 33).

以色列人之所以为自己造金牛犊, 并敬拜它以取代耶和华 (出埃及记 32章), 是因为埃及人的偶像崇拜留在了他们心里, 尽管他们口头上宣称信耶和华. 在埃及的偶像当中, 最主要的就是金铸的小母牛和牛犊. 这是因为 “小母牛” 表示记忆真理, 就是属世人所拥有的真理; 而 “牛犊” 表示这真理的良善, 就是属世人所拥有的良善; 还因为金表示良善. 象征属世人所拥有的这良善和这真理的可见形像, 在埃及地取了金祷的小母牛和牛犊的形式. 但当天上事物的代表在那里沦为偶像崇拜, 最终论为邪术时, 在埃及的实际代表形像, 和在其它地方一样, 变成了偶像, 开始成为敬拜的对象. 古人的偶像崇拜和埃及的邪术由此而来.

因为继上古教会之后的古教会是一个代表性教会教会, 其敬拜的一切就在于代表天上的神性事物, 也就是教会内层事物的仪式, 律例, 典章和诫命. 大洪水之后, 这个古教会遍布亚洲大部分地区, 也存在于埃及. 不过, 在埃及, 该教会的记忆知识得到更充分的发展. 因此, 埃及在对应和代表的知识方面超过其他人, 这从象形文字, 那里的邪术和偶像, 以及圣言中关于埃及的各种记载可以看出来. 正因如此, 在圣言中,

“埃及” 表示总体上的记忆事物, 无论真理方面还是良善方面; 它还表示属世人, 因为记忆知识属于属世人.

“小母牛” 和 “牛犊” 也表示这种知识.

古教会是一个代表性教会, 它遍布许多国家, 也存在于埃及 (参看1238, 2385, 7097节); 该教会的记忆知识尤其在埃及得到更充分的发展, 故在圣言中,

“埃及” 表示双重意义上的记忆知识 (1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 4749, 4964, 4966, 5700, 5702, 6004, 6015, 6125, 6651, 6679, 6683, 6692, 6693, 6750, 7779节的末尾,7926节); 由于记忆真理及其良善是属世人的真理和良善, 所以在圣言中,

“埃及” 也表示属世人或属世层 (4967, 5079, 5080, 5095, 5160, 5276, 5278, 5280, 5288, 5301, 6004, 6015, 6147, 6252节).

由此明显可知, 小母牛和公牛犊是埃及的主要偶像之一, 因为小母牛和公牛犊表示属于属世人的记忆真理及其良善, 正如埃及本身是它们的一个标志一样; 因此,

“埃及” 和 “牛犊” 具有同样的含义. 所以论到埃及, 耶利米书上说:

埃及是美丽的母牛犊, 但毁灭从北方出来. 她雇佣的仆人在她中间好像肥栏里的牛犊.(耶利米书 46:20, 21)

“小母牛” 是指属于属世人的记忆真理; 系 “牛犊” 的 “雇佣的仆人” 是指那些为了利益而行善的人 (8002节); 因此,

“牛犊” 是指本身不是良善的那种良善, 仅仅是与属灵人分离的属世人的快乐. 这种快乐本身就属于偶像崇拜, 雅各的子孙就沉迷于这种快乐; 因此, 他们被允许通过崇拜牛犊 (出埃及记 32章) 来显示并证明这种快乐.

在诗篇, 经上也描述了他们所做的:

他们在何烈山造了牛犊, 叩拜铸成的像. 如此将他们的荣耀换为吃草之牛的像.(诗篇 106:19, 20)

“在何烈山造了牛犊, 叩拜铸成的像” 表示偶像崇拜式的敬拜, 这种敬拜包括仪式, 律例, 典章和诫命, 但只是外在形式上的, 而非同时内在形式上的. 这个民族局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物 (参看9320节的末尾,9373, 9377, 9380, 9382节); 因此, 他们心里是偶像崇拜 (3732节的末尾,4208, 4281, 4825, 5998, 7401, 8301, 8871, 8882节). 他们 “将他们的荣耀换为吃草之牛的像” 表示他们舍弃圣言和教会的内在事物, 敬拜或耕耘外在事物, 也就是无生命的纯记忆知识; 因为 “荣耀” 是指圣言和教会的内在事物 (参看创世记 18章序言, 以及5922,8267, 8427节);

“牛的像” 是指外在形式上的良善的一种表象, 因为 “像” 表示一种表象, 因而表示一种无生命的赝品; 而 “牛” 表示属世人中的良善, 因而表示外在形式上的良善 (2566, 2781, 9134节);

“吃草” 表示仅在记忆知识层面将它变成自己的, 因为 “吃” 表示变成自己的 (3168, 3513节的末尾,3596, 4745节), 而 “草” 表示记忆知识 (7571节).

由于以色列人取代耶和华所敬拜的 “金牛犊” 表示这些事物, 所以摩西以下面的方式处置了它:

我把你们的罪, 就是你们所铸的牛犊, 用火焚烧, 又捣碎磨得很细, 直到细如灰尘, 我就把这灰尘撒在从山上流下来的溪水中.(申命记 9:21)

没有人知道为何如此处置金牛犊, 除非他知道 “用火焚烧”,

“捣碎”,

“磨细”,

“细如灰尘”, 以及灰尘所撒在的 “从山上流下来的溪水” 表示什么. 它描述了那些敬拜没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人的状态; 也就是说, 就来自神的事物, 因而就圣言而言, 他们是沉浸于爱自己爱世界的邪恶, 以及随之而来的虚假之人. 因为焚烧牛犊的 “火” 表示爱自己爱世界的邪恶 (1297, 1861, 2446, 5071, 5215, 6314, 6832, 7324, 7575节); 它被捣碎成的 “灰尘” 是指从圣言字义所证实的随之而来的虚假; 从西乃山上流下来的 “溪水” 是指神之真理, 因而是指文字上的圣言, 因为文字上的圣言就是从这真理降下来的. 那些局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人解释圣言是以适合自己的爱; 在它里面看到的是世俗事物, 根本看不见天上的事物, 就像以色列人和犹太人以前, 以及如今仍在做的那样.

耶罗波安安在伯特利和但的牛犊也代表类似事物,(列王纪上 12:26-33; 列王纪下 17:16), 对此, 我们在何西阿书读到:

他们立君王, 却不由我; 他们立首领, 我却不认. 他们用金银为自己制造偶像, 以致被剪除. 撒马利亚啊! 你的牛犊已被丢弃. 这牛犊出于以色列, 是匠人所造的, 并不是神! 撒马利亚的牛犊必被打碎.(何西阿书 8:4-6)

此处论述的主题是那些局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人对圣言的错误理解和扭曲解释; 因为他们持守圣言的字义, 任意扭曲以适合他们自己的爱和由这些爱所孕育的观念.

“立君王, 却不由我; 立首领, 我却不认” 表示在他们自己的光中孵化真理和首要真理, 却不靠神的帮助而如此行; 因为 “君王” 在内义上表示真理 (1672, 2015, 2069, 3009, 4581, 4966, 5044, 5068, 6148节);

“首领” 是指首要真理 (1482, 2089, 5044节);

“用金银制造偶像” 表示歪曲从圣言字义所获得的真理和良善的知识, 以适合他们自己的欲望, 却仍将它们拜为圣, 即便如此, 它因来自他们自己的聪明, 故缺乏生命; 因为 “银” 是指真理,

“金” 是指来自神, 因而属于圣言的良善 (1551, 2954, 5658, 6914, 6917, 8932节);

“偶像” 是指出于人自己的聪明, 被拜为圣, 而事实上没有生命在里面的教义事物 (8941节). 由此明显可知,

“君王” 和 “首领”, 以及 “银” 和 “金” 表示由邪恶所产生的虚假; 因为那些由人的自我所产生事物是由邪恶产生的, 因而是虚假, 尽管表面上看, 它们因取自圣言的字义而看似真理. 由此明显可知 “匠人所造的撒马利亚的牛犊” 表示什么, 即: 存在于属世人中, 同时却没有存在于属灵人中的良善, 因而不是良善的东西, 因为它被用于邪恶.

“是匠人所造的, 并不是神” 表示它是自我的产物, 并非来自神;

“被打碎” 是指被驱散, 化为乌有.

何西阿书中的 “牛犊” 表示类似事物:

现今他们罪越犯越多, 用银子为自己造铸像, 就是照自己的聪明造偶像, 都是匠人的工作, 就对他们说, 献祭的人可以向亲吻牛犊.(何西阿书 13:2)

由此明显可知在下列经文中,

“牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 表示什么:

野牛, 小公牛和壮牛要一同下来. 他们的地喝醉了血; 他们的尘土因脂油肥润.(以赛亚书 34:7)

同一先知书:

坚固城将变为凄凉, 成了撇下离弃的居所, 像旷野一样; 牛犊必在那里吃草, 在那里躺卧, 并吃尽其树枝. 它的庄稼必枯萎.(以赛亚书 27:10, 11)

耶利米书:

希实本的哀号达到以利亚利, 他们发出的声音传到雅杂, 从琐珥达到何罗念, 如同一头三岁大的母牛犊, 因为宁林的水必变为凄凉.(耶利米书 48:34)

以赛亚书:

我心为摩押悲哀, 他的逃民逃到琐珥, 如同一头三岁大的母牛犊; 因为他上鲁希坡随走随哭.(以赛亚书 15:5)

何西阿书:

以法莲是驯服的母牛犊, 喜爱踹谷.(何西阿书 10:11)

诗篇:

求你叱喝芦苇中的野兽和成群的壮牛并万民的牛犊, 把银块踹在脚下; 他们已经赶散好战的万民.(诗篇 68:30)

此处论述的主题是那些在记忆知识的基础上进入信的奥秘, 除了在此基础上所孵化, 演绎出来的东西外, 拒绝接受任何事物之人的傲慢. 他们在来自主的天堂之光中什么也看不见, 只在始于自我的自然界之光中看见, 故会抓住阴影而不是光明, 抓住幻觉而不是现实, 抓住虚假而不是真理. 这些人的思维是疯狂的, 因为它仰赖最低级的事物, 即最低层次的知识, 因此他们被称为 “芦苇中的野兽”; 由于他们的推理是激烈的, 所以他们被称为 “成群的壮牛”; 由于他们驱散仍旧存留并分散在那些处于教会真理之人的良善当中的真理, 所以经上说他们 “把万民牛犊中的银块踹在脚下”, 又说他们 “赶散万民”, 也就是教会本身及其真理;

“好战” 表示攻击并摧毁这些真理的欲望. 由此再次明显可知,

“牛犊” 是指良善.

在撒迦利亚书 (12:4), 经上说 “我必以瞎眼击打万民一切的马匹”;

“万民的马匹” 表示理解存在于所有属教会之人中间的真理的能力, 因为 “马” 表示理解真理的能力 (参看2761节). 在此处 (诗篇 68:30), 经上说 “把银块踹在脚下”,

“赶散万民牛犊当中的万民”;

“踹在脚下” 和 “赶散” 表示抛弃和驱散 (参看258节);

“银” 表示真理 (参看1551, 2954, 5658, 6112, 6914, 6917, 7999, 8932节);

“万民” 表示那些处于真理的属教会之人 (2928, 7207节), 因而也表示教会的真理 (1259, 1260, 3295, 3581节). 因此,

“万民的牛犊” 表示掌管那些属教会之人的意愿的良善.

此外,

“牛犊” 表示良善的证据也明显可见于耶利米书:

我必把那些违犯我的约的人交出去; 他们没有遵行在我面前所立约的话, 就是他们把牛犊劈开两半, 好从两半中间经过时立下的, 就是犹大的首领, 耶路撒冷的首领, 太监, 祭司, 并从牛犊两半中间经过的这地的众民. 我必将他们交在他们的仇敌手中, 他们的尸首必给空中的飞鸟和地上的走兽作食物.(耶利米书 34:18-20)

没有人能知道 “牛犊的约” 和 “从其两半之间经过” 表示什么, 除非他知道 “约”,

“牛犊”, 它被 “劈开两半” 表示什么, 以及 “犹大和耶路撒冷的首领”,

“太监”,

“祭司” 和 “这地的民” 表示什么. 显然, 所表示的是某个天堂的奥秘. 然而, 当人们知道 “约” 表示结合,

“牛犊” 表示良善,

“被劈开两半的牛犊” 表示一方面从主发出的良善, 另一方面人所接受的良善;

“犹大和耶路撒冷的首领, 太监, 祭司, 并这地的民” 是指教会从圣言所拥有的真理和良善;

“从两半之间经过” 表示结合. 一旦知道这一切, 这些话的内义就变得显而易见了, 即: 对这个民族来说, 从主发出的良善根本没有与人通过圣言, 因而通过教会的真理和良善所领受的良善结合; 相反, 它们是分开的; 因为他们局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物.

牛犊与亚伯兰的约包含类似事物, 对此, 我们在创世记读到:

耶和华对亚伯兰说, 你为我取一头三岁的母牛犊, 一只三岁的母山羊, 一只三岁的公绵羊, 一只斑鸠和一只雏鸽. 亚伯兰就把这些都取来, 每样从中间劈成两半, 一半对着另一半摆列, 只有鸟没有劈开. 鸷鸟下来, 落在这些尸体上, 亚伯兰就把它们赶走了. 日落的时候, 亚伯兰沉睡了. 看哪, 有可怕的大黑暗落在他身上. 在那日, 耶和华与亚伯兰立约.(创世 记15: 9-12, 18)

“有可怕的大黑暗落在亚伯兰身上” 表示犹太民族的状态, 因为就教会从圣言所拥有的真理和良善而言, 他们处在最大的黑暗之中. 他们之所以处于这种黑暗, 是因为他们局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物, 结果他们的敬拜是偶像崇拜. 事实上, 凡局限于没有任何内在事物的外外在事物的人, 其敬拜都是偶像崇拜, 因为当他进行敬拜时, 他的心和灵魂不在天堂, 而是在世界; 他敬拜圣言的神圣事物不是出于存在于他里面的任何天堂之爱, 只出于一种世俗之爱. 该民族的这种状态就是先知以 “他们劈成两半并从中间经过的牛犊之约” 所描述的.

412. And hide us from the face of Him that sitteth upon the throne, and from the anger of the Lamb, signifies lest they should suffer direful things from the influx of Divine good united to the Divine truth proceeding from the Lord. This is evident from the signification of "hide us," when it is said by those in whom the goods and truths of the church are destroyed by evils of life and falsities therefrom, as being lest they should suffer direful things (of which presently); also from the signification of "from the face of Him that sitteth upon the throne," as being the Lord in respect to Divine good in heaven; that "face," in reference to the Lord, means the Divine love, from which is Divine good in heaven, will be evident from the passages in the Word that will be cited presently; and that "He that sitteth upon the throne" means the Lord in respect to Divine good in heaven may be seen above (n. 297, 343). Also from the signification of "the anger of the Lamb," as being the casting into hell by the influx of Divine truth proceeding from the Lord.

That "the anger of Jehovah" or of the Lord signifies this, can be seen from passages in the Word to be cited in the following article. Moreover it may be seen above (n. 297, 343) that the Lord alone is meant by "Him that sitteth upon the throne," and by "the Lamb;" the Lord in respect to Divine good by "Him that sitteth upon the throne," and the Lord in respect to Divine truth by "the Lamb." The expression "the anger of the Lamb" does not mean that the Lord (who is meant by "Him that sitteth upon the throne" and by "the Lamb") is angry, for He is Divine good itself, and that cannot be angry, for anger has nothing to do with good itself; but it is so expressed in the sense of the letter of the Word, for reasons explained elsewhere; let it be merely shown here that "the face" of Jehovah, or of the Lord, signifies the Divine love, and thence Divine good in heaven and in the church; and in the contrary sense "to set His face against anyone," and "to hide or conceal His face," has a similar meaning as "wrath" and "anger;" also that "the face," in reference to man, means in both senses the interiors that belong to his mind and affection.

[2] That "the face," in reference to Jehovah or the Lord, signifies the Divine love and the Divine good therefrom is evident from the following passages. In David:

Make Thy faces to shine upon Thy servant; save me because of Thy mercy (Psalms 31:16).

"To make the faces to shine" signifies to enlighten in Divine truth from Divine love; this is signified by "making the faces to shine," because Divine truth, which proceeds from the Lord as a sun in the angelic heaven, gives all the light there, and also enlightens the minds of the angels and fills them with wisdom; consequently the Lord's face, in a proper sense, is the sun of the angelic heaven; for the Lord appears to the angels of the interior heavens as a sun, and this from His Divine love, for love in the heavens when presented before the eyes appears as fire, but the Divine love as a sun. From that sun both heat and light proceed, that heat is Divine good, and that light is Divine truth. From this it can be seen that "Make Thy faces to shine upon Thy servant" signifies to enlighten with Divine truth from Divine good; therefore it is also added, "save me because of Thy mercy;" mercy is of the Divine good. (But of the sun in the angelic heaven, and the heat and light from it, see in the work on Heaven and Hell; of The Sun there, n. 116-125; and of The Heat and Light from it, n 126-140)

[3] In the same:

Many say, Who will show us good? Jehovah, lift up the light of Thy faces upon us (Psalms 4:6).

In the same:

They shall walk, O Jehovah, in the light of Thy faces (Psalms 89:15).

In the same:

Turn us back, O God, and cause Thy faces to shine, that we may be saved (Psalms 80:3, 7, 19).

And in the same:

God be merciful unto us and bless us, and cause His faces to shine upon us (Psalms 67:1).

"The light of the faces" of Jehovah or of the Lord means Divine truth from Divine love (as above) and intelligence and wisdom therefrom, for both angels and men have all their intelligence and wisdom from Divine truth, or the Divine light in the heavens, therefore "make Thy faces to shine upon us," "lift up the light of Thy faces upon us," and "cause Thy faces to shine," in the above passages signify to enlighten in Divine truth, and to bestow intelligence and wisdom.

[4] The like is signified in the blessing of the sons of Israel in Moses:

Jehovah bless thee and keep thee; Jehovah make His faces to shine upon thee and be gracious unto thee; Jehovah lift up His faces upon thee and give thee peace (Numbers 6:24-26).

"To make the faces to shine and to be gracious" signifies to enlighten in Divine truth, and to bestow intelligence and wisdom; and "to lift up the faces and give peace" signifies to fill with Divine good and to bestow love. Both are necessary to make man wise, for everyone that is in the spiritual world is enlightened by the light that is from the Lord as a sun, and yet those only become intelligent and wise who are at the same time in love, because the good that is of love is what receives truth; for they are conjoined because they agree and love one another. Only such, therefore, as have love see the sun in heaven, the rest see merely the light. "To be gracious," which is said of making the faces to shine, is predicated in the Word of truth; and "peace," which is said of lifting up the faces, is predicated of good.

[5] Since the Lord's Divine love is seen as a sun in heaven, from which is the light there, so:

When the Lord was transfigured before Peter, James, and John, His face did shine as the sun, and His garments became as the light (Matthew 17:2).

Also when He was seen by John:

His face did shine as the sun in his power (Revelation 1:16).

"The garments which became as the light" signify Divine truth, for "garments" in the Word signify truth, and this because all angels are clothed by the Lord according to their reception of Divine truth; and their garments are moreover from the light of heaven, and are shining and brilliant therefrom, and the light of heaven, as was said, is Divine truth. This makes clear why the Lord's garments when He was transfigured "became as the light." (But on these things more may be seen in the work on Heaven and Hell 177-182; also above, n. 64, 195, 271, 395.)

[6] In Matthew:

Jesus said of the child whom He had placed in the midst of the disciples, See that ye despise not one of these little ones; I say unto you, that their angels in the heavens do always behold the face of My Father who is in the heavens (Matthew 18:10).

It is said "their angels behold," because with every man there are spirits and angels, and the spirits and angels are such as the man is. With infant children there are angels from the inmost heaven; these see the Lord as a sun, for they are in love to Him and in innocence; this is meant in the nearest sense by "their angels behold the face of My Father;" "the face of the Father" meaning the Divine love which was in the Lord, consequently the essential Divine which is Jehovah; for the Father was in Him, and He in the Father, and they were one, as He Himself teaches. But these same words in the purely spiritual sense signify that the Lord in respect to His Divine good is in the good of innocence, for this is signified by "infant child" in the spiritual sense, and "the face of the Father" signifies the Lord's Divine good. Of "the servants of the Lord," by whom are meant those who are in Divine truths because they are in the good of love and charity, the same is said in Revelation:

The throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in the New Jerusalem; and His servants shall do Him service; and they shall see His face ¹ (Revelation 22:3-4).

But on this see the explanation in the following.

[7] In Isaiah:

In all their distress He was distressed, and the angel of His faces saved them; because of His love and His pity He redeemed them; and He carried them and lifted them up all the days of eternity (Isaiah 63:9).

This treats of the Lord, who is called "the angel of the faces" of Jehovah from Divine truth which is from His Divine love; for "angel" in the Word signifies Divine truth; this is why the angels are called "gods" (See above, n. 130, 200, 302); and "the faces of Jehovah" mean the Divine love which is in the Lord, therefore it is also said, "because of His love and His pity He redeemed them; and He carried them and lifted them up all the days of eternity;" all this is of the Divine love. The Lord in respect to His Human was Divine truth, and from this He combated with the hells, and by it subjugated them; for this reason He is called "an angel," that is, in respect to His Divine Human. This chapter evidently treats of the Lord, and of His combats with the hells and of their subjugation.

[8] In David:

Thou hidest them ² in the hiding place of Thy faces from the elations of man; Thou concealest them in Thy covert from the strife of tongues (Psalms 31:20).

"To hide them in the hiding place of Thy faces" means in the Divine good that does not appear before others; and "to conceal in Thy covert" means in the Divine truth; "the elations of man" and "the strife of tongues" mean the evils of falsity and the falsities of evil; for "elations" are predicated of evils because they are of self-love, and "man" signifies truth and falsity; "the strife of tongues" means the falsity of evil. (What the evil of falsity and the falsity of evil are, see The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 21.)

[9] In the same:

Thou hast set our iniquities before Thee, and our hidden things in the light of Thy faces (Psalms 90:8).

"The light of Thy faces" means the light of heaven from the Lord as the sun there. Because this light is Divine truth itself, from which is all intelligence and wisdom, whatever comes into this light has its quality exhibited as in clear day; for this reason when the evil come into this light they appear just as they are, deformed and monstrous according to the evils concealed with them. This makes clear what is meant by "Thou hast set our iniquities before Thee, and our hidden things in the light of Thy faces."

[10] In Jeremiah:

Proclaim these words towards the north, and say, Return, thou backsliding Israel; I will not cause My faces to fall upon you, for I am merciful (Jeremiah 3:12).

Here, too, "My faces" signify the Divine love, and every good that is of love; and "not causing the faces to fall" signifies not to let it be lowered or cease, for when the countenance falls then it ceases to look, which makes clear what is signified by "I will not cause My faces to fall upon you," so it is also said, "for I am merciful," mercy being the Divine love towards the miserable. "Proclaim towards the north" signifies towards those who are in falsities and in evils therefrom; so it is also said, "Return, thou backsliding Israel." "The north" signifies such, because those who are in falsities and in evils therefrom dwell in the northern quarter in the spiritual world. (Of falsities and the evils therefrom, see in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 21.) The bread upon the table in the tabernacle was called "the bread of faces," and the table itself "the table of faces" (Exodus 25:30; Numbers 4:7), because "the bread" there, the same as "the faces of Jehovah" signified the Divine good of the Divine love (See The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 212-213, 218).

[11] Because "the faces of Jehovah," or of the Lord, signify the Divine good united to Divine truth going out and proceeding from His Divine love, therefore also "the faces of Jehovah" signify the interiors of the church, of the Word, and of worship, for Divine good is in the interior of these; the exteriors of the church, of the Word, and of worship are only the effects and works therefrom. The interiors of the church, of the Word, and of worship are signified by "seeing," "seeking," and "entreating the faces of Jehovah." In Isaiah:

What is the multitude of your sacrifices unto Me? when ye shall come to see the faces of Jehovah? (Isaiah 1:11-12)

In Zechariah:

The inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, In going let us go to entreat the faces of Jehovah, and to seek Jehovah of Hosts; thus many peoples and numerous nations shall come to seek Jehovah of Hosts in Jerusalem, and to entreat the faces of Jehovah (Zechariah 8:21-22).

In David:

My heart said unto thee, Seek ye my faces; Thy faces, O Jehovah, I do seek (Psalms 27:8).

We will make a joyful noise unto the Rock of our salvation; we will come before His faces with confession (Psalms 95:1, 2).

In Malachi:

Entreat the faces of God that He may be gracious unto us (Malachi 1:9).

In David:

My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God; when shall I come to appear before the faces of God? Hope thou in God, for I shall yet confess to Him; His faces are salvations (Psalms 42:2, 5).

In these passages, "faces of Jehovah," "of God," or "of the Lord," mean the interiors of the church, of the Word, and of worship, because Divine good and Divine truth, thus the Lord Himself, are in these interiors, and from them in externals; but are not in externals, namely, of the church, of the Word, and of worship apart from these.

[12] As it was the duty of all who went to Jerusalem to the feasts to carry with them such things as pertained to worship, and all worship is from the interiors which are of the heart and faith, and these interiors are signified by the gifts offered to the Lord, so it was commanded that everyone should offer some gift, which is meant by:

They shall not see My faces empty (Exodus 23:15).

The interiors of the church, of the Word, and of worship, are also signified by these words in Moses:

Jehovah spoke unto Moses, My faces shall go until I shall give thee rest. Then Moses said, If Thy faces go not make us not go up hence (Exodus 33:14-15).

This was said to Moses, because with that nation the Word was to be written, and also in the historical parts of the Word that nation was to be treated of, for with that nation a church was to be instituted which would be a representative church consisting of external things that corresponded to things internal; on this account it was said, "My faces shall go." (Respecting this see further in Arcana Coelestia 10567-10568, where it is explained.)

[13] But because that nation was only in the externals of the Word, of the church, and of worship, and not at all in the internals, therefore it was not granted to Moses to see the Lord's face, but only His back, according to these words in Moses:

Moses said, I pray Thee show me Thy glory; to whom He said, I will make all My good to pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of Jehovah before thee; thou canst not see My faces, for man shall not see Me and live. I will put thee in a hole of the rock, and will cover thee with My hand until I shall have passed by; and when I shall take away My hand thou shalt see My hinder parts, but My faces shall not be seen (Exodus 33:18-23).

Here Moses represented that nation, what was its quality in respect to the understanding of the Word, and thence in respect to the church and worship, namely, that it was in externals only without internals. These externals were represented and signified by "the hinder parts" of Jehovah which were seen by Moses, and the internals by the front parts and "the face." That the internals that are in the externals of the Word, of the church, and of worship, were not seen and could not be seen by that nation, was represented and signified by Moses being placed in the hole of a rock, and by his being covered with the hand of Jehovah while He passed by. (But this has been more fully explained in Arcana Coelestia 10573-10584.)

[14] Furthermore, since "the faces of Jehovah" or the Lord mean the internals of the Word, of the church, and of worship, they mean especially the externals in which are internals; since internals make themselves to be seen in externals, as the internals of man do in his face and features. But the Jewish nation was such that it looked to externals only, and to internals not at all; and to look at externals and not at the same time at internals, or at externals without internals, is like looking at the image of a man that is without life; but to look at externals and at the same time at internals, or at externals from internals, is like looking at a living man; this therefore is, in the proper sense, "to see the face of Jehovah," or "to entreat His faces," in the passages cited above.

[15] Since the internals of the Word, of the church, and of worship, appear in the externals, or present themselves to be seen in externals, comparatively as the internals of man do in the face, it is evident what is signified in the internal sense by "seeing Jehovah" or the Lord "face to face," in the following passages. In Moses:

I have seen God face to face, and yet my soul is delivered (Genesis 32:30).

Jacob said this after he had wrestled with God, who appeared to him as an angel. In the book of Judges:

Gideon said, I have seen the angel of Jehovah face to face. And Jehovah said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not, thou shalt not die (Judges 6:22-23).

So, too, with Manoah and his wife (Judges 13:21-23).

And respecting the Israelitish people:

Jehovah spoke with you face to face from the mount, out of the midst of the fire (Deuteronomy 5:4).

Respecting which it is further said:

Jehovah hath made [us] to see His glory and His greatness, and we have heard His voice out of the midst of the fire; we have seen this day that God doth talk to man and he remaineth alive (Deuteronomy 5:24).

And respecting Moses:

Jehovah spoke unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh to his companion (Exodus 33:11; Deuteronomy 34:10).

[16] But it should be known that no man, nor even any angel, can see the Lord's face, since it is Divine love, and no one can sustain the Divine love such as it is in itself; for to see the Lord's face would be like letting the eye into the very fire of the sun, whence it would instantly perish. Such also is the Lord's Divine love viewed in itself; therefore to those in the interior heavens the Lord appears as a sun, and that sun is encompassed by many radiant circles, which are envelopments one after another, in order that the Divine love may proceed to the angels in heaven tempered and moderated, and thus the angels may sustain it; the Lord therefore appears as a sun to the angels of the higher heavens only, while to the angels of the lower heavens He appears merely as light, and to the rest as a moon. Nevertheless, in heaven the Lord appears to the angels, but under an angelic form; for He fills an angel with His aspect, and thus with His presence from afar, and this He does in various places, but everywhere in accommodation to the good of love and of faith with those to whom He appears. Thus the Lord was seen by Gideon, and by Manoah and his wife, also by Moses, and the Israelitish people. This, therefore, is what is meant by "seeing Jehovah face to face," and by "seeing Jehovah and not dying." It is clearly evident that the face itself in respect to the interiors which are of His Divine love was not seen, for it was said to Moses:

That no one can see Jehovah's face and live (Exodus 33:20).

Yet it is said that "they saw Jehovah face to face;" which shows clearly that "seeing the faces of Jehovah" in the passages cited above signifies seeing Him in the interiors of the Word, of the church, and of worship, which nevertheless is seeing Him in externals from internals. That the Jewish nation was in the externals of the Word, of the church, and of worship, apart from internals, may be seen in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248); what the external is apart from the internal, and what the external is in which is the internal, see n. 47).

[17] That the Jewish nation was such, was also represented and signified by:

Their covering the Lord's face, striking it, and spitting in it (Matthew 26:67; Mark 14:65; Luke 22:64);

for all things related in the Word respecting the Lord's passion represent and signify arcana of heaven and the church, and in particular the quality of the Jews in respect to the Word, the church, and worship. (That this is so, see above, n. 64, 83, 195 c.)

[18] It can be known from what has been thus far explained, what "the face" of Jehovah or the Lord signifies, namely, the Divine love, and all good in heaven and in the church therefrom; and from this it can be known what is signified by "hiding" or "concealing the faces," in reference to Jehovah or the Lord, namely, that it is to leave man in what is his own [proprium] and thus in the evils and falsities that spring forth from what is his own [proprium]; for man viewed in himself is nothing but evil and falsity therefrom, and that he may be in good he is withheld from these by the Lord, which is effected by being elevated out of what is his own [proprium]. From this it can be seen that "hiding and concealing the faces," in reference to the Lord, signifies to leave in evils and falsities; as in the following passages. In Jeremiah:

For all their evil I have covered My faces from this city (Jeremiah 33:5).

In Isaiah:

Your sins have hid God's faces from you, that He hath not heard (Isaiah 59:2).

In Ezekiel:

My faces will I turn away from them, that they may profane My secret, and that the violent may enter into it and profane it (Ezekiel 7:22).

The nations shall know that for their iniquity the sons of Israel were carried away; and therefore will I hide My faces from them (Ezekiel 39:23).

In Lamentations:

The face of Jehovah hath divided them; He will no more regard them (Lamentations 4:16).

In Micah:

Jehovah will hide His faces from them, even as they have made their works evil (Micah 3:4).

In David:

Thou didst hide Thy faces, I was troubled (Psalms 30:7).

Wherefore hidest Thou Thy faces, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression? (Psalms 44:24).

Thou hidest Thy faces, they are affrighted; Thou gatherest in their spirit, they expire, and return to their dust (Psalms 104:29).

In Moses:

My anger shall glow against the people in that day, and I will forsake them, and will hide My faces from them. In hiding I will hide My faces in that day because of all the evil which they have done (Deuteronomy 31:17-18).

I will hide My faces from them; they are a generation of perversions (Deuteronomy 32:20).

In Isaiah:

I will tarry for Jehovah, although He hideth His faces from the house of Jacob (Isaiah 8:17).

In David:

How long wilt Thou forget me, O Jehovah? how long wilt Thou hide Thy faces from me? (Psalms 13:1).

Hide not Thy faces from me; put not Thy servant away in anger (Psalms 27:9).

Hide not Thy faces from Thy servant, for I am in distress; hasten, answer me (Psalms 69:17).

O Jehovah why casteth Thou off my soul? Why hidest Thou Thy faces from me? (Psalms 88:14).

Hide not Thy faces from me in the day of my distress (Psalms 102:2).

Answer me, O Jehovah; hide not Thy faces from me, lest I become like them that go down into the pit (Psalms 143:7).

In Ezekiel:

When I shall have brought together the sons of Israel upon their own ground, then will I not hide My faces any more from them, for I will pour out My spirit upon the sons of Israel (Ezekiel 39:28-29).

In David:

He hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of Israel; neither hath He hid His faces from him; but when he cried aloud unto Him He heard (Psalms 22:24).

[19] In these passages it is said that Jehovah, that is, the Lord, conceals and hides His faces on account of iniquities and sins, and He is entreated not to conceal or hide them, and yet He never conceals or hides, that is, His Divine good and His Divine truth; for the Lord is Divine love itself and mercy itself, and desires the salvation of all; therefore He is present with all and with each one, even with those who are in iniquities and sins, and by this presence He gives them the freedom to receive Him, that is, truth and good from Him, consequently they also do receive if from freedom they desire to. Reception must be from freedom, in order that goods and truths may abide with man, and be with him as his own; for what a man does from freedom he does from affection, for all freedom is of affection, and affection is man's will; therefore what is received in freedom, or from man's affection, enters his will and endures. It then endures because the will is the man himself and in the will his life primarily resides, but secondarily in the thought or the understanding. This therefore is why man ought to receive Divine good and Divine truth, with which the Lord is always present.

[20] This is what is meant by:

Behold I stand at the door and knock; if any man hear My voice and open the door, I will come in to him and will sup with him (Revelation 3:20).

But when man from freedom chooses evil he shuts the door to himself, and thus does not let in the good and truth that are from the Lord; consequently the Lord then appears to be absent. It is from this appearance that it is said that Jehovah conceals and hides His faces, although He does not conceal and hide. Moreover man as to his spirit then turns away from the Lord, and consequently does not perceive the good or see the truth, which are from the Lord; this is why it appears as if the Lord did not see him; and yet the Lord sees each and every thing pertaining to man. It is from this appearance also that the Lord is said to conceal and hide His faces, and also is said to set [ponere et dare] His faces against them, also that He regards them with the back of the neck and not with the faces, as in the following passages. In Jeremiah:

I have set My faces against this city for evil, and not for good (Jeremiah 21:10).

In the same:

I set My faces against you for evil, to cut off all Judah (Jeremiah 44:11).

In Ezekiel:

I will set My faces against that man, and I will lay him waste, and I will cut him off from the midst of My people (Ezekiel 14:8).

In the same:

I will set My faces against them; let them go forth from the fire and the fire shall devour them, when I shall have set My faces against them (Ezekiel 15:7).

In Moses:

He that shall eat any blood, I will set My faces against that soul, and I will cut him off (Leviticus 17:10).

In Jeremiah:

As the east wind will I scatter them before the enemy; with the back of the neck, and not with the face, will I regard them (Jeremiah 18:17).

That it is man who sets his face against the Lord and who turns himself away from the Lord, whence evil comes to him, is evident also from the Word. As in Jeremiah:

They have turned unto Me the back of the neck, and not the faces (Jeremiah 32:33).

In the same:

They have made their faces harder than a rock; they have refused to return (Jeremiah 5:3).

In the same:

They have gone away in their own counsels, in the hardening of their evil heart, and they have become turned backwards and not forwards (Jeremiah 7:24).

And in Isaiah:

Your sins have hid God's faces from you (Isaiah 59:2).

[21] That the evil turn away their face from the Lord does not mean that they do it with the face of the body, but with the face of their spirit. Man can turn his face whatever way he pleases, since he is in a state of freedom to turn himself either towards heaven or towards hell, and moreover a man's face is taught to deceive for the sake of the appearance before the world; but when man becomes a spirit, which he does immediately after death, then he who had lived in evils turns the face altogether away from the Lord (as can be seen from what has been said and shown in the work on Heaven and Hell 17, 123, 142, 144-145, 151, 153, 251, 272, 511, 552, 561). This is what is meant by "they have turned unto Me the back of the neck, and not the face," and "they have become turned backwards and not forwards." And because such then come into the evil of punishment and hell, those who have turned themselves away suppose that this is from the Lord, and that He regards them with a stern countenance, and casts them down into hell, and punishes them just as an angry man would do, when yet the Lord regards no one in any other way than from love and mercy. It is from that appearance that these things are said in the Word. In Isaiah:

When Thou shalt do fearful things that we look not for, the mountains shall flow down before Thee (Isaiah 64:3).

In David:

It is burned with fire, it is cut down; they have perished at the rebuke of Thy faces (Psalms 80:16).

In the same:

The faces of Jehovah are against them that do evil, to cut off the remembrance of them from the earth (Psalms 34:16).

In Moses:

Behold I send an angel before thee. Take ye heed of his faces; for he will not bear your transgression (Exodus 23:20-21).

In Ezekiel:

I will lead you into the wilderness of the peoples, and I will have judgment with you face to face (Ezekiel 20:35).

In Moses:

When the ark set forward, Moses said, Arise O Jehovah, let Thine enemies be scattered; and let them that hate Thee flee before Thy faces (Numbers 10:35).

In Revelation:

I saw a throne high and great, and Him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away (Revelation 20:11).

[22] These things are said respecting the signification of the face in reference to Jehovah or the Lord. The face in reference to man signifies his disposition and affection, and consequently the interiors which belong to his mind, and this because the disposition and affections, or the interiors that belong to man's mind, present themselves to be seen in the face; this is why the face is said to be an index of the mind; the face also is an effigy of the interiors of man, for it represents them, and his countenance corresponds to them. That "faces" in reference to man signify affections of various kinds, can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

They say, Turn aside out of the way, decline out of the path, cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from our faces (Isaiah 30:11).

"Cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from our faces" signifies to cause the Lord to cease from the thought and affection, thus everything of the church, "the Holy one of Israel" meaning the Lord; to withdraw from the truth and good of the church, which is from the Lord and in which is the Lord, is signified by "Turn aside out of the way, decline out of the path," "way" and "path" meaning the truth and good of the church.

[23] In Lamentations:

They have not accepted the faces of the priests, and they were not gracious unto the faces of the old (Lamentations 4:16).

Again:

Princes were hanged up by their hand; the faces of the old were not honored (Lamentations 5:12).

"Not to accept the faces of the priests" signifies to value as nothing the goods of the church, which are of love and faith; for "the priests" represented the Lord in respect to Divine good, and thus signified the good of the church, and "faces" signify all things thereof that have reference to love and faith. "Not to honor the faces of the old" signifies to account as nothing all things of wisdom, "the old" signifying wisdom, and "faces" all things thereof, because they signify interior things; "the princes hanged up by their hand" signify that all intelligence was rejected, "princes" meaning the primary truths from which there is intelligence.

[24] In Moses:

Jacob said respecting Esau, I will appease his faces with the present that goeth before me, and afterwards I will see his faces; peradventure he will accept my faces (Genesis 32:19-20).

"To appease his faces," signifies to captivate his mind; "afterwards to see his faces" signifies to know what the disposition is; "peradventure he will accept my faces" signifies, peradventure he will receive me with a kindly disposition; "to accept the faces" meaning to have good will towards anyone from affection. In the same:

Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shall not regard faces, neither take a gift (Deuteronomy 16:19).

"Not to regard faces" signifies not to have the mind better disposed towards superiors, the rich, and friends, than towards inferiors, the poor, and enemies, because what is just and right is to be regarded without respect to person.

[25] In Malachi:

I have made you contemptible and lowly unto all the people, according as ye keep not My ways, and accept faces in the law (Malachi 2:9).

"Accepting faces in the law" has a similar signification as "regarding faces in judgment," quoted above, namely, to have the mind better disposed towards, and to show more favor to superiors, the rich, and friends, than to inferiors, the poor, and enemies. In Isaiah:

What mean ye? Ye crush the people, and grind the faces of the poor (Isaiah 3:15).

"To grind the faces of the poor" signifies to destroy the affections of knowing truths with those who are in ignorance of truth and yet wish to be instructed; "to grind" signifying to destroy, "faces" signifying the affections of knowing truths, and "the poor" those who are in ignorance of truth but wish to be instructed, for these are the spiritually poor.

[26] In David:

The daughter of Tyre shall bring an offering; the rich of the people shall entreat thy faces. The king's daughter is all glorious within; her vesture is inwrought with gold (Psalms 45:12-13).

"The king's daughter" signifies the spiritual affection of truth; "the daughter of Tyre" signifies the affection of the knowledges of truth and good; to be enriched with these is signified by "bringing an offering;" "the rich of the people" signify the intelligent, and in an abstract sense, the understanding of truth and good; to be gifted with these is signified by "entreating his faces;" for all things of intelligence dwell in the spiritual affection of truth, which therefore is signified by his "faces." (The rest may be seen explained above, n. 195)

[27] In the same:

Yet do I confess ³ Him, the salvations of my faces, my God (Psalms 42:11; 43:5).

"The salvations of my faces" signify all things that are within, thus those that are of the mind and the affections, accordingly those that are of love and faith; because these are what save they are called "salvations." Evil affections, which are lusts, are expressed by the same term, "faces," because they appear in the face, for the face is the external or natural form of the interiors, which are of the disposition and mind; and in the spiritual world these make one, for there it is not permitted to put on other faces than those that are from the affections, thus that correspond to the interiors which are of their mind. This is why the angels of heaven are radiant and lovely in face, while infernal spirits are dusky and misshapen in face.

[28] This, too is evidently the meaning of "faces" in the following passages. In Isaiah:

Throes and pangs seize them, they travail like a woman bringing forth; they are amazed every man at his companion; their faces are faces of flames (Isaiah 13:8).

This treats of the Last Judgment, when the evil are let into their interiors. The interiors of those who are in the love of self and the world, and thence in hatreds and revenges, are meant by "their faces are faces of flames;" and such also do they appear. Their torments from the influx of Divine good and Divine truth are signified by "throes and pangs seize them, they are in travail like a woman bringing forth." Their torments are likened to the throes and pangs of women bringing forth for the same reason that the comparison is used in Genesis 3:16; for evils and falsities are then conjoined; and when this is the case "pangs seize" when Divine good and truth flow in.

[29] In Ezekiel:

Say to the forest of the south, The flame of the grievous flame shall not be quenched, wherefore all faces from the south even to the north shall be burned therein (Ezekiel 20:47).

"The forest of the south" means falsity within the church, consequently those there who are in falsities; the church is signified by "the south" because it can be in the light of truth from the Word; and falsity from evil is signified by "forest;" the vastation and destruction of the church by the love of falsity from evil is signified by "the flame of the grievous flame, by which all faces shall be burned;" "all faces" meaning all the interiors of the men of the church in respect to the affections of truth and good, and the thoughts therefrom; "from the south even to the north" signifies all things of the church from first to last, or interior and exterior; "the south" meaning the interior or first things of the church, and "the north" the exterior or last things of the church; this is the signification of "the south" and "the north" because those who are in the light of truth from the Lord are in the southern quarter in the spiritual world; while in the hells under them are those who are in natural lumen by means of which they have confirmed themselves in falsities; and in the northern quarter are those who are in obscurity of truth from the Lord, and in the hells under them are those who are in falsities, but not in any natural lumen whereby they have confirmed their falsities.

[30] In Joel:

Before him the peoples tremble; all faces have gathered blackness (Joel 2:6).

This treats of evils and falsities devastating the church, and of the judgment upon those who are in them; those who are in falsities are signified by "the peoples who tremble;" their interiors which are in the falsities of evil are signified by "the faces that have gathered blackness;" "faces" meaning the interiors, and "blackness" the falsity of evil. The infernals who are in falsities from evil appear black in the light of heaven.

[31] In Daniel:

In the latter end of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king hard in faces shall rise up (Daniel 8:23).

This was said of the four horns of the he-goat, by which are there meant four kingdoms, but "kingdoms" there do not mean kingdoms but the states of the church, for "a he-goat of the goats" means faith separated from charity, which is called faith alone; "the latter end of their kingdom" signifies the end of the church, when there is no faith because there is no charity; "when the transgressors are come to the full" signifies when there are no longer truth and good, but evil and falsity; these words signify the like as "when iniquity is consummated and fulfilled" (respecting which see above, n. 397). "A king hard in faces" signifies no truth but only falsity in their interiors; "king" signifying truth, and in the contrary sense falsity; "faces" the interiors, and "hard in faces" the interiors without good; for where there is no good, truth is hard, while truth from good is mild, because living; and truth without good even becomes falsity in their interiors or thought, since they do not think about it spiritually but materially, because they think from things corporeal and worldly, and thus from the fallacies of the senses.

[32] In Ezekiel:

Sons hard in their faces, and hardened in heart (Ezekiel 2:4).

"Sons hard in their faces" signify those who are in truths without good, and in an abstract sense truths without good, which in themselves are falsities (as has been said above); and "hardened in heart" signifies those who do not admit good, and who are therefore in evil, for where good cannot enter evil enters; "the heart" signifies also in the Word the good of love, and "a hardened heart" signifies the same as "a stony heart," namely, where the good of love is not admitted; but "a heart of flesh" signifies where it is admitted.

[33] In Isaiah:

Their tongue and their doings are against Jehovah, to rebel against the eyes of His glory; the hardness of their faces answereth against them (Isaiah 3:8-9).

"Their tongue and their doings which are against Jehovah" signify thought and affection; "the tongue" thought, because the tongue utters what man thinks, and "doings" affection, because man does what is of his affection; these "are against Jehovah, and rebel against the eyes of His glory" when they are against Divine good and against Divine truth; for "Jehovah" in the Word means the Lord in respect to Divine good proceeding from His Divine love, and "His glory" means Divine truth; to be against this is signified by "rebelling against the eyes of His glory;" "the hardness of their faces which answers against them" signifies to refuse Divine truth and Divine good, and not to admit them into their thoughts and affections, which are their interiors.

[34] In Ezekiel:

Behold I have made thy faces hard against their faces, and thy forehead hard against their forehead (Ezekiel 3:8).

This was said to the prophet, by whom is signified the doctrine of truth and good combating against falsities and evils; therefore "his faces made hard against their faces" signifies the rejection of falsities by truths, and "his forehead hardened against their forehead" signifies the rejection of evil by good; for "faces" signify the affections of truth, or the affections of falsity, and "forehead" signifies the affection of good or the affection of evil. The affection of truth and good is hardened and becomes outwardly hard from zeal, when it is combating against falsity and evil, otherwise it could not repulse them; but it is not so inwardly. From this it can be seen how these words must be understood. Since "faces" signify man's interiors, or the things that are of his thought and affection, the same word in the Hebrew that means "face" means what is interior.

[35] (In these explanations various things have been said respecting "faces" which cannot be easily understood, perhaps, without further exposition; I will therefore add what has been said and shown respecting faces in the Arcana Coelestia, namely, that the face is formed to a correspondence with man's interiors, n. 4791-4805, 5695; on the correspondence of the face and countenance with the affections of the mind, n. 1568, 2988, 2989, 3631, 4796, 4797, 4800, 5165, 5168, 9306; consequently the interiors shine forth from the face, n. 3527, 4066, 4796; with the ancients the face made one with the interiors, n. 3573, 4326, 5695; it also makes one with the interiors with the angels in heaven, and with sincere men in the world, n. 4796, 4797, 4799, 5695, 8250; in the other life the faces of all become such as their interiors are, n. 4798, 5695; experiences respecting changes of the face there according to the interiors, n. 4796, 6604; on the influx of the interiors of the mind, or of the understanding and will into the face and its muscles, n. 3631, 4800; with flatterers, dissemblers, hypocrites, and the deceitful, the face does not act as one with the interiors, n. 4799, 8250; with such the face is taught to feign sincerity, honesty, and piety, n. 4326; how influx from the brains into the face became changed in process of time, and with it the face itself in respect to its correspondence with the interiors, n. 4326, 8250; the natural of man is like an interior face to the spiritual mind and its sight, n. 5165, 5168. See also what has been said and shown respecting faces in the work on Heaven and Hell 46-48, 142-144, 457-459, 553.)

Poznámky pod čarou: