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Исход第12章

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1 И сказалъ Іегова Моисею и Аарону въ землј Египетской:

2 мјсяцъ сей да будетъ у васъ началомъ мјсяцевъ: первымъ да будетъ онъ у васъ между мјсяцами года.

3 Скажите всему обществу Израиля: въ десятый день сего мјсяца пусть возмутъ у себя по поколјніямъ агнцевъ, по агнцу на семейство.

4 А у кого семейство такъ мало, что не съјстъ агнца; тотъ пусть возметъ агнца вмјстј съ сосјдомъ своимъ, ближайшимъ къ дому своему, смотря по числу душъ: смотря потому, сколько каждый можетъ съјсть, разчислитесь на агнца.

5 Агнецъ долженъ быть безъ порока, мужескаго пола, однолјтній, возмите его отъ овецъ, или отъ козъ.

6 И пусть хранится онъ у васъ до четырнадцатаго дня сего мјсяца: тогда пусть заколетъ его все собраніе общества Израильскаго вечеромъ.

7 И пусть возмутъ крови его и помажутъ ею на обоихъ косякахъ и на перекладј дверей въ домахъ, гдј будутъ јсть его.

8 Пусть съјдятъ мясо его въ сію самую ночь, испекши на огнј, съ прјснымъ хлјбомъ и съ горъкіми травами пусть съјдятъ его.

9 Не јшьте его недопеченаго, или сваренаго въ водј, но испеченнаго на огнј, съ головою, голенями и внутренностями.

10 Не оставляйте отъ него до утра, но оставшееся отъ него къ утру, сожгите на огнј.

11 Јшьте же его такъ: пустъ будутъ поясы на чреслахъ вашихъ, и посохи въ рукахъ вашихъ, и јшъте его съ поспјшностію; это Пасха Іеговы.

12 А Я въ сію самую ночь пройду по землј Египетской, и поражу всякаго первенца въ землј Египетской, отъ человјка до скота, и надъ всјми богами Египетскими произведу судъ. Я Іегова.

13 И будетъ у васъ кровь знаменіемъ на домахъ, гдј вы будете, и увижу кровь и пройду мимо васъ, и не будетъ между вами язвы губительной, когда буду поражать землю Египетскую.

14 И да будетъ вамъ день сей памятенъ и празднуйте его, какъ праздникъ Іеговы, въ грядущіе роды ваши; празднуйте его, какъ установлепіе вјчное.

15 Семь дней јшьте прјсный хлјбъ; съ самаго перваго дня уничтожьте квасное въ домахъ вашихъ; ибо кто будетъ јсть кислое съ перваго дня до седьмаго дня, душа та истреблена будетъ изъ среды Израильтянъ.

16 Въ первый день да будетъ у васъ священное собраніе: и въ седьмый день священное собраніе: никакого дјла не должно дјлать въ оные; только что јсть каждому, одно то дјлайте.

17 Наблюдайте день опрјсноковъ; ибо въ сей самый день Я вывелъ воинство ваше изъ земли Египетской: наблюдайте день сей въ роды ваши, это установленіе вјчное.

18 Съ четырнадцатаго дня перваго мјсяца, съ вечера јшьте прјсный хлјбъ до вечера двадцать перваго дня того же мјсяца.

19 Семь дней не должно быть квасное въ домахъ вашихъ; ибо кто будетъ јсть кислое, душа та истреблена будетъ изъ общества Израилева, пришлецъ ли то, или природный житель земли той.

20 Ничего кислаго не јшьте; во всякомъ мјстопребываніи вашемъ јшьте прјсный хлјбъ.

21 И созвалъ Моисей всјхъ старјйшинъ Израилевыхъ, и сказалъ имъ: выберите и возмите себј агнцевъ по племенамъ вашимъ и заколите пасху.

22 И возмите пучекъ иссопа, и обмочите въ кровь, которая должна бытъ въ сосудј, и помажьте перекладъ и оба косяка дверей кровію, которая въ сосудј; а вы никто не выходите за двери дома своего до утра.

23 И пойдетъ Іегова поражать Египетъ, и увидитъ кровь на перекладј и на обоихъ косякахъ дверей, и пройдетъ Іегова мимо дверей и не попуститъ губителю войдти въ домы ваши, для пораженія.

24 Храните сіе, какъ законъ для тебя и для сыновъ твоихъ на вјки.

25 Когда войдете въ землю, которую Іегова дастъ вамъ, какъ Онъ говорилъ, соблюдайте сіе служеніе.

26 И когда спросятъ у васъ дјти ваши: что это за служеніе у васъ?

27 Скажите: это пасхальная жертва Іеговј, Который прошелъ мимо домовъ сыновъ Израилевыхъ въ Египтј, когда поражалъ Египтянъ; и домы наши избавилъ. Народъ палъ и поклонился.

28 И пошли сыны Израилевы и сдјлали такъ; какъ повелјлъ Іегова Моисею и Аарону, такъ и сдјлали.

29 Въ полночь Іегова поразилъ всјхъ первенцевъ въ землј Египетской, отъ первенца Фараона, который сидјлъ на престолј своемъ, до первенца узника, находившагося въ темницј, и все первородное изъ скота.

30 И всталъ Фараонъ ночью самъ и всј рабы его, и весь Египетъ; и сдјлался великій вопль въ Египтј: ибо не было дома, гдј бы не было мертвеца.

31 И призвалъ Фараонъ Моисея и Аарона ночью, и сказалъ: встаньте, выдьте изъ среды народа моего, какъ вы, такъ и сыны Израилевы, и подите, совершите служеніе Іеговј, какъ вы говорили;

32 возмите и мелкой и крупной скотъ вашъ, какъ вы говорили, и подите: благословите также и меня.

33 И понуждали Египтяне народъ, чтобы скорје выслать ихъ изъ земли; ибо говорили они: мы всј помремъ.

34 И понесъ народъ тјсто свое, прежде нежели оно вскисло, квашни ихъ, завязанныя въ одеждахъ ихъ, были на плечахъ ихъ.

35 И сдјлали сыны Израилевы по слову Моисея, и выпросили у Египтянъ вещей серебряныхъ и вещей золотыхъ и одеждъ.

36 Іегова далъ благодать народу въ очахъ Египтянъ. Они склонились на просьбы, и Израилътяне обобрали Египтянъ.

37 И отправились сыны Израилевы изъ Раамсеса въ Сокхоѕъ, до шести сотъ тысячъ человјкъ пјшихъ, кромј дјтей.

38 Вмјстј съ ними вышло также множество разнаго рода людей, и мелкій и крупный скотъ, стадо весьма большое.

39 И испекли прјсеый хлјбъ изъ тјста, вынесеннаго изъ Египта, когда оно еще не вскисло, ибо они выгнаны изъ Египта и не могли медлить и изготовить себј на дорогу пищи.

40 Времени же, въ которое сыны Израилевы обитали въ Египтј, было четыреста тридцать лјтъ.

41 Когда исполнилось четыреста тридцать лјтъ, въ тотъ самый день вышло все воинство Іеговы изъ земли Египетской.

42 Бдјніе Іеговј въ сію ночь, когда Онъ вывелъ ихъ изъ земли Египетской; въ сію самую ночь бдјніе Іеговј у всјхъ сыновъ Израилевыхъ въ роды ихъ.

43 И сказалъ Іегова Моисею и Аарону: вотъ уставъ Пасхи: никакой иноплеменникъ не долженъ јсть ея.

44 А всякаго раба, купленнаго за серебро, обрјжь: тогда онъ пусть јстъ ее.

45 Поселенецъ и наемникъ не долженъ јсть ея.

46 Въ одномъ домј должно јсть ее; не выносите мяса вонъ изъ дома, и костей ея не сокрушайте.

47 Все общество Израиля должно совершать ее.

48 Если же поселится у тебя пришлецъ, и захочетъ совершить Пасху Іеговј, то обрјжь у него всјхъ мужескаго пола, и тогда онъ приступить къ совершенію ея, и будетъ какъ природный житель земли: а никакой необрјзанный не долженъ јсть ея.

49 Одинъ законъ да будетъ и для природнаго жителя и для пришельца, поселившагося между вами.

50 И сдјлали такъ всј сыны Израилевы; какъ повелјлъ Іегова Моисею и Аарону, такъ и сдјлали.

51 Такимъ образомъ въ сей самый день Іегова вывелъ сыновъ Израилевыхъ изъ земли Египетской, по ихъ ополченіямъ.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#1502

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1502. From these considerations it is now evident that Abram's sojourning in Egypt represents and means nothing else than the Lord, in particular His instruction during childhood. This is also confirmed by what is stated in Hosea,

Out of Egypt I called My son. Hosea 11:1; Matthew 2:15.

And further still from what is said in Moses,

The dwelling of the sons of Israel who dwelt in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. And it happened at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, on that very day it happened that all the hosts of Jehovah went out of the land of Egypt. Exodus 12:40-41.

Those four hundred and thirty years were measured not from the time that Jacob entered Egypt but from Abram's sojourning in Egypt. Thus 'My son out of Egypt' in Hosea 11:1 means, in the internal sense, the Lord. The matter gains further confirmation from the fact that 'Egypt' in the Word means nothing other than knowledge, as shown in 1164, 1165, 1462.

[2] And that these arcana are contained in this section may become additionally clear from the fact that similar things are said of Abram when he sojourned in Philistia, namely that he called his wife his sister, Genesis 20:1-end, and also of Isaac, who, when he too sojourned in Philistia, called his wife his sister, Genesis 26:6-13. These actions would never have been recorded in the Word, and set in almost identical circumstances, unless these arcana had been lying hidden within. Furthermore this is the Word of the Lord which cannot possibly have any life unless there is an internal sense which has regard to Him.

[3] The arcana which lie hidden in this section, and in those regarding Abram and Isaac in Philistia, have to do with the way in which the Lord's Human Essence was joined to His Divine Essence, or what amounts to the same, how the Lord became Jehovah as regards His Human Essence also. They also have to do with the fact that His initiation, which is the subject in this chapter, began in childhood. Besides all this these descriptions also embody more arcana than anyone can possibly believe, and those that can be mentioned are so few as to be scarcely anything at all. In addition to the very deep arcana concerning the Lord, they also embody arcana concerning the instruction and regeneration of a person so that he may become celestial, as well as his instruction and regeneration so that he may become spiritual; and not only concerning the individual in particular but also concerning the Church in general. The descriptions here also embody arcana regarding the instruction of young children in heaven. In short they have to do with all who become images and likenesses of the Lord. These arcana are not at all clearly visible in the sense of the letter, the reason being that historical details engulf and obscure them; but they are clearly visible in the internal sense.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#1462

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1462. 'Egypt' means, in reference to the Lord, knowledge comprised of cognitions, but in reference to all others, knowledge in general. This becomes clear from the meaning of that country in the Word, dealt with already in several places, and specifically in 1164, 1165. Indeed the Ancient Church existed in Egypt, as it did in many other places, 1238, and while the Church was in that region all kinds of knowledge flourished there more than anything else; and this explains why 'Egypt' came to mean knowledge. But after those people desired to penetrate the mysteries of faith by means of all this knowledge, and so to inquire into the truth of Divine arcana from their own power, Egypt became a place of magic, and so came to mean factual knowledge which perverts, and which gives rise to falsities and derivative evils, as is clear in Isaiah 19:11.

[2] That 'Egypt' means all kinds of knowledge that serve a use, thus at this point knowledge comprised of cognitions which is able to serve as vessels for celestial and spiritual things, becomes clear from the following places in the Word: In Isaiah,

They have led Egypt astray, the corner-stone of the tribes. Isaiah 19:13.

Here it is called 'the corner-stone of the tribes', which was to serve as the base on which the things of faith meant by 'the tribes' were to rest. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt which speak in the lip of Canaan and swear to Jehovah Zebaoth. Each will be called Ir Heres. On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah; and it will be a sign and a witness to Jehovah Zebaoth in the land of Egypt, for they will cry to Jehovah because of the oppressors, and He will send a savior and a prince to them, and he will deliver them. And Jehovah will make Himself known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know Jehovah on that day and will offer sacrifice and minchah, and will make vows to Jehovah and perform them. And Jehovah will smite Egypt, smiting and healing, and they will return to Jehovah; and He will be entreated by them, and He will heal them. Isaiah 19:18-22.

Used in a good sense here, 'Egypt' stands for people who possess facts, or natural truths, which are the vessels for spiritual truths.

[3] In the same prophet,

On that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Asshur, and Asshur will come into Egypt and Egypt into Asshur, and the Egyptians will serve Asshur. 1 On that day Israel will be the third with Egypt and Asshur, a blessing in the midst of the earth, whom Jehovah Zebaoth will bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt My people, and Asshur the work of My hands, and Israel My heritage. Isaiah 19:23-25.

Here 'Egypt' means knowledge consisting of natural truths, 'Asshur' reason or rational things, and 'Israel' spiritual things, which follow one another in that order. Hence the statement that 'on that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Asshur, and Israel will be the third with Egypt and Asshur'.

[4] In Ezekiel,

Fine linen with embroidered work from Egypt was your sail, that it might be to you an ensign. Ezekiel 27:7.

This refers to Tyre, which means the possession of cognitions. 'Fine linen with embroidered work' stands for the truths contained in all kinds of knowledge which are of service; belonging as they do to the external man facts ought to be of service to the internal man. In the same prophet,

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, At the end of forty years I will gather Egypt from the peoples among whom they were scattered, and I will bring back the captivity of Egypt. Ezekiel 29:13-14.

Here also 'Egypt' has much the same meaning, as is also said of Judah and Israel in many other places that they were to be gathered from the peoples and brought back from captivity. In Zechariah,

And it will be that whoever of the families of the earth does not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, Jehovah Zebaoth, there will be no rain upon them And if the family of Egypt does not go up, and does not come . . . Zechariah 14:17-18.

Here also 'Egypt' is used in a good sense to have a similar meaning.

[5] That knowledge or human wisdom is meant by 'Egypt' becomes clear also in Daniel 11:43 where knowledge of celestial and of spiritual things is called 'the secret hoards of gold and silver' and also 'the precious things of Egypt'. And of Solomon it is said that his wisdom surpassed the wisdom of all the sons of the east and all the wisdom of the Egyptians, 1 Kings 4:30. And the house built by Solomon for Pharaoh's daughter had no other representation, 1 Kings 7:8 and following verses.

[6] The Lord's being taken into Egypt when He was an infant had no other meaning than that which here is meant by Abram, though He was also taken there so that He might fulfill all things that had taken place and were representative of Himself. The passage of Jacob and his sons down into Egypt represented in the inmost sense nothing other than the Lord's initial instruction in cognitions from the Word, as is also evident from what follows. In reference to the Lord the following is said in Matthew,

The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, Rise, take the boy and His mother, and flee into Egypt, and be there until I tell you. He rose and took the boy and His mother by night, and departed into Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod, so that what had been said by the prophet might be fulfilled, when he said, Out of Egypt have I called My son. Matthew 2:13-15, 19-21.

This promise is stated in Hosea as follows,

When Israel was a boy I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son. Hosea 11:1.

From this it is clear that 'the boy Israel' is used to mean the Lord, His instruction when a boy being expressed by the words, 'Out of Egypt have I called My son'.

[7] In the same prophet,

By a prophet Jehovah brought Israel up out of Egypt and by a prophet he was preserved. Hosea 12:12-13.

Here similarly 'Israel' is used to mean the Lord. 'A prophet' means one who teaches, thus teaching consisting of cognitions. In David,

Turn us back, O God Zebaoth, cause Your face 2 to shine and we shall be saved. You caused a vine to set out from Egypt, You drove out the nations and planted it. Psalms 80:7-8.

This too refers to the Lord, who is called 'the vine out of Egypt' as regards the cognitions in which He was receiving instruction.

脚注:

1. The Hebrew of his text in Isaiah may be read in two different ways - serve Asshur or serve with Asshur. Most English versions of Isaiah prefer the second of these.

2. literally, Faces

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.