5354. “他给老二起名叫以法莲” 表属世层里面的一个新理解力及其本质. 这从 “名” 和 “起名” 的含义, 以及 “以法莲” 的代表清楚可知: “名” 和 “起名” 是指性质 (参看144, 145, 1754, 1896, 2009, 2724, 3006, 3421节); “以法莲” 是指属世层里面的理解力, 如下文所述. 不过, 首先必须说一说何谓 “以法莲和玛拿西” 所表示的新理解力和新意愿. 在教会, 虽然众所周知, 人必须再次出生, 也就是必须重生才能进神的国; 因为主在约翰福音 (3:3, 5) 非常明确地声明了这一点. 然而, 只有少数人知道重生意味着什么. 原因在于, 很少有人知道何为良善与邪恶. 人们之所以不知道何为良善与邪恶, 是因为他们不知道何为对邻之仁. 他们若知道何为对邻之仁, 也会知道何为良善, 并通过良善知道何为邪恶; 因为凡出自真正的对邻之仁的, 皆为良善.

但对每个人来说, 这良善都无法来源于他自己, 或说没有人能从自己处于这良善, 因为它完全是从主所流入的某种天上的事物. 这天上的良善不断流入, 而邪恶与虚假却阻碍它被接受. 因此, 为叫它能被接受, 人有必要除去邪恶, 并尽可能地除去, 虚假也要除去, 由此将自己带入接受所流入的这良善的状态. 当邪恶被除去后, 此人便接受良善的流注, 同时获得一个新意愿和一个新的理解力. 这新意愿使他能在出于无私的目的向邻舍行善的过程中感受到快乐, 而新的理解力使他能以为了良善与真理, 以及生活的缘故而学习良善与真理为快乐. 由于这新的理解力和新的意愿通过来自主的流注产生, 所以重生之人承认并相信, 感动他的良善与真理并非源于他自己, 而是源于主, 以及凡源于他自己, 或属于他自己的东西, 无非是邪恶.

由此可见何谓重生, 何谓新的意愿和新的理解力. 但带来新意愿和新理解力的重生并非瞬间完成, 而是从幼年一直持续到生命终结, 此后在来世直到永远; 这一切通过无数难以描述的神性手段实现. 因为人本身无非是邪恶, 这邪恶不断从他, 如同从一个火炉冒出, 不断试图灭绝新生的良善. 移除这种邪恶, 牢固植入良善以取代之, 只能通过人的整个一生, 通过无数难以描述的神性手段实现. 如今人们对这些手段几乎一无所知, 因为人们不让自己重生. 他们以为重生什么都不是, 因为他们不相信死后有生命. 重生的过程涉及无法描述的事物, 构成天使智慧的主要部分, 并且具有这样的性质: 任何天使都永远无法穷尽它. 正因如此, 该过程是圣言的内义论述的主要问题.

“以法莲” 表示属世层里面的新理解力, 这一点从圣言中的许多经文, 尤其大量论述 “以法莲” 的先知书何西阿书明显看出来, 其中有如下经文:

我认识以法莲, 以色列也瞒不住我; . 以法莲哪, 现在你竟然行淫, 以色列被玷污了. 以色列和以法莲必因自己的罪孽灭亡; 犹大也必与他们一同灭亡. 在责罚的日子, 以法莲必变为荒场. 我对以法莲竟如飞蛾, 向犹大家竟如蛀虫. 以法莲见自己有病, 犹大见自己有伤, 以法莲往亚述去, 打发人去见耶雷布王; 这一个却不能医治你们. (何西阿书 5:3, 5, 9, 12-13)

同一先知书:

我医治以色列的时候, 以法莲的罪孽和撒马利亚的罪恶就显露出来. 他们行事虚谎, 内有贼人入侵, 外有群盗劫掠. 以法莲好像一只愚蠢无心的鸽子; 他们求告埃及, 投奔亚述. 他们去的时候, 我必将我的网撒在他们身上. (何西阿书 7:1, 11-12)

又:

以色列被吞吃, 现今在列族中, 好像没有愿望的器皿; 他们上去投奔亚述, 如同独行的野驴. 以法莲用妓女的淫资贿买爱情. (何西阿书 8:8-9)

以色列必不得住耶和华的地; 以法莲却要归回埃及, 他们必在亚述吃不洁净之物. (何西阿书 9:3)

以法莲用谎话, 以色列家用诡计围绕我; 犹大却靠神掌权, 向圣者有忠心; 以法莲吃风, 且追赶东风, 他终日增添虚谎和强暴, 与亚述立约, 把油送到埃及. (何西阿书 11:12; 12:1)

在此先知书中还有许多其它经文论及以法莲 (如何西阿书 4:17-19; 5:3, 5, 9, 11-14; 7:8, 9; 9:8, 11, 13, 16; 10:6, 11; 11:3, 8, 9; 12:8, 14; 13:1, 12; 14:8).

在所有这些经文中, “以法莲” 皆表示教会的理解力部分, “以色列” 表示它的属灵部分, “犹大” 表示它的属天部分. 正因 “以法莲” 表示教会的理解力部分, 所以经上如此频繁地论及他说, 以法莲往埃及或亚述去. 这是因为 “埃及” 表示记忆知识, “亚述” 表示基于这些的推理; 记忆知识和推理都是与理解力有关的事物. “埃及” 表示记忆知识 (参看1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 2588, 3325, 4749, 4964, 4966节); “亚述” 表示理由和推理 (119, 1186节).

在以下经文中, “以法连” 同样表示教会的理解力:

锡安的女子哪, 应当大大喜乐! 耶路撒冷的女子哪, 应当欢呼! 看哪, 你的王来到你这里! 我必除灭以法莲的战车和耶路撒冷的战马, 争战的弓也必除灭. 祂必向列族讲和平, 祂的权柄必从这海管到那海, 从大河管到地极. 我为自己把犹大弯紧, 我使以法莲满了弓. 锡安哪, 我要激发你的众子, 攻击雅完的众子. (撒迦利亚书 9:9-10, 13)

这论及主的到来和外邦人当中的教会. “除灭以法莲的战车和耶路撒冷的战马” 表示除灭教会的一切理解力; “使以法莲满了弓” 表示赐予一个新的理解力. “车” 表示教义 (参看 (5321节), “马” 表示理解力 (2760-2762, 3217, 5321节); “弓” 也表示教义 (2685, 2686, 2709节); 教义依靠理解力, 因为人对它理解到何等程度, 他就信它到何等程度; 他对教义的理解决定了信仰的品质.

因此, 以法莲的子孙被称为 “弓箭手弓箭手”, 诗篇:

以法莲的子孙带着兵器, 拿着弓 (他们是), 临阵之日, 转身退后. (诗篇 78:9)

以西结书:

人子啊, 你要取一根木棍, 在其上写为犹大和他的同伴以色列人; 又取一根木棍, 在其上写为约瑟, 就是为以法莲, 又为他的同伴以色列全家的. 然后把它们彼此相接, 连为一根木棍, 使这两根在你手中成为一根. 看哪! 我要取以法莲手中约瑟的棍, 和他同伴以色列支派的棍, 将在它上面的加到犹大的棍上, 使它们成为一根棍, 在我手中合而为一. (以西结书 37:16-17, 19)

此处 “犹大” 也表示教会的属天部分, “以色列” 表示教会的属灵部分, “以法莲” 表示教会的理解力部分. 两根变为一根棍表示这些通过仁之良善合而为一. “木棍” 表示系仁之良善的良善, 因而是指行为的良善 (参看1110, 2784, 2812, 3720, 4943节).

耶利米书:

必有一天, 守望的人从以法莲山呼叫说, 起来吧! 我们可以上锡安, 到耶和华我们的神那里去. 我是以色列的父, 以法莲是我的长子. (耶利米书 31:6, 9)

同一先知书:

我清楚听见以法莲为自己哀叹, 说, 你责罚我, 我便受责罚, 像不惯负轭的牛犊一样. 求你使我回转, 我便回转. 以法莲是我的宝贝儿子么? 是可喜悦的孩子吗? 因为我每逢说了话遣责他, 仍深顾念他. (耶利米书 31:18, 20)

我必再领以色列回他的故土, 他必在迦密和巴珊吃草, 他的灵魂又在以法莲山上和基列境内得以饱足. (耶利米书 50:19)

以赛亚书:

祸哉! 高傲的冠冕, 以法莲酒徒, 凋残之花, 装饰的荣耀, 它们在肥美谷山顶上, 被酒困扰. (以赛亚书 28:1)

在这些经文中, “以法莲” 也表示教会的理解力部分. 教会的理解力部分就是教会成员对于真理与良善, 也就是信与仁的教义事物所拥有的理解. 因此, 这理解就是他们对于这些问题所持的观点, 概念或想法. 真理本身是教会的属灵部分, 良善是教会的属天部分; 但不同的人对真理与良善的理解是不同的; 因此, 人对真理的理解如何, 他所知道的真理就如何, 或也可说, 人对真理的理解决定了他所知道的真理的种类. 每个人对良善的理解也一样.

至于何为 “玛拿西” 所表示的教会意愿部分, 这可从教会的理解力部分, 也就是 “以法莲” 得知. 教会意愿的性质与其理解力的性质相似, 即它是因人而异的. 在以赛亚书, “玛拿西” 就表示这意愿部分:

因万军之耶和华的烈怒, 地都变暗, 百姓成了烧火的燃料, 无人怜惜弟兄. 各人吃自己膀臂上的肉. 玛拿西吞吃以法莲; 以法莲吞吃玛拿西, 他们一同攻击犹大. (以赛亚书 9:19-21)

“各人吃自己膀臂上的肉. 玛拿西吞吃以法莲; 以法莲吞吃玛拿西” 表教会成员的意愿将攻击他的理解力, 他的理解力则攻击他的意愿.

诗篇:

神已经指着他的圣洁说, 我要欢乐, 我要分开示剑, 丈量疏割谷. 基列是我的, 玛拿西也是我的, 以法莲是护卫我头的力量. (诗篇 60:6-7)

又:

领约瑟如领羊群之以色列的牧者啊, 侧耳听哦! 坐在二基路伯上的啊, 求你发出光来! 在以法莲, 便雅悯, 玛拿西前面, 施展你的大能. (诗篇 80:1-2)

此处 “以法莲” 也表示教会的理解力部分, “玛拿西” 表示它的意愿部分. 这层含义也可从雅各临死前对以法莲和玛拿西的祝福 (创世记 48:13-20), 雅各接受以法莲以取代流便, 接受玛拿西以取代西缅 (创世记 48:3, 5) 明显看出来; 因为流便代表教会的理解力部分, 也就是理解力或教义上的信仰 (参看3861, 3866节); 西缅代表行为上的信仰, 或顺从和实践真理的意愿, 仁爱就源于真理并通过真理来表达自己, 因而代表行为上的真理, 也就是新意愿的良善 (3869-3872节).

那时叫以色列的雅各更多地祝福以法莲, 而不是玛拿西, 将右手放在前者身上, 左手放在后者身上 (创世记 48:13-20), 其原因和雅各为自己获得以扫的长子名分的原因是一样的, 也与犹大从他玛所生的儿子法勒斯和谢拉的情况是一样的, 当时谢拉虽为长子, 仍在法勒斯之后出来 (创世记 38:28-30). 这个原因就是, 在人重生期间, 属于理解力的信之真理看似占据第一位, 而属于意愿的仁之良善则看似占据第二位; 而事实上, 良善占据第一位, 一旦此人重生, 这一点是显而易见的 (关于这个主题, 可参看3324, 3539, 3548, 3556, 3563, 3570, 3576, 3603, 3701, 4243, 4244, 4247, 4337, 4925, 4926, 4928, 4930, 4977节).

4581. 'And he poured out a drink-offering onto it' means the Divine Good of Truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'a drink-offering' as the Divine Good of Truth, dealt with below. But first one must say what the good of truth is. The good of truth is that which elsewhere has been called the good of faith, which is love towards the neighbour, or charity. There are two universal kinds of good, the first being that which is called the good of faith, the second that which is referred to as the good of love. The good of faith is the kind of good meant by 'a drink-offering', and the good of love the kind meant by 'oil'. The good of love exists with those whom the Lord brings to what is good by an internal way, while the good of faith exists with those He brings to it by an external way. The good of love exists with members of the celestial Church, and likewise with angels of the inmost or third heaven, but the good of faith with members of the spiritual Church, and likewise with angels of the middle or second heaven. Consequently the first kind of good is called celestial good, whereas the second kind is called spiritual good. The difference between the two is, on the one hand, willing what is good out of a will for good and, on the other, willing what is good out of an understanding of it. The second kind of good therefore - spiritual good or the good of faith, which is the good of truth - is meant by 'a drink-offering'; but the first - celestial good or the good of love - is meant in the internal sense by 'oil'.

[2] Nobody, it is true, can see that such things as these were meant by 'oil' and 'a drink-offering' unless he does so from the internal sense. Yet anyone may see that things of a holy nature were represented by them, for unless those holy things were represented by them what else would pouring out a drink-offering or pouring oil onto a stone pillar be but some ridiculous and idolatrous action? It is like the coronation of a king. What else would the ceremonies performed on that occasion be if they did not mean and imply things of a holy nature - placing the crown on his head; anointing him with oil from a horn, on his forehead and on his wrists; placing a sceptre in his hand, as well as a sword and keys; investing him with a purple robe, and then seating him on a silver throne; and after that, his riding in his regalia on a horse, and later still his being served at table by men of distinction, besides many other ceremonies? Unless these represented things of a holy nature and were themselves holy by virtue of their correspondence with the things of heaven and consequently of the Church, they would be no more than the kind of games that young children play, though on a grander scale, or else like plays that are performed on the stage.

[3] But all those ceremonies trace their origin back to most ancient times when ceremonies were holy by virtue of their representation of things that were holy and of their correspondence with holy things in heaven and consequently in the Church. Even today they are considered holy, though not because people know their spiritual representation and correspondence but through the interpretation so to speak they put on symbols in common use. If however people did know what the crown, oil, horn, sceptre, sword, keys, purple robe, silver throne, riding on a white horse, and eating while men of distinction act as the servers, all represented and to what holy thing each corresponded, they would conceive of those things in an even holier way. But they do not know, and surprisingly do not wish to know; indeed that lack of knowledge is so great that the representatives and the meaningful signs included within such ceremonies and within every part of the Word have been obliterated from people's minds at the present day.

[4] The fact that 'a drink-offering' means the good of truth, or spiritual good, may be seen from the sacrifices in which drink-offerings were used. When sacrifices were offered they were made either from the herd or from the flock, and they were representative of internal worship of the Lord, 922, 923, 1823, 2180, 2805, 2807, 2830, 3519. To these the minchah and the drink-offering were added. The minchah, which consisted of fine flour mixed with oil, meant celestial good, or what amounted to the same, the good of love - 'the oil' meaning love to the Lord and 'the fine flour' charity towards the neighbour. But the drink-offering, which consisted of wine, meant spiritual good, or what amounted to the same, the good of faith. Both these therefore, the minchah and the drink-offering, have the same meaning as the bread and wine in the Holy Supper.

[5] The addition of a minchah and a drink-offering to a burnt offering or to a sacrifice is clear in Moses,

You shall offer two lambs in their first year, each day continually. One lamb you shall offer in the morning, and the second you shall offer between the evenings; and a tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, a quarter of a hin, and a drink-offering of a quarter of a hin of wine, for the first lamb; and so also for the second lamb. Exodus 29:38-41.

In the same author,

You shall offer on the day when you wave the sheaf of the firstfruits of the harvest a lamb without blemish in its first year as a burnt offering to Jehovah, its minchah being two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil, and its drink-offering wine, a quarter of a hin. Leviticus 23:12-13, 18.

In the same author,

On the day when the days of Naziriteship are completed he is to offer his gift to Jehovah, sacrifices and also a basket of unleavened [loaves] of fine flour, cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, together with their minchah and their drink-offerings. Numbers 6:13-17.

In the same author,

Upon the burnt offering they shall offer a minchah of a tenth [of an ephah] of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil, and wine as the drink-offering, a quarter of a hin - in one way upon the burnt offering of a ram, and in another upon that of a bull. Numbers 15:3-11.

In the same author,

With the continual burnt offering you shall offer a drink-offering, a quarter of a hin for a lamb; in the holy place pour out a drink-offering of wine to Jehovah. Numbers 28:6-7.

Further references to minchahs and drink-offerings in the different kinds of sacrifices are continued in Numbers 28:7-end; 29:1-end.

[6] The meaning that 'minchah and drink-offering' had may be seen in addition from the considerations that love and faith constitute the whole of worship, and that in the Holy Supper 'the bread' - described in the quotations above as fine flour mixed with oil - and 'the wine' mean love and faith, and so the whole of worship, dealt with in 1798, 2165, 2177, 2187, 2343, 2359, 3464, 3735, 3813, 4211, 4217.

[7] But when people fell away from the genuine representative kind of worship of the Lord and turned to other gods and poured out drink-offerings to these, 'drink-offerings' came to mean things that were the reverse of charity and faith, namely the evils and falsities that go with the love of the world; as in Isaiah,

You inflamed yourselves among the gods under every green tree. You have also poured out a drink-offering to them, you have brought a minchah. Isaiah 57:5-6.

'Inflaming oneself among the gods' stands for cravings for falsity - 'gods' meaning falsities, 4402 (end), 4544. 'Under every green tree' stands for the trust in all falsities which leads to those cravings, 2722, 4552. 'Pouring out a drink-offering to them' and 'bringing a minchah' stand for the worship of those falsities. In the same prophet,

You who forsake Jehovah, who forget My holy mountain, who set a table for Gad, and fill a drink-offering for Meni. Isaiah 65:11.

In Jeremiah,

The sons gather pieces of wood, and the fathers kindle fire, and the women knead dough to make cakes for the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings to other gods. Jeremiah 7:18.

[8] In the same prophet,

We will surely do every word that has gone out of our mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings to her, as we did, we and our fathers, and our princes in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem. Jeremiah 44:17-19.

'The queen of heaven' stands for all falsities, for 'the hosts of heaven' in the genuine sense means truths, and in the contrary sense falsities, and so in the same way do 'king' and 'queen'. 'Queen' accordingly stands for all [falsities] and 'pouring out drink-offerings to her' means worshipping them.

[9] In the same prophet,

The Chaldeans will burn the city, and the houses upon whose roofs they have burned incense to Baal and poured out drink-offerings to other gods. Jeremiah 32:29.

'The Chaldeans' stands for people whose worship involves falsity. 'Burning the city' stands for destroying and laying waste those whose doctrines teach falsity. Upon the roofs of the houses burning incense to Baal' stands for the worship of what is evil, 'pouring out drink-offerings to other gods' for the worship of what is false.

[10] In Hosea,

They will not dwell in Jehovah's land, but Ephraim will return to Egypt, and in Assyria they will eat what is unclean. They will not pour libations of wine to Jehovah. Hosea 9:3-4.

'Not dwelling in Jehovah's land' stands for not abiding in the good of love. 'Ephraim will return to Egypt' stands for the Church when its understanding will come to be no more than factual and sensory knowledge. 'In Assyria they will eat what is unclean' stands for impure and profane desires that are the product of reasoning. 'They will not pour libations of wine to Jehovah' stands for no worship based on truth.

[11] In Moses,

It will be said, Where are their gods, the rock in which they trusted, who ate the fat of the sacrifices, [who] drank the wine of their drink-offering? Let them rise up and help them! Deuteronomy 32:37-38.

'Gods' stands for falsities, as above. 'Who ate the fat of the sacrifices' stands for their destruction of the good belonging to worship, '[who] drank the wine of their drink-offering' for their destruction of the truth belonging to it. A reference to 'drink-offerings of blood' also occurs in David,

They will multiply their pains; they have hastened to another, lest I pour out their drink-offerings of blood, and take up their names upon My lips. Psalms 16:4.

By these 'drink-offerings' are meant profanations of truth, for in this case 'blood' means violence done to charity, 374, 1005, and profanation, 1003.