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2 Mose第22章

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1 Wenn jemand einen Ochsen oder Schaf stiehlt und schlachtet es oder verkauft es, der soll fünf Ochsen für einen Ochsen wiedergeben und vier Schafe für ein Schaf.

2 Wenn ein Dieb ergriffen wird, daß er einbricht, und wird drob geschlagen, daß er stirbt, so soll man kein Blutgericht über jenen lassen gehen.

3 Ist aber die Sonne über ihm aufgegangen, so soll man das Blutgericht gehen lassen. Es soll aber ein Dieb wiedererstatten. Hat er nichts, so verkaufe man ihn um seinen Diebstahl.

4 Findet man aber bei ihm den Diebstahl lebendig, es sei Ochse, Esel oder Schaf, so soll er's zwiefältig wiedergeben.

5 Wenn jemand einen Acker oder Weinberg beschädiget, daß er sein Vieh lässet Schaden tun in eines andern Acker, der soll von dem Besten auf seinem Acker und Weinberge wiedererstatten.

6 Wenn ein Feuer auskommt und ergreift die Dornen und verbrennet die Garben oder Getreide, das noch stehet, oder den Acker, so soll der wiedererstatten, der das Feuer angezündet hat.

7 Wenn jemand seinem Nächsten Geld oder Geräte zu behalten tut, und wird demselbigen aus seinem Hause gestohlen: findet man den Dieb, so soll er's zwiefältig wiedergeben.

8 Findet man aber den Dieb nicht, so soll man den Hauswirt vor die Götter bringen, ob er nicht seine Hand habe an seines Nächsten Habe gelegt.

9 Wo einer den andern schuldiget um einigerlei Unrecht, es sei um Ochsen oder Esel oder Schaf oder Kleider oder allerlei, das verloren ist, so sollen beider Sachen vor die Götter kommen. Welchen die Götter verdammen, der soll's zwiefältig seinem Nächsten wiedergeben.

10 Wenn jemand seinem Nächsten einen Esel oder Ochsen oder Schaf oder irgend ein Vieh zu behalten tut, und stirbt ihm, oder wird beschädiget, oder wird ihm weggetrieben, daß es niemand siehet,

11 so soll man's unter ihnen auf einen Eid bei dem HERRN kommen lassen, ob er nicht habe seine Hand an seines Nächsten Habe gelegt; und des Guts HERR soll's annehmen, daß jener nicht bezahlen müsse.

12 Stiehlt es ihm aber ein Dieb, so soll er's seinem HERRN bezahlen.

13 Wird es aber zerrissen, so soll er Zeugnis davon bringen und nicht bezahlen.

14 Wenn es jemand von seinem Nächsten entlehnet, und wird beschädiget oder stirbt, daß sein HERR nicht dabei ist, so soll er's bezahlen.

15 Ist aber sein HERR dabei, so soll er's nicht bezahlen, so er's um sein Geld gedinget hat.

16 Wenn jemand eine Jungfrau beredet, die noch nicht vertrauet ist, und beschläft sie, der soll ihr geben ihre Morgengabe und sie zum Weibe haben.

17 Weigert sich aber ihr Vater, sie ihm zu geben, so soll er Geld darwägen, wieviel einer Jungfrau zur Morgengabe gebührt.

18 Die Zauberinnen sollst du nicht leben lassen.

19 Wer ein Vieh beschläft, der soll des Todes sterben.

20 Wer den Göttern opfert, ohne dem HERRN allein, der sei verbannet,

21 Die Fremdlinge sollst du nicht schinden noch unterdrücken; denn ihr seid auch Fremdlinge in Ägyptenland gewesen.

22 Ihr sollt keine Witwen und Waisen beleidigen.

23 Wirst du sie beleidigen, so werden sie zu mir schreien, und ich werde ihr Schreien erhören;

24 so wird mein Zorn ergrimmen, daß ich euch mit dem Schwert töte und eure Weiber Witwen und eure Kinder Waisen werden.

25 Wenn du Geld leihest meinem Volk, das arm ist bei dir, sollst du ihn nicht zu Schaden dringen und keinen Wucher auf ihn treiben.

26 Wenn du von deinem Nächsten ein Kleid zum Pfande nimmst, sollst du es ihm wiedergeben, ehe die Sonne untergehet.

27 Denn sein Kleid ist seine einige Decke seiner Haut, darin er schläft. Wird er aber zu mir schreien, so werde ich, ihn erhören; denn ich bin gnädig.

28 Den Göttern sollst du nicht fluchen und den Obersten in deinem Volk sollst du nicht lästern.

29 Deine Fülle und Tränen sollst du nicht verziehen. Deinen ersten Sohn sollst du mir geben.

30 So sollst du auch tun mit deinem Ochsen und Schaf. Sieben Tage laß es bei seiner Mutter sein, am achten Tage sollst du mir's geben.

31 Ihr sollt heilige Leute vor mir sein: darum sollt ihr kein Fleisch essen, das auf dem Felde von Tieren zerrissen ist, sondern vor die Hunde werfen.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9320

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9320. 'For you shall utterly destroy them' means that evils must be completely removed. This is clear from the meaning of 'destroying' - when it has reference to evils and falsities, meant by the nations of the land of Canaan and their gods - as removing. The reason why 'destroying' means removing is that those governed by goodness and truth never destroy those ruled by evil and falsity, but merely move them away. This they do because good, not evil, governs their actions, and good comes from the Lord, who never destroys anyone. Those ruled by evil however and consequently by falsity try to destroy, and so far as they can they do destroy those governed by good. This they do because evil rules their actions. But since, when they try to do so, they make their attack on good which comes from the Lord, thus on what is of God, they destroy themselves, that is, they hurl themselves into damnation and into hell. Such is the law of order. And why it is such, see 4299, 7643, 7679, 7710, 7926, 7989, 8137, 8146, 8265, 8945, 8946.

[2] The reason why the Israelites and Jews were to destroy the nations of the land of Canaan was that they themselves represented spiritual and heavenly realities, while the nations represented hellish and devilish things, which can never exist together with those realities since they are opposites. The reason why they were allowed to destroy the nations was that no Church existed among them, only a representative of the Church, so that the Lord was not present among them either except through things of a representative nature, 4307. For they were interested in outward forms but not their inner substances, that is, in the worship that represented goodness and truth but not goodness and truth themselves. People like this are allowed to destroy, kill, and consign to slaughter and complete destruction. But people who are interested in outward forms and at the same time in their inner substance are not allowed to do those things, since their actions must be governed by good, and good comes from the Lord.

[3] The fact that the Jews and Israelites were such is declared explicitly by Moses,

Do not say in your heart, when Jehovah your God has thrust out the nations before you, Because of my righteousness Jehovah has brought me in to possess this land. It is not because of your righteousness and because of the uprightness of your heart; for you are a stiff-necked people. Deuteronomy 9:4-6.

And elsewhere,

They are a nation from whom counsel has perished, nor is there intelligence in them. From the vine of Sodom comes their vine, and from the fields of Gomorrah; their grapes are grapes of poison, they have clusters of bitterness. The poison of snakes (draco) is their wine, and the cruel poison of asps. Is not this hidden away with Me, sealed up in My treasuries? Deuteronomy 32:28, 32-34.

'The vine' in the internal sense means the Church, 1069, 5113, 6375, 6376, 9277; 'grapes' and 'clusters' mean the internal forms and the external forms of that Church's good, 1071, 5117, 6378; and 'wine' means that Church's internal truth, 1071, 1798, 6377. From this one may see what is meant by the assertions that their vine comes from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah, that their grapes are grapes of poison and clusters of bitterness, and that their wine is the poison of snakes and the cruel poison of asps. The fact that all this was known to Jehovah, that is, to the Lord, is meant by the remarks about its being hidden away with Him and sealed up in His treasuries.

[4] In John,

Jesus said to the Jews, You are from your father the devil, and the desires of your father you will to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and has not stood in the truth. John 8:44.

This is why they are called a wicked and adulterous generation, Matthew 12:39, as well as a brood of vipers, Matthew 3:7; 12:34; 23:33; Luke 3:7. That they were like this is also described by the Lord in His parables in Matthew 21:33-45; Mark 12:1-9; Luke 14:16-24; 20:9ff.

Regarding that nation, that it was the worst nation; that in their worship they were interested in outward forms but not their inner substance; that no Church existed among them, only a representative of the Church; but that nevertheless they were able to represent the internal realities of the Church, see 3398, 3479, 3480, 3732 (end), 3881 (end), 4208, 4281, 4288-4290, 4293, 4307, 4314, 4316, 4317, 4429, 4433, 4444, 4500, 4503, 4680, 4815, 4818, 4820, 4825, 4832, 4837, 4844, 4847, 4865, 4868, 4874, 4899, 4903, 4911-4913, 5057, 5998, 6304, 6832, 6877, 7048, 7051, 7248, 7401, 7439, 8301, 8588, 8788, 8806, 8814, 8819, 8871, 8882, 9284.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#8301

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8301. 'Who is like You among the gods, O Jehovah' means that every truth of good emanates from the Lord's Divine Human. This is clear from the meaning of 'gods' as truths, dealt with in 4402, 7268, 7873, at this point truths springing from good since comparison with Jehovah is made when it says, Who is like You among the gods, O Jehovah? 'Jehovah' in the Word means the Lord, see 1343, 1736, 2921, 3023, 3035, 5041, 5663, 6280, 6281, 6303, 6905, 6945, 6956; but at this point 'Jehovah' is used to mean the Divine Human because the theme of the song is the salvation of those belonging to the spiritual Church, accomplished through the Lord's Coming into the world, and by means of His Divine Human while He was in it, see 2661, 2716, 2833, 2834, 6372, 6854, 6914, 7035, 7091(end), 7828, 7932, 8018, 8054. The reason why the words used mean that every truth of good emanates from the Lord's Divine Human is that truths can emanate from anyone at all, but the truths of good can do so only from the Lord, consequently from those who are governed by good received from the Lord. Truths divorced from good are also contemplated and declared by those who possess faith that is mere persuasion and still lead a life of evil, as well as by many others within the Church. But those truths are not the truths of good, and so they do not emanate from the Lord but from such people themselves.

[2] The fact that truths springing from good emanate from the Lord may be recognized from the consideration that the Lord is Good itself because He is Love itself. Truth emanates from that Love just as light does from the flames of the sun. This truth is also like the light in springtime and summer, which holds warmth within itself and causes all things on the planet to come alive so to speak. But truth that does not flow from good is like the light in wintertime when all things on the planet die off. The reason why 'gods' are the truths of good is that 'gods' is used in the good sense to mean angels, who are called 'gods' because they are substances or forms receiving truth that has good from the Lord within it.

[3] Angels, and therefore the truths of good which emanate from the Lord, are also meant by 'gods' in the following places:

In David,

God places himself in the assembly of God in the midst of the gods will He judge. I said, You are gods and sons of the Most High, all of you. Psalms 82:1, 6.

Truths emanating from the Lord are what 'gods' is used to mean here. This is clear from the fact that the singular, 'in the assembly of God', is used first, and 'in the midst of the gods' afterwards. For 'God' is used in the Word where truth is referred to, see 2769, 2807, 2822, 3921, 4287, 4402, 7010; and in the highest sense 'God' is the Divine Truth emanating from the Lord, 7268.

In the same author,

I will confess You with my whole heart; before the gods I will make melody to You. Psalms 138:1.

In the same author,

There is none like You among the gods O Lord. Psalms 86:8.

In the same author,

A great God is Jehovah, and a great King above all gods. Psalms 95:3.

In the same author,

You, O Jehovah, are [high] above all the earth; You are exceedingly exalted above all gods. Psalms 97:9.

In the same author,

I know that Jehovah is great, and our Lord is above all gods. Psalms 135:5.

So it is too that Jehovah is called Lord of lords and God of gods in Deuteronomy 10:17; Joshua 22:22; Psalms 136:2.

[4] The reason why it is said so many times that Jehovah is above all gods and is God of gods is that at that time a large number of gods were worshipped. Nations were distinguished from one another according to the gods they worshipped, each nation believing that its god was the highest of all. As a result of this the idea of a large number of gods was rooted in everyone's mind, though there was disagreement over which one of them was the greatest, as becomes quite clear from many places in the historical narratives of the Word. That idea was rooted in the minds of the Jews more than others, and this explains why it says so many times in the Word that Jehovah was greater than all gods and that He was King and God of gods. The fact that this idea of a large number of gods was rooted in the minds of the Jews more than other nations becomes quite clear from their frequent apostasy, when they turned to the worship of other gods, many instances of which are recorded in the historical books of the Word, such as Judges 2:10, 13, 17, 19; 3:5-7; 8:27, 33; 10:6, 10, 13; 18:14, 17-18, 20, 24, 31; I Sam. 7:3-4; 8:8; 1 Kings 14:23-24; 16:31-33; 18:20ff; 21:26; 22:53; 2 Kings 16:1, 10ff; 17:7, 15-17; 21:3-7, 21; 23:4-5, 7-8, 10-13; and elsewhere.

[5] The mind of that nation was so unsound that with their lips they declared belief in Jehovah alone, yet in their heart acknowledged other gods. This becomes perfectly clear from the consideration that they saw so many miracles in Egypt, and in addition so many after that - the division of the sea before them and the drowning of Pharaoh's army, the pillar of cloud and fire constantly appearing, the manna raining down from heaven every day, and the actual presence of Jehovah with such great majesty and awe on Mount Sinai. And having seen such miracles they declared openly that Jehovah alone was God. Yet only weeks later, merely because Moses delayed [coming down from the mountain], they asked for molded gods which they could adore. And also after Aaron had made them those people attended them with divine worship through a feast, burnt offerings and sacrifices, and dancing. From this it becomes clear that the worship of many gods remained fixed in their hearts. The fact that this nation was like this, more than any other nation on the entire earth, is also clear in Jeremiah,

Has a nation changed its gods, and My people changed their glory for what does not profit? Be astonished, O heavens, over this, and shudder, be in great trepidation. According to the number of your cities have your gods been, O Judah. Jeremiah 2:11-12, 28.

[6] The character of that nation is also such that they adore external things, and so idols, more than all other nations do; they have no desire whatever to know about internal things. For they are the most avaricious of all nations; and avarice, which with them is such that gold or silver is loved for its own sake and not for the sake of any useful purpose, is an extremely earthly desire. It drags the mind down completely to a physical level and submerges it in it; and it closes interior levels to such an extent that no faith or love whatever from heaven can enter them. This shows how greatly mistaken those people are who believe that that nation will be chosen again, or that the Lord's Church will pass to them again after all others have been cast aside, when in fact you will convert stones to faith in the Lord before you convert them. This belief that the Church will pass to them is again due to many places in the prophetical parts of the Word which speak of their future return. But such people do not know that in those places Judah, Jacob, or Israel is not used to mean that nation, but those among whom the Church resides.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.